Private higher education: a comparative study of Germany and the United Arab Emirates

References

• Altin, M. E. 2019. “Internationalization of the German Higher Education System New Player in the Market.” Athens Journal of Education 6 (3): 237–256.
   Google Scholar
• Austin, A. E., D. W. Chapman, S. Farah, E. Wilson, and N. Ridge. 2014. “Expatriate Academic Staff in the United Arab Emirates: The Nature of Their Work Experiences in Higher Education Institutions.” Higher Education 68 (4): 541–557.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badry, F. 2019. “Expanding the Uae’s Higher Education Horizon: Path Toward a Sustainable Future.” In Education in the United Arab Emirates, edited by K. Gallagher. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7736-5_4.
   Google Scholar
• Bleiklie, I. 2014. “Comparing University Organizations Across Boundaries.” Higher Education 67:381–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-013-9683-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brockhoff, K. 2011. “Erfolgsfaktoren privater Hochschulen.” Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft 81 (4): 5–31.
   Google Scholar
• Buckner, E. 2017. “The Worldwide Growth of Private Higher Education: Cross-National Patterns of Higher Education Institution Foundings by Sector.” Sociology of Education 90 (4): 296–314. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038040717739613.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CAA (Commission for Academic Accreditation). 2022. Available at: https://www.caa.ae/Pages/Institutes/All.aspx.
   Google Scholar
• Cross-Border Education Research Team. 2022. C-BERT International Campus Listing. [Data Originally Collected by Kevin Kinser and Jason E. Lane]. Albany, NY: Available: http://cbert.org/resources-data/intl-campus/.
   Google Scholar
• DiMaggio, P. J., and W. W. Powell. 1983. “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields.” American Sociological Review 48 (2): 147–160. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EACEA National Policies Platform. 2022. Population: Demographic Situation, Languages and Religions. Available at: https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/population-demographic-situation-languages-and-religions-31_en.
   Google Scholar
• Emirates Competitiveness Council. 2014. Policy in Action. The Heart of Competitiveness: Higher Education Creating the Uae’s Future. Dubai: Emirate Competitiveness Council.
   Google Scholar
• Federal Competitiveness and Statistics Authority (FCSA). 2017. Higher Education Data. Available at https://fcsa.gov.ae/en-us/Pages/Statistics/Statistics-by-Subject.aspx#/%3Fsubject=Demography%20and%20Social&folder=Demography%20and%20Social/Education/Higher%20Education
   Google Scholar
• Frank, A., A. Kröger, J. Krume, and V. Meyer-Guckel. 2010. Private Hochschulen: Entwicklungen im Spannungsfeld von akademischer und gesellschaftlicher Transformation. Germany: Essen, Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft e.V.
   Google Scholar
• Hanada, S. 2013. “International Branch Campuses in the United Arab Emirates and Qatar: Commonalities, Differences and Open Questions.” Comparative Education 2013 (47): 121–139. https://doi.org/10.5998/jces.2013.47_121.
   Google Scholar
• Hübner, M. 2012. “Do Tuition Fees Affect Enrollment Behavior? Evidence from a ‘Natural experiment’ in Germany.” Economics of Education Review 31 (6): 949–960.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huisman, J., B. Lepori, M. Seeber, N. Frølich, and L. Scordato. 2015. “Measuring Institutional Diversity Across Higher Education Systems.” Research Evaluation 24 (4): 369–379.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hüther, O., and G. Krücken. 2018. Higher Education in Germany – Recent Developments in an International Perspective. Vol. 49. Wiesbaden: Springer International Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Lane, J. E. 2011. “Public or Private? Deciphering the Role of International Branch Campuses in the Arabian Gulf.” Second Annual Symposium of the Gulf Comparative Society; March 16–17, 2011, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. Available at: https://acrobat.adobe.com/link/review?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:37de7d5f-318e-4e3c-b08b-007981516fa7.
