Publication Cover
Educational Psychology in Practice
theory, research and practice in educational psychology
Volume 39, 2023 - Issue 4
428
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Exploring risk and protective factors in kinship family environments: a systematic literature review of the views of children in kinship care

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 475-499 | Received 17 Mar 2023, Accepted 13 Jun 2023, Published online: 20 Sep 2023

References

  • Ainsworth, F., & Hansen, P. (2017). Understanding the behaviour of children in care before and after parental contact. Children Australia, 42(1), 5–8. https://doi.org/10.1017/cha.2016.50
  • Aldgate, J. (2009). Living in kinship care: A child-centred view. Adoption & Fostering, 33(3), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/030857590903300306
  • Aldgate, J., & Simmonds, J. (Eds.). (1988). Direct work with children: A guide for social work practitioners. B.T. Batsford.
  • Arseneault, L. (2018). Annual research review: The persistent and pervasive impact of being bullied in childhood and adolescence: Implications for policy and practice. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(4), 405–421. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12841
  • Baerger, D., & McAdams, D. (1999). Life story coherence and its relation to psychological well-being. Narrative Inquiry, 9(1), 69–96. https://doi.org/10.1075/ni.9.1.05bae
  • Baynes, P. (2008). Untold stories: A discussion of life story work. Adoption & Fostering, 32(2), 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/030857590803200206
  • Boyden, J., & Mann, G. (2005). Children’s risk, resilience, and coping in extreme situations. In: M. Ungar (Ed.), Handbook for working with children and youth: Pathways to resilience across cultures and contexts (pp. 3–25). Sage.
  • Bramlett, M. D., & Blumberg, S. J. (2007). Family structure and children’s physical and mental health. Health Affairs, 26(2), 549–558. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.26.2.549
  • Brown, S., Cohon, D., & Wheeler, R. (2002). African American extended families and kinship care: How relevant is the foster care model for kinship care? Children & Youth Services Review, 24(1–2), 55–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0190-7409(01)00168-2
  • Burgess, C., Rossvoll, F., Wallace, B., & Daniel, B. (2010). ‘It’s just like another home, just another family, so it’s nae different’ children’s voices in kinship care: A research study about the experience of children in kinship care in Scotland. Child & Family Social Work, 15(3), 297–306. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2009.00671.x
  • Choi, M., Sprang, G., & Eslinger, J. G. (2016). Grandparents raising grandchildren. Family & Community Health, 39(2), 120–128. https://doi.org/10.1097/FCH.0000000000000097
  • Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. (2018). CASP Qualitative Checklist. https://casp-uk.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/CASP-Qualitative-Checklist-2018.pdf
  • Cross, S. L., & Day, A. G. (2008). American Indian grand families: Eight adolescent and grandparent dyads share perceptions on various aspects of the kinship care relationship. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 17(1), 82–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313200801906559
  • Cushing, G., Samuels, G., & Kerman, B. (2014). Profiles of relational permanence at 22: Variability in parental supports and outcomes among young adults with foster care histories. Children & Youth Services Review, 39, 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.01.001
  • Denby, R. W., Testa, M. F., Alford, K. A., Cross, C. L., & Brinson, J. A. (2017). Protective factors as mediators and moderators of risk effects on perceptions of child well-being in kinship care. Child Welfare, 95(4), 111–136.
  • Department for Education. (2011). Statutory Guidance on Family and Friends Care. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/288483/family-and-friends-care.pdf
  • Dolbin‐MacNab, M. L., & Keiley, M. K. (2009). Navigating interdependence: How adolescents raised solely by grandparents experience their family relationships. Family Relations, 58(2), 162–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2008.00544.x
  • Downie, J. M., Hay, D. A., Horner, B. J., Wichmann, H., & Hislop, A. L. (2010). Children living with their grandparents: Resilience and wellbeing. International Journal of Social Welfare, 19(1), 8–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2397.2009.00654.x
  • Edwards, O. W. (2016). Bullying among middle school children raised by grandparents. Contemporary School Psychology, 20(3), 254–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40688-015-0082-6
  • Farmer, E., & Moyers, S. (2008). Kinship care: Fostering effective family and friends placements. Jessica Kingsley.
