197
Views
69
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Miscellany

The contribution of the human medial temporal lobe to perception: Bridging the gap between animal and human studies

Pages 300-325 | Published online: 13 Oct 2011

References

References

  • Aggleton , JP and Brown , MW . 1999 . Episodic memory, amnesia and the hippocampal-anterior thalamic axis . Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 22 : 425 – 289 .
  • Alvarez , P , Zola-Morgan , S and Squire , LR . 1994 . The animal model of human amnesia: Long-term memory impaired and short-term memory intact . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA , 91 : 5637 – 5641 .
  • Baddeley , A , Vargha-Khadem , F and Mishkin , M . 2001 . Preserved recognition in a case of developmental amnesia: Implications for the acquisition of semantic memory? . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 13 : 357 – 369 .
  • Barense MD Bussey TJ Lee ACH Rogers TT Davies RR Saksida LM et al. 2005 Functional specialization in the human medial temporal lobe. Manuscript submitted for publication.
  • Bayley , PJ and Squire , LR . 2004 . Failure to acquire new semantic knowledge in patients with large medial temporal lobe lesions . Hippocampus , 15 : 273 – 280 .
  • Beatty , WW , Salmon , DP , Bernstein , N and Butters , N . 1987 . Remote memory in a patient with amnesia due to hypoxia . Psychological Medicine , 17 : 657 – 665 .
  • Bennett GK Seashore HG Wesman AG 1972 Differential aptitude test manual (5th ed.) New York Psychological Corporation
  • Benson , DF , Marsden , CD and Meadows , JC . 1974 . The amnesic syndrome of posterior cerebral artery occlusion . Acta Neurologica Scandinavica , 50 : 133 – 145 .
  • Benton AL Hamsher K Varney NR Spreen O 1983 Judgement of line orientation: Contributions to neuropsychological assessment New York Oxford University Press
  • Benton , AL and Van Allen , MW . 1968 . Impairment in facial recognition in patients with cerebral disease . Cortex , 4 : 344 – 358 .
  • Benzing , WC and Squire , LR . 1989 . Preserved learning and memory in amnesia: Intact adaptation-level effects and learning of stereoscopic depth . Behavioral Neuroscience , 103 : 538 – 547 .
  • Bohbot , VD , Iaria , G and Petrides , M . 2004 . Hippocampal function and spatial memory: Evidence from functional neuroimaging in healthy participants and performance of patients with medial temporal lobe resections . Neuropsychology , 18 : 418 – 425 .
  • Bohbot , VD , Kalina , M , Stepankova , K , Spackova , N , Petrides , M and Nadel , L . 1998 . Spatial memory deficits in patients with lesions to the right hippocampus and to the right parahippocampal cortex . Neuropsychologia , 36 : 1217 – 1238 .
  • Bright , P , Moss , HE , Stamatakis , EA and Tyler , LK . this issue . The anatomy of object processing: The role of anteromedial temporal cortex . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 58B : 361 – 377 .
  • Brown , MW and Aggleton , JP . 2001 . Recognition memory: What are the roles of the perirhinal cortex and hippocampus? . Nature Reviews Neuroscience , 2 : 51 – 61 .
  • Brown , MW , Wilson , FA and Riches , IP . 1987 . Neuronal evidence that inferomedial temporal cortex is more important than hippocampus in certain processes underlying recognition memory . Brain Research , 409 : 158 – 162 .
  • Brown , MW and Xiang , JZ . 1998 . Recognition memory: Neuronal substrates of the judgement of prior occur-rence . Progress in Neurobiology , 55 : 149 – 189 .
  • Buckley , MJ . this issue . The role of the perirhinal cortex, hippocampus in learning, memory, and perception. . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 58B : 246 – 268 .
  • Buckley , MJ , Booth , MC , Rolls , ET and Gaffan , D . 2001 . Selective perceptual impairments after perirhinal cortex ablation . Journal of Neuroscience , 21 : 9824 – 9836 .
