Making sense of sensing homes: exploring ‘regimes of engagement’ in a smart urban energy context

References

• Ballo, I. F. (2015). Imagining energy futures: Sociotechnical imaginaries of the future Smart Grid in Norway. Energy Research & Social Science, 9, 9–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2015.08.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett, J., Burningham, K., Walker, G., & Cass, N. (2012). Imagined publics and engagement around renewable energy technologies in the UK. Public Understanding of Science, 21(1), 36–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662510365663
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barns, S. (2016). Mine your data: Open data, digital strategies and entrepreneurial governance by code. Urban Geography, 37(4), 554–571. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2016.1139876
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergen municipality. (2015, August 7). Bergen 2030: Kommuneplanens samfunnsdel. https://www.bergen.kommune.no/omkommunen/planer-i-kommunen.
   Google Scholar
• Bergen municipality. (2016, September 21). Grønn strategi, Klima- og energihandlingsplan for Bergen. https://www.bergen.kommune.no/api/rest/filer/V304556.
   Google Scholar
• Blunt, A., & Dowling, R. (2006). Home. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Boasson, E. (2013). National climate policy ambitiousness: A comparative study of Denmark, France, Germany, Norway, Sweden and the UK. Center for International Climate and Environmental Research. (CICERO Report, 2013-02). http://hdl.handle.net/11250/191980.
   Google Scholar
• Bøeng, A. C., Halvorsen, B., & Larsen, B. M. (2012). Kartlegging av oppvarmingsutstyr i husholdningene. Statistics Norway. (Document 2014/45). https://www.ssb.no/energi-og-industri/artikler-og-publikasjoner/_attachment/211307?_ts=14a38e530c0.
   Google Scholar
• Boltanski, L., & Chiapello, E. (2005). The new spirit of capitalism. Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Boltanski, L., & Thévenot, L. (1999). The sociology of critical capacity. European Journal of Social Theory, 2(3), 359–377. https://doi.org/10.1177/136843199002003010
   Google Scholar
• Boltanski, L., & Thévenot, L. (2006). On justification, economies of worth. Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bowker, G., & Star, S. L. (1999). Sorting things out: Classification and its consequences. MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bradshaw, M., & Stratford, E. (2010). Qualitative research design and rigour. In I. Hay (Ed.), Qualitative research methods in human geography (pp. 69–80). University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Braun, B. P. (2014). A new urban dispositif? Governing life in an age of climate change. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 32(1), 49–64. https://doi.org/10.1068/d4313
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulkeley, H., Castan Broto, V., & Edwards, G. (2015). An urban politics of climate change: Experimentation and the governing of socio-technical transitions. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bulkeley, H., McGuirk, P. M., & Dowling, R. (2016). Making a smart city for the smart grid? The urban material politics of actualising smart electricity networks. Environment and Planning A, 48(9), 1709–1726. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X16648152
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cancellieri, A. (2017). Towards a progressive home-making: The ambivalence of migrant’s experience in a multicultural condominium. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 32(1), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-015-9489-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cotton, M., & Devine-Wright, P. (2010). Making electricity networks “visible”: Industry actor representations of “publics” and public engagement in infrastructure planning. Public Understanding of Science, 21(1), 17–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662510362658
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darby, S. (2006). Social learning and public policy: Lessons from an energy-conscious village. Energy Policy, 34(17), 2929–2940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2005.04.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dell’Era, C., & Landoni, P. (2014). Living lab: A methodology between user-centred design and participatory design. Creativity and Innovation Management, 23(2), 137–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12061
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eurostat. (2019, May 21). Energy prices in 2018, Household energy prices in the EU increased compared with 2017, [News release]. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/9802432/8-21052019-AP-EN.pdf/7f42181d-d795-4ce1-9dde-ba93fe247166.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, J., & Karvonen, A. (2011). Living laboratories for sustainability: Exploring the politics and epistemology of urban transition. In H. Bulkeley, V. Castan Broto, M. Hodson, & S. Marvin (Eds.), Cities and low carbon transitions (pp. 126–141). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gabrys, J. (2014). Programming environments: Environmentality and citizen sensing in the smart city. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 32(1), 30–48. https://doi.org/10.1068/d16812
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gohari, S., Ahlers, D., Nielsen, B. F., & Junker, E. (2020). The governance approach of smart city initiatives. Evidence from Trondheim, Bergen, and Bodø. Infrastructures, 5(4), https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5040031
   Google Scholar