   Google Scholar
• Lenhardt, G., R. D. Reisz, and M. Stock. 2012. “Überlebenschancen privater und öffentlicher Hochschulen.” Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung 34 (2): 30–48. https://www.bzh.bayern.de/uploads/media/2-2012-Lenhardt-Reisz-Stock.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, J. W. 2010. “World Society, Institutional Theories, and the Actor.” Annual Review of Sociology 36 (1): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102506.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, J. W., J. Boli, G. M. Thomas, and F. O. Ramirez. 1997. “World Society and the Nation-State.” The American Journal of Sociology 103 (1): 144–181.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitterle, A. 2017. “In Search of the Private: On the Specificities of Private Higher Education in Germany.” Studies in Critical Social Sciences, Vol. 101, 193–219. Brill Academic Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004291508_009.
   Google Scholar
• Müller, S., and T. Schneider. 2013. “Educational Pathways and Dropout from Higher Education in Germany.” Longitudinal & Life Course Studies 4 (3): 218–241.
   Google Scholar
• Nasir, S. 2017. “New Ratings System for UAE Universities.” In Khaleej Times. https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/new-ratings-system-for-uae-universities.
   Google Scholar
• O’Sullivan, K. 2015. “Challenges and Constraints in Meeting International Standards in UAE.” Near and Middle Eastern Journal of Research in Education 1 (4): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5339/nmejre.2015.4.
   Google Scholar
• Petschel, A. 2021. Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund Datenreport 2021. Ein Sozialbericht für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Bonn: 30–45.
   Google Scholar
• Platz, S., and H. Dirk. 2016. “Student Expectations and Experiences in Higher Education: A Comparison of State and Private Universities in Germany.” In International Marketing of Higher Education, edited by V. Naidoo and T. Wu, 171–190. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). 2019. Understanding Middle East Education: UAE Country Profile. Available at https://www.pwc.com/m1/en/industries/education/publications/understanding-middle-east-education.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Profanter, A. 2017. “University is a Private Matter: Higher Education in Saudi Arabia.” In Rethinking Private Higher Education, edited by D. Cantini, 158–192. Leiden: Brill.
   Google Scholar
• QAA (Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education). 2017. Country Report: The United Arab Emirates. Available at: https://www.qaa.ac.uk/docs/qaa/international/country-report-uae-2017.pdf?sfvrsn=25caf781_6.
   Google Scholar
• Schily, O. 2007. “Jenseits der Verträge.” In Das alte Europa in neuer Verfassung?, edited by W.-H.-I. für Europäisches Verfassungsrecht, 31–42. Baden-Baden: Nomos.
   Google Scholar
• Schofer, E., and J. W. Meyer. 2005. “The Worldwide Expansion of Higher Education in the Twentieth Century.” American Sociological Review 70 (6): 898–920. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240507000602.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stensaker, B. 2011. “Accreditation of Higher Education in Europe – Moving Towards the US Model?.” Journal of Education Policy 26 (6): 757–769. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2010.551785
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkins, S. 2010. “Higher Education in the United Arab Emirates: An Analysis of the Outcomes of Significant Increases in Supply and Competition.” Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management 32 (4): 389–400.
   Google Scholar
• Wilkins, S. 2011. “Who Benefits from Foreign Universities in the Arab Gulf States?” Australian Universities’ Review 53 (1): 73–83.
   Google Scholar
• Wissenschaftsrat. 2022. https://www.wissenschaftsrat.de/DE/Aufgabenfelder/Akkreditierungen/Akkreditierungsverfahren/akkreditierungsverfahren_node.html.
   Google Scholar
• Wolter, A., and C. Kerst. 2015. “The ‘Academization’ of the German Qualification System: Recent Developments in the Relationships Between Vocational Training and Higher Education in Germany.” Research in Comparative and International Education 10 (4): 510–524. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745499915612188.
   Google Scholar
• World Population Review (WPR). Available at: https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/united-arab-emirates-population. Accessed (30/08/2022)
   Google Scholar