  • Buckley , MJ , Charles , DP , Browning , PG and Gaffan , D . 2004 . Learning and retrieval of concurrently presented spatial discrimination tasks: Role of the fornix . Behavioral Neuroscience , 118 : 138 – 149 .
  • Buckley , MJ and Gaffan , D . 1997 . Learning and transfer of object-reward associations and the role of the perirhi-nal cortex . Behavioral Neuroscience , 112 : 1 – 9 .
  • Buckley , MJ , Gaffan , D and Murray , EA . 1997 . Functional double dissociation between two inferior temporal cortical areas: Perirhinal cortex versus middle temporal gyrus . Journal of Neurophysiology , 77 : 587 – 598 .
  • Buffalo , EA , Reber , PJ and Squire , LR . 1998 . The human perirhinal cortex and recognition memory . Hippocampus , 8 : 330 – 339 .
  • Burgess , N , Maguire , EA and O'Keefe , J . 2002 . The human hippocampus and spatial and episodic memory . Neuron , 35 : 625 – 641 .
  • Bussey , TJ and Saksida , LM . 2002 . The organization of visual object representations: A connectionist model of effects of lesions in perirhinal cortex . European Journal of Neuroscience , 15 : 355 – 364 .
  • Bussey , TJ , Saksida , LM and Murray , EA . 2002 . Perirhinal cortex resolves feature ambiguity in complex visual discriminations . European Journal of Neuroscience , 15 : 365 – 374 .
  • Bussey , TJ , Saksida , LM and Murray , EA . 2003 . Impairments in visual discrimination after perirhinal cortex lesions: Testing ‘declarative’ vs. ‘perceptual-mnemonic’ views of perirhinal cortex function . European Journal of Neuroscience , 17 : 649 – 660 .
  • Bussey , TJ , Saksida , LM and Murray , EA . this issue . The perceptual-mnemonic/feature conjunction model of perirhinal cortex function. . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 58B : 269 – 282 .
  • Cave , CB and Squire , LR . 1992a . Intact and long-lasting repetition priming in amnesia . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 18 : 509 – 520 .
  • Cave , CB and Squire , LR . 1992b . Intact verbal and nonverbal short-term memory following damage to the human hippocampus . Hippocampus , 2 : 151 – 163 .
  • Chan , D , Fox , NC , Scahill , RI , Crum , WR , Whitwell , JL Leschziner , G . 2001 . Patterns of temporal lobe atrophy in semantic dementia and Alzheimer's disease . Annals of Neurology , 49 : 433 – 442 .
  • Chun , MM and Phelps , EA . 1999 . Memory deficits for implicit contextual information in amnesic subjects with hippocampal damage . Nature Neuroscience , 2 : 844 – 847 .
  • Cipolotti , L , Shallice , T , Chan , D , Fox , N , Scahill , R Harrison , G . 2001 . Long-term retrograde amne-sia...the crucial role of the hippocampus . Neuropsychologia , 39 : 151 – 172 .
  • Cohen , NJ , Ryan , J , Hunt , C , Romine , L , Wszalek , T and Nash , C . 1999 . Hippocampal system and declarative (relational) memory: Summarizing the data from functional neuroimaging studies . Hippocampus , 9 : 83 – 98 .
  • Cummings , JL , Tomiyasu , U , Read , S and Benson , DF . 1984 . Amnesia with hippocampal lesions after cardiopulmonary arrest . Neurology , 34 : 679 – 687 .
  • Davies , RR , Graham , KS , Xuereb , JH , Williams , GB and Hodges , JR . 2004 . The human perirhinal cortex and semantic memory . European Journal of Neuroscience , 20 : 2441 – 2446 .
  • Davies , RR , Xuereb , JH and Hodges , JR . 2002 . The human perirhinal cortex in semantic memory: An in vivo and postmortem volumetric magnetic resonance imaging study in semantic dementia, Alzheimer's disease and matched controls . Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology , 28 : 167 – 168 .