• Gullberg, A. T. (2013). The political feasibility of Norway as the ‘green battery’ of Europe. Energy Policy, 57, 615–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.02.037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haas, P. M. (1992). Epistemic communities and international policy coordination. International Organization, 46(1), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300001442. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2706951
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, M., & Borup, M. (2018). Smart grids and households: How are household consumers represented in experimental projects? Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 30(3), 255–267. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2017.1307955
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hargreaves, T., Nye, M., & Burgess, J. (2010). Making energy visible: A qualitative field study of how householders interact with feedback from smart energy monitors. Energy Policy, 38(10), 6111–6119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.05.068
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hargreaves, T., Wilson, C., & Hauxwell-Baldwin, R. (2017). Learning to live in a smart home. Building Research and Information, 46(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2017.1286882
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, A., & Moore, S. (2013). Planning histories and practices of circulating urban knowledge. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 37(5), 1499–509. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12043
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodson, M., Evans, J., & Schliwa, G. (2018). Conditioning experimentation: The struggle for place-based discretion in shaping urban infrastructures. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 36(8), 1480–1498. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399654418765480
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodson, M., & Marvin, S. (2009). Cities mediating technological transitions: Understanding visions, intermediation and consequences. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 21(4), 515–534. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537320902819213
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollands, R. G. (2008). Will the real smart city please stand up? Intelligent, progressive or entrepreneurial? City, 12(3), 303–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604810802479126
   Google Scholar
• Huber, M. (2015). Theorizing energy geographies. Geography Compass, 9(6), 327–338. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12214
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hui, A., & Walker, G. (2018). Concepts and methodologies for a new relational geography of energy demand: Social practices, doing-places and settings. Energy Research & Social Science, 36, 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2017.09.032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inderberg, T. H. (2015). Advanced metering policy development and influence structures: The case of Norway. Energy Policy, 81, 98–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2015.02.027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Introna, L. (2016). Algorithms, governance, and governmentality: On governing academic writing. Science, Technology, and Human Values, 41(1), 17–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243915587360
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irwin, A., & Wynne, B. (1996). Misunderstanding science? The public reconstruction of science and technology. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jasanoff, S. (2005). Designs on nature: Science and democracy in Europe and the United States. Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jasanoff, S., & Kim, S.-H. (2009). Containing the atom: Sociotechnical imaginaries and nuclear power in the United States and South Korea. Minerva, 47(2), 119–146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-009-9124-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jasanoff, S., & Kim, S.-H. (2013). Sociotechnical imaginaries and national energy policies. Science as Culture, 22(2)), https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2013.786990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JPI Urban Europe. (2019, January). Strategic research and innovation agenda 2.0. The Joint Programming Initiative Urban Europe. https://www.horizon-europe.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/2022-08/t-l-charger-le-sria-de-la-jpi-urban-europe-6895.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Karlstrøm, H., & Ryghaug, M. (2012). From user to consumer? How households’ use of electricity is affected by market deregulation and environmental concern. In Karlstrøm, H. (2012) Empowering Markets? The Construction and Maintenance of a Deregulated Market for Electricity in Norway. [Doctoral dissertation, NTNU]. NTNU-trykk.
   Google Scholar
• Karlstrøm, H., Sørensen, K. H., & Godbolt, L. (2012). Consumers as professional and political constructions. On the performativity of energy economics. In Karlstrøm, H. (2012) Empowering Markets? The Construction and Maintenance of a Deregulated Market for Electricity in Norway. [Doctoral dissertation, NTNU]. NTNU-trykk.
   Google Scholar
• Kitchin, R. (2014). The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism. GeoJournal, 79(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-013-9516-8
   Google Scholar
• Kjellevold, K. (2022a, April 5). Forteller om montører som møter trusler om at kniv og skytevåpen skal hentes. – Det er en trist utvikling. Bergens Tidende. https://www.bt.no/nyheter/okonomi/i/7dAyav/forteller-om-montoerer-som-moeter-trusler-om-at-kniv-og-skytevaapen-skal-hentes-det-er-en-trist-utvikling.