  • Farmer, E., Selwyn, J., & Meakings, S. (2013). ‘Other children say you’re not normal because you don’t live with your parents’. Children’s views of living with informal kinship carers: Social networks, stigma and attachment to carers. Child & Family Social Work, 18(1), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12030
  • Fuentes-Peláez, N., Amorós, P., Mateos Inchaurrondo, A., Balsells, M., & Violant, V. (2013). The biological family from the perspective of kinship fostered adolescents. Psicothema, 25(3), 349–354. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2013.22
  • Gladstone, G. L., Parker, G. B., & Malhi, G. S. (2006). Do bullied children become anxious and depressed adults?: A cross-sectional investigation of the correlates of bullying and anxious depression. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 194(3), 201–208. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nmd.0000202491.99719.c3
  • Gough, D. (2007). Weight of evidence: A framework for the appraisal of the quality and relevance of evidence. Research Papers in Education, 22(2), 213–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/02671520701296189
  • Grusec, J. (2011). Socialization processes in the family: Social and emotional development. Annual Review of Psychology, 62(1), 243–269. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.121208.131650
  • Hassall, A., Van Rensburg, E. J., Trew, S., Hawes, D. J., & Pasalich, D. S. (2021). Does kinship vs. foster care better promote connectedness? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Child & Family Psychology Review, 24(4), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-021-00352-6
  • Hayslip, B., Jr., Fruhauf, C. A., & Dolbin MacNab, M. L. (2017). Grandparents raising grandchildren: What have we learned over the past decade? The Gerontologist, 59(3), e152–e163. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnx106
  • Hedin, L., Hojer, I., & Brunnberg, E. (2012). Jokes and routines make everyday life a good life - on 'doing family' for young people in foster care in Sweden. European Journal of Social Work, 15(5), 613–628.
  • Holtan, A. (2008). Family types and social integration in kinship foster care. Children & Youth Services Review, 30(9), 1022–1036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.01.002
  • Hunt, J. (2018). Grandparents as substitute parents in the UK. Contemporary Social Science, 13(2), 175–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2017.1417629
  • Hunt, J., Waterhouse, S., & Lutman, E. (2008). Keeping them in the family: Outcomes for abused and neglected children placed with family or friends carers through care proceedings. British Association for Adoption and Fostering.
  • Inchaurrondo, A. M., Bailón, M. À. B., Vicente, C. P., Tió, E. V., & Bolós, A. M. (2015). Risk and protective factors associated with kinship care. Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal, 32(5), 417–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-015-0382-8
  • Irizarry, C., Miller, K., & Bowden, M. (2016). Kinship care: Child safety or easy option? Staff and carers’ perspectives. Journal of Family Social Work, 19(3), 199–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/10522158.2016.1187699
  • Kelch-Oliver, K. (2011). African American grandchildren raised in grandparent-headed families: An exploratory study. The Family Journal, 19(4), 396–406. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480711417235
  • Kennedy, H., Landor, M., & Todd, L. (2011). Video interaction guidance. Jessica Kingsley.
  • Kinship Care Parliamentary Task Force. (2020). First thought not afterthought: Report of the parliamentary taskforce on kinship care. https://www.frg.org.uk/involving-families/family-and-friends-carers/cross-party-parliamentarytaskforce-on-kinship-care
  • Kinship website. (2022). https://kinship.org.uk/about-us/why-we-exist/
  • Kiraly, M. (2018). Australian children in kinship care-hidden in plain sight? Developing practice: The child. Youth and Family Work Journal, 51(2), 3–9. https://search.informit.org/doi/epdf/10.3316/ielapa.855762175326276
  • Kiraly, M., & Humphreys, C. (2013). Perspectives from young people about family contact in kinship care: “Don’t push us—listen more”. Australian Social Work, 66(3), 314–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/0312407X.2012.715658
  • Kiraly, M., & Humphreys, C. (2015). A tangled web: Parental contact with children in kinship care. Child & Family Social Work, 20(1), 106–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12060
  • Kiraly, M., & Humphreys, C. (2016). ‘It’s about the whole family’: Family contact for children in kinship care. Child & Family Social Work, 21(2), 228–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12140
  • Kiraly, M., & Kertesz, M. (2021). ‘It’s good because my sister is young, and she knows what’s going on’: Children’s views about their young kinship carers. Child & Family Social Work, 26(4), 592–600. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12841