  • Dejong , RN , Itabashi , HH and Olson , JR . 1969 . Memory loss due to hippocampal lesions . Archives of Neurology , 20 : 339 – 348 .
  • Duyckaerts , C , Derouesne , C , Signoret , JL , Gray , F , Escourolle , R and Castaigne , P . 1985 . Bilateral and limited amygdalohippocampal lesions causing a pure amnesic syndrome . Annals of Neurology , 18 : 314 – 319 .
  • Eacott , MJ , Gaffan , D and Murray , EA . 1994 . Preserved recognition memory for small sets, and impaired stimulus identification for large sets, following rhinal cortex ablations in monkeys . European Journal of Neuroscience , 6 : 1466 – 1478 .
  • Eichenbaum H Cohen NJ 2002 From conditioning to conscious recollection: Memory systems of the brain. Oxford UK Oxford University.
  • Eichenbaum , H , Otto , T and Cohen , NJ . 1994 . Two functional components of the hippocampal memory system . Behavioral and Brain Science , 17 : 449 – 518 .
  • Ekstrom , AD , Kahana , MJ , Caplan , JB , Fields , TA , Isham , EA Newman , EL . 2003 . Cellular networks underlying human spatial navigation . Nature , 425 : 184 – 188 .
  • Epstein , R , Harris , A , Stanley , D and Kanwisher , N . 1999 . The parahippocampal place area: Recognition, navigation, or encoding? . Neuron , 23 : 115 – 125 .
  • Eslinger , P . 1998 . Autobiographical memory after temporal lobe lesions . Neurocase , 4 : 481 – 495 .
  • Feigenbaum , JD and Morris , RG . 2004 . Allocentric versus egocentric spatial memory after unilateral temporal lobectomy in humans . Neuropsychology , 18 : 462 – 472 .
  • Fujii , T , Yamadori , A , Endo , K , Suzuki , K and Fukatsu , R . 1999 . Disproportionate retrograde amnesia in a patient with herpes simplex encephalitis . Cortex , 35 : 599 – 614 .
  • Gabrieli , JD , Cohen , NJ and Corkin , S . 1988 . The impaired learning of semantic knowledge following bilateral medial temporal-lobe resection . Brain and Cognition , 7 : 157 – 177 .
  • Gabrieli , JD , Corkin , S , Mickel , SF and Growdon , JH . 1993 . Intact acquisition and long-term retention of mirror-tracing skill in Alzheimer's disease and in global amnesia . Behavioral Neuroscience , 107 : 899 – 910 .
  • Gadian , DG , Aicardi , J , Watkins , KE , Porter , DA , Mishkin , M and Vargha-Khadem , F . 2000 . Developmental amnesia associated with early hypoxic-ischaemic injury . Brain , 123 ( 3 ) : 499 – 507 .
  • Gaffan , D . 2001 . What is a memory system? Horel's critique revisited . Behavioral Brain Research , 127 : 5 – 11 .
  • Gaffan , D , Parker , A and Easton , A . 2001 . Dense amnesia in the monkey after transection of fornix, amygdala and anterior temporal stem . Neuropsychologia , 39 : 51 – 70 .
  • Gage , P . 1985 . Preserved and impaired information processing in human bitemporal amnesiacs and their intrahu-man analogues . Journal of Mind and Behaviour , 6 : 515 – 551 .
  • Galton , CJ , Gomez-Anson , B , Antoun , N , Scheltens , P , Patterson , K Graves , M . 2001 . Temporal lobe rating scale: Application to Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 70 : 165 – 173 .
  • Galton , CJ , Patterson , K , Graham , K , Lambon-Ralph , MA , Williams , G Antoun , N . 2001 . Differing patterns of temporal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease and semantic dementia . Neurology , 57 : 216 – 225 .
  • Garrard , P , Perry , R and Hodges , JR . 1997 . Disorders of semantic memory . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 62 : 431 – 435 .