   Google Scholar
• Kjellevold, K. (2022b, October 13). BKK Nett mangler kontakt med 7000 målere – ber folk lese av strømmen selv, Bergens Tidende, https://www.bt.no/nyheter/lokalt/i/pQQ6oG/bkk-nett-mangler-kontakt-med-7000-maalere-ber-folk-lese-av-stroemmen-selv.
   Google Scholar
• Klauser, F., Paasche, T., & Söderstrøm, O. (2014). Michel Foucault and the smart city: Power dynamics inherent in contemporary governing through code. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 32(5), 869–885. https://doi.org/10.1068/d13041p
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latour, B. (1998). To modernize or to ecologize? That’s the question. In N. Castree, & B. Willems-Braun (Eds.), Remaking reality: Nature at the millenium (pp. 221–242). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Latour, B. (2005). Reassembling the social – An introduction to actor-network theory. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Luque-Ayala, A., & Marvin, M. (2015). Developing a critical understanding of smart urbanism? Urban Studies, 52(12), 2105–2116. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098015577319
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luque-Ayala, A., McFarlane, C., & Marvin, S. (2014). Smart urbanism: Cities, grids and alternatives? In M. Hodson, & S. Marvin (Eds.), After sustainable cities? (pp. 74–90). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Marvin, S., Chappells, H., & Guy, S. (1999). Pathways of smart metering development: Shaping environmental innovation. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 23(2), 109–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0198-9715(99)00011-3
   Google Scholar
• Mayhew, J., & Jahankhani, H. (2020). Combating domestic abuse inflicted in smart societies. In H. Jahankhani, S. Kendzierskyj, N. Chelvachandran, & J. Ibarra (Eds.), Cyber defence in the age of AI, smart societies and augmented humanity. Advanced sciences and technologies for security applications. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35746-7_16
   Google Scholar
• McGuirk, P., Bulkeley, H., & Dowling, R. (2016). Configuring urban carbon governance: Insights from Sydney, Australia. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 106(1), 145–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1084670
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGuirk, P., Bulkeley, H., & Dowling, R. (2021). Urban governance dispositifs: Cohering diverse ecologies of urban energy governance. Politics and Space C, 39(4), 759–780. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399654420957329
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mouffe, C. (2005). On the political. Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Nordic Smart City Network. (2019). Nordic Smart City Network, Smart City Bergen. https://nscn.eu/Bergen.
   Google Scholar
• Nowicka, M. (2006). Mobile locations: Construction of home in a group of mobile transnational professionals. Global Networks, 7(1), 69–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2006.00157.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oftebro, I. (2019, June 7). Nettselskap går til sak: Nekter å bytte strømmåler – må møte i retten. Teknisk Ukeblad. https://www.tu.no/artikler/nettselskap-gar-til-sak-nekter-a-bytte-strommaler-ma-mote-i-retten/466894.
   Google Scholar
• Oseland, S. E., & Haarstad, H. (2022). Displacing conflicting goals in planning for sustainability? Insights from three Norwegian cities. Planning Theory & Practice, 23(2), 233–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2022.2034924
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peck, J. (2011). Geographies of policy: From transfer-diffusion to mobility-mutation. Progress in Human Geography, 35(6), 773–797. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132510394010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peck, J., & Theodore, N. (2012). Follow the policy: A distended case approach. Environment and Planning A, 44(1), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1068/a44179
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prince, R. (2012). Policy transfer, consultants and the geographies of governance. Progress in Human Geography, 36(2), 188–203. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132511417659
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rommetveit, K., Ballo, I. F., & Sareen, S. (2021). Extracting users: Regimes of engagement in Norwegian smart energy transition. Science, Technology & Human Values, https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439211052867
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rommetveit, K., & Van Dijk, N. (2022). Privacy engineering and the techno-regulatory imaginary. Social Studies of Science, 52(6), 853–877. https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127221119424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rommetveit, K., van Djik, N., & Gunnarsdòttir, K. (2015). EPINET conceptual analysis: Integrated assessments in technoepistemic networks. [Discussion Paper], EPINET–Integrated Assessment of Societal Impacts of Emerging Science and Technology from within Epistemic Networks, FP7-SCIENCE-IN-SOCIETY-2011. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339955772.