  • Korpershoek, H., Canrinus, E. T., Fokkens-Bruinsma, M., & de Boer, H. (2020). The relationships between school belonging and students’ motivational, social-emotional, behavioural, and academic outcomes in secondary education: A meta-analytic review. Research Papers in Education, 35(6), 641–680. https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2019.1615116
  • Kroll, B. (2007). A family affair? Kinship care and parental substance misuse: Some dilemmas explored. Child & Family Social Work, 12(1), 84–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2006.00448.x
  • Lee, Y., Blitz, L. V., & Srnka, M. (2015). Trauma and resiliency in grandparent-headed multigenerational families. Families in Society, 96(2), 116–124. https://doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.2015.96.13
  • MacDonald, M., Hayes, D., & Houston, S. (2018). Understanding informal kinship care: A critical narrative review of theory and research. Families, Relationships and Societies, 7(1), 71–87. https://doi.org/10.1332/204674316X14534751747496
  • Masten, A. S., & Palmer, A. R. (2019). Parenting to promote resilience in children. In: M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Volume 5: The practice of parenting (3rd ed., pp. 156–188). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429401695-6
  • Mateos, A., Balsells, M. Á., Molina, M. C., & Fuentes-Pelaez, N. (2012). The perception adolescents in kinship foster care have of their own needs. Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala, 38, 25–41. http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/48291
  • McAdams, D. P. (2006). The problem of narrative coherence. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 19(2), 109–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720530500508720
  • McCartan, C., Bunting, L., Bywaters, P., Davidson, G., Elliott, M., & Hooper, J. (2018). A four-nation comparison of kinship care in the UK: The relationship between formal kinship care and deprivation. Social Policy & Society, 17(4), 619–635. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746418000179
  • Merritt, D. (2008). Placement preferences among children living in foster or kinship care: A cluster analysis. Children & Youth Services Review, 30(11), 1336–1344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.04.002
  • Messing, J. T. (2006). From the child’s perspective: A qualitative analysis of kinship care placements. Children & Youth Services Review, 28(12), 1415–1434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2006.03.001
  • Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62(10), 1006–1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005
  • Nansel, T. R., Craig, W., Overpeck, M. D., Saluja, G., & Ruan, W. J. (2004). Cross-national consistency in the relationship between bullying behaviors and psychosocial adjustment. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 158(8), 730–736.
  • National Scientific Council on the Developing Child. (2005/2014). Excessive stress disrupts the architecture of the developing brain: Working Paper No. 3. Updated Edition. https://46y5eh11fhgw3ve3ytpwxt9r-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2005/05/Stress_Disrupts_Architecture_Developing_Brain-1.pdf
  • National Scientific Council on the Developing Child. (2015). Supportive relationships and active skill-building strengthen the foundations of resilience: Working Paper No. 13. https://46y5eh11fhgw3ve3ytpwxt9r-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/The-Science-of-Resilience2.pdf
  • O’Brien, V. (2012). The benefits and challenges of kinship care. Child Care in Practice, 18(2), 127–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/13575279.2012.657610
  • Pitcher, D. (2002). Placement with grandparents: The issues for grandparents who care for their grandchildren. Adoption & Fostering, 26(1), 6–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/030857590202600103
  • Pitcher, D. (2014). Introduction. In: D. Pitcher (Ed.), Inside kinship care: Understanding family dynamics and providing effective support (pp. 17–28). Jessica Kingsley.
  • QSR International. (2020). NVivo 12 qualitative data analysis. https://www.qsrinternational.com/nvivo-qualitative-data-analysis-software/support-services/nvivo-downloads
  • Richards, A., & Tapsfield, R. (2003). Funding family and friends care: The way forward. Family Rights Group.
  • Sandelowski, M., & Barroso, J. (2006). Handbook for synthesizing qualitative research. Springer.
  • Sands, R. G., Goldberg-Glen, R. S., & Shin, H. (2009). The voices of grandchildren of grandparent caregivers: A strengths-resilience perspective. Child Welfare, 88(2), 25–45.
  • Schwartz, A. E. (2010). “Nobody knows me no more”: Experiences of loss among African American adolescents in kinship and non-kinship foster care placements. Race and Social Problems, 2(1), 31–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12552-010-9025-z
  • Scottish Executive. (2006). National fostering and kinship care strategy in Scotland. Scottish Government, https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20180517073737/http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2006/12/07091551/13.