   Google Scholar
• Rommetveit, K., van Djik, N., & Gunnarsdòttir, K. (2020). Make way for the robots! Human- and machine-centricity in constituting a European public-private partnership. Minerva, 58 (1), 47–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-019-09386-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rommetveit, K., & Wynne, B. (2017). Technoscience, imagined publics and public imaginations. Public Understanding of Science, 26(2), 133–147. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662516663057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutherford, J., & Coutard, O. (2014). Urban energy transitions: Places, processes and politics of sociotechnical change. Urban Studies, 51(7), 1353–1377. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013500090
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryghaug, M., Skjølsvold, T. M., & Heidenreich, S. (2018). Creating energy citizenship through material participation. Social Studies of Science, 48(2), 283–303. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312718770286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadowski, J., & Bendor, R. (2018). Selling smartness: Corporate narratives on the smart city as a sociotechnical imaginary. Science, Technology & Human Values, 44(3), 540–563. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243918806061
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shelton, T., Zook, M., & Wiig, A. (2015). The ‘actually existing smart city’. Cambridge Jourbal of Regions, Economy and Society, 8(1), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsu026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shove, E. (2003). Users, technologies and expectations of comfort, cleanliness and convenience. Innovation, 16(2), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610304521
   Google Scholar
• Shove, E., & Walker, G. (2014). What is energy for? Social practice and energy demand. Theory,Culture and Society, 31(5), 41–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276414536746
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silvast, A., Williams, R., Hyysalo, S., Rommetveit, K., & Raab, C. (2018). Who ‘uses’ smart grids? The evolving nature of user representations in layered infrastructures. Sustainability, 10(10), 3738. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103738
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simonsen, K. (2007). Practice, spatiality and embodied emotions: An outline of a geography of practice. Human Affairs, 17(2), 168–182. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10023-007-0015-8
   Google Scholar
• Skjølsvold, T. M., Jørgensen, S., & Ryghaug, M. (2017). Users, design and the role of feedback technologies in the Norwegian energy transition: An empirical study and some radical challenges. Energy Research & Social Science, 25, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2016.11.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skjølsvold, T. M., & Ryghaug, M. (2015). Embedding smart energy technology in built environments: A comparative study of four smart grid demonstration projects. Indoor and Built Environment, 24(7), 878–890. https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X15596210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Söderström, O., Paasche, T., & Klauser, F. (2014). Smart cities as corporate storytelling. City, 18(3), 307–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2014.906716
   Google Scholar
• Statnett. (2022, October 3). Fakta om prisområder. https://www.statnett.no/om-statnett/bli-bedre-kjent-med-statnett/om-strompriser/fakta-om-prisomrader/.
   Google Scholar
• Strengers, Y. (2008). Smart meter demand management programs: challenging the comfort and cleanliness habitus of households, Proceedings of the 20th Australiasian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Designing for Habitus and Habitat (OZCHI ‘08), USA (pp. 9–16). https://doi.org/10.1145/1517744.1517747.
   Google Scholar
• Strengers, Y. (2013). Smart energy technologies in everyday life: Smart utopia? Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Swyngedouw, E. (2007). The post-political city. In G. Boie, & M. Paywels (Eds.), Urban politics now. NAI.
   Google Scholar
• The Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy. (2012). Energiutredningen – verdiskaping, forsyningssikkerhet og miljø [White Paper]. (Norges offentlige utredninger 2012: 9). https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/nou-2012-9/id674092/.
   Google Scholar
• The Norwegian Parliament. (2018, October). Skriftlig spørsmål fra Åshild Bruun-Gundersen (FrP) til olje- og energiministeren, (Dok.nr. 15:169 (2018-2019)) https://www.stortinget.no/no/Saker-og-publikasjoner/Sporsmal/Skriftlige-sporsmal-og-svar/Skriftlig-sporsmal/?qid=73780.