  • Sebba, J., Berridge, D., Luke, N., Fletcher, J., Bell, K., Strand, S., Sinclair, I., & O’Higgins, A. (2015). The educational progress of looked after children in England: Linking care and educational data. University of Oxford Department of Education and University of Bristol. http://www.somersetvirtualschool.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Educational-Progress-Looked-After-Children-Overview-Report.pdf
  • Selwyn, J., Farmer, E., Meakings, S., & Vaisey, P. (2013). The poor relations? Children and informal kinship carers speak out. Buttle UK. http://www.bristol.ac.uk/media-library/sites/sps/migrated/documents/report.pdf
  • Selwyn, J., & Nandy, S. (2014). Kinship care in the UK: Using census data to estimate the extent of formal and informal care by relatives. Child & Family Social Work, 19(1), 44–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00879.x
  • Shonkoff, J. P., Garner, A. S., Siegel, B. S., Dobbins, M. I., Earls, M. F., McGuinn, L., Pascoe, J., Wood, D., & the Committee on Psychosocial aspects of Child and Family Health, Committee on Early Childhood, Adoption, and Dependent Care, and section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. (2012). The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress. Pediatrics, 129(1), e232–e246.
  • Shotton, G. (2020). A session by session guide to life story work: A practical resource to use with looked after or adopted children. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429280160
  • Shuttleworth, P. D. (2023). Recognition of family life by children living in kinship care arrangements in England. British Journal of Social Work, 53(1), 157–176. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcac114
  • Skoglund, J., Thørnblad, R., & Holtan, A. (2019). Children’s relationships with birth parents in childhood and adulthood: A qualitative longitudinal study of kinship care. Qualitative Social Work, 18(6), 944–964. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325018784646
  • Smith, G. C., Hayslip, B., Jr., & Webster, B. A. (2019). Psychological difficulties among custodial grandchildren. Children & Youth Services Review, 104, 104390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104390
  • Thomas, J., & Harden, A. (2008). Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-8-45
  • Thompson, A. E., & Greeson, J. K. P. (2015). Legal and relational permanence in older foster care youths. Social Work Today, 15(4), 24.
  • Tompkins, C. J., Vander Linden, K., & Bowers, B. J. (2020). Compounding complexity: Examining multiple factors leading to challenges within grandfamilies. The Gerontologist, 60(6), 1094–1102. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz189
  • Ungar, M., Connelly, G., Liebenberg, L., & Theron, L. (2019). How schools enhance the development of young people’s resilience. Social Indicators Research, 145(2), 615–627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1728-8
  • Vanschoonlandt, F., Vanderfaeillie, J., Van Holen, F., De Maeyer, S., & Andries, C. (2012). Kinship and non-kinship foster care: Differences in contact with parents and foster child’s mental health problems. Children & Youth Services Review, 34(8), 1533–1539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.04.010
  • Vaughn, M. G., Fu, Q., Bender, K., DeLisi, M., Beaver, K. M., Perron, B. E., & Howard, M. O. (2010). Psychiatric correlates of bullying in the United States: Findings from a national sample. The Psychiatric Quarterly, 81(3), 183–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-010-9128-0
  • Vis, S. A., Handegård, B. H., Holtan, A., Fossum, S., & Thørnblad, R. (2016). Social functioning and mental health among children who have been living in kinship and non‐kinship foster care: Results from an 8‐year follow‐up with a Norwegian sample. Child & Family Social Work, 21(4), 557–567. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12180
  • Walsh, F. (2012). Facilitating family resilience: Relational resources for positive youth development in conditions of adversity. In: M. Ungar (Ed.), The social ecology of resilience: A handbook of theory and practice (pp. 173–185). Springer New York.
  • Washington, T., Rose, T., Colombo, G., Hong, J. S., & Coard, S. I. (2015). Family-level factors and African American children’s behavioral health outcomes: A systematic review. Child & Youth Care Forum, 44(6), 819–834. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-015-9308-z
  • Wijedasa, D. (2015). The prevalence and characteristics of children growing up with relatives in the UK. Hadley Centre for Adoption and Foster Care Studies, University of Bristol. https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/the-prevalence-and-characteristics-of-children-growing-up-with-re-4
  • Winnicott, D. (1965). The maturational process and the facilitative environment. International Universities Press.
  • Winokur, M. A., Holtan, A., & Batchelder, K. E. (2018). Systematic review of kinship care effects on safety, permanency, and well-being outcomes. Research on Social Work Practice, 28(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731515620843

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.