   Google Scholar
• The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate. (2008, October). Avanserte måle- og styringssystem (AMS), Forslag til endringer i forskrift 11.mars 1999 nr. 301, Høringsdokument oktober 2008http://publikasjoner.nve.no/dokument/2008/dokument2008_12.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate. (2011, June). Avanserte måle- og styringssystemer, Oppsummering av høringsuttalelser og endelig forskrift, Dokument 7-2011. http://publikasjoner.nve.no/dokument/2011/dokument2011_07.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate. (2015a, October). AMS. https://www.nve.no/reguleringsmyndigheten/kunde/nett/ams/.
   Google Scholar
• The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate. (2015b, May). Høring om tariffer for uttak i distribusjonsnettet. http://publikasjoner.nve.no/hoeringsdokument/2015/hoeringsdokument2015_03.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate. (2019, April). Smarte målarar (AMS), Status for installasjon per 1.kvartal 2019. Sluttrapport. https://publikasjoner.nve.no/rapport/2019/rapport2019_24.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate. (2022, July). Ny nettleie fra 1.juli 2022. https://www.nve.no/reguleringsmyndigheten/kunde/nett/ny-nettleie-fra-1-juli-2022/.
   Google Scholar
• Thévenot, L. (2001). Pragmatic regimes governing the engagement with the world. In K. Knorr-Cetina, T. Schatzki, & E. von Savigny (Eds.), The practice turn in contemporary theory (pp. 64–82). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Thévenot, L., Moody, M., & Lafaye, C. (2000). Forms of valuing nature: Arguments and modes of justification in French and American environmental disputes. In M. Lamont, & L. Thévenot (Eds.), Rethinking comparative cultural sociology. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Thrift, N. (2014). The ‘sentient’ city and what it may portend. Big Data & Society, 1(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951714532241
   Google Scholar
• Throndsen, W. (2017). What do experts talk about when they talk about users? Expectations and imagined users in the smart grid. Energy Efficiency, 10 (2)(2), 283–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-016-9456-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torrens, J., & von Wirth, T. (2021). Experimentation or projectification of urban change? A critical appraisal and three steps forward. Urban Transformations, 3(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42854-021-00025-1
   Google Scholar
• Townsend, A. (2013). Smart cities: Big data, civic hackers and the quest for a New Utopia.
   Google Scholar
• Ulrichsen, H. (2019, November 23). Her er strømmåler motstanderne hos politiet: Anmelder Skagerak Nett for trusler. Tønsberg Blad. https://www.tb.no/skagerak-nett/strommalere/nyheter/her-er-strommaler-motstanderne-hos-politiet-anmelder-skagerak-nett-for-trusler/s/5-76-1181416.
   Google Scholar
• Vigsnæs, M. K. (2018, March 9). Nye smartmålere skaper debatt: - Vi vil ikke bli overvåket. https://www.nrk.no/norge/nye-smartmalere-skaper-debatt_-_-vi-vil-ikke-bli-overvaket-1.13951968.
   Google Scholar
• Viitanen, J., & Kingston, R. (2014). Smart cities and green growth: Outsourcing democratic and environmental resilience to the global technology sector. Environment and Planning A, 46(4), 803–819. https://doi.org/10.1068/a46242
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viseth, E. S. (2019). Stenger strømmen hos AMS-nekterne. https://www.tu.no/artikler/stenger-strommen-hos-ams-nekterne/465701.
   Google Scholar
• Voytenko, Y., Mccormick, K., Evans, J., & Schliwa, G. (2016). Urban living labs for sustainability and low carbon cities in Europe: Towards a research agenda. Journal of Cleaner Production, 123, 45–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.08.053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahlund, M., & Palm, J. (2022). The role of energy democracy and energy citizenship for participatory energy transitions: A comprehensive review. Energy Research & Social Science, 87, 102482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102482
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, G., Cass, N., Burningham, K., & Barnett, J. (2010). Renewable energy and sociotechnical change: Imagined subjectivities of ‘the public’ and their implications. Environment & Planning A, 42(4), 931–947. https://doi.org/10.1068/a41400
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallenborn, G., Orsini, M., & Vanhavebeke, J. (2011). Household appropriation of electricity monitors. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 35(2), 142–152. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2010.00985.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiig, Alan. (2015). IBM’s smart city as techno-utopian policy mobility. City, 19(2–3), 258–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2015.1016275
   Google Scholar