  • Giovanello , KS , Verfaellie , M and Keane , MM . 2003 . Disproportionate deficit in associative recognition relative to item recognition in global amnesia . Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience , 3 : 186 – 194 .
  • Gollin , ES . 1960 . Developmental studies of visual recognition of incomplete objects . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 11 : 289 – 298 .
  • Gottschaldt , K . 1929 . Über den Einfluss der Erfahrung auf die Wahrnehmung von Figuren . Psychologische Forschung , 12 : 1 – 87 .
  • Grady , CL , Haxby , JV , Horwitz , B , Sundaram , M , Berg , G Schapiro , M . 1988 . Longitudinal study of the early neuropsychological and cerebral metabolic changes in dementia of the Alzheimer type . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 10 : 576 – 596 .
  • Hampton , RR . this issue . Monkey perirhinal cortex is critical for visual memory, but not for visual perception: Re-examination of the behavioural evidence from monkeys. . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 58B : 283 – 299 .
  • Hampton , RR , Hampstead , BM and Murray , EA . 2004 . Selective hippocampal damage in rhesus monkeys impairs spatial memory in an open-field test . Hippocampus , 14 : 808 – 818 .
  • Henke , K , Kroll , NE , Behniea , H , Amaral , DG , Miller , MB Rafal , R . 1999 . Memory lost and regained following bilateral hippocampal damage . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 11 : 682 – 697 .
  • Henson , R . this issue . A mini-review of FMRI studies of human medical temporal lobe activity associated with recognition memory. . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 58B : 340 – 360 .
  • Hodges , JR and Patterson , K . 1995 . Is semantic memory consistently impaired early in the course of Alzheimer’s disease? Neuroanatomical and diagnostic implications . Neuropsychologia , 33 : 441 – 459 .
  • Hodges , JR , Patterson , K , Oxbury , S and Funnell , E . 1992 . Semantic dementia. Progressive fluent aphasia with temporal lobe atrophy . Brain , 115 ( 6 ) : 1783 – 1806 .
  • Holdstock , JS . this issue . The role of the human medial temporal lobe in object recognition, object discrimi-nation. . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 58B : 326 – 339 .
  • Holdstock , JS , Gutnikov , SA , Gaffan , D and Mayes , AR . 2000a . Perceptual and mnemonic matching-to-sample in humans: Contributions of the hippocampus, perirhinal and other medial temporal lobe cortices . Cortex , 36 : 301 – 322 .
  • Holdstock , JS , Mayes , AR , Cezayirli , E , Isaac , CL , Aggleton , JP and Roberts , N . 2000b . A comparison of egocentric and allocentric spatial memory in a patient with selective hippocampal damage . Neuropsychologia , 38 : 410 – 425 .
  • Holdstock , JS , Mayes , AR , Roberts , N , Cezayirli , E , Isaac , CL O'Reilly , RC . 2002 . Under what conditions is recognition spared relative to recall after selective hippocampal damage in humans? . Hippocampus , 12 : 341 – 351 .
  • Horel , JA . 1978 . The neuroanatomy of amnesia. A critique of the hippocampal memory hypothesis . Brain , 101 : 403 – 445 .
  • Hori , E , Tabuchi , E , Matsumura , N , Tamura , R , Eifuku , S Endo , S . 2003 . Representation of place by monkey hippocampal neurons in real and virtual translocation . Hippocampus , 13 : 190 – 196 .
  • Iverson SD 1977 Temporal lobe amnesia In C. W. M. Whitty & O. L. Zangwill (Eds.) Amnesia 136 182 Boston Butterworths
  • Kapur , N , Ellison , D , Parkin , AJ , Hunkin , NM , Burrows , E Sampson , SA . 1994 . Bilateral temporal lobe pathology with sparing of medial temporal lobe structures: Lesion profile and pattern of memory disor-der . Neuropsychologia , 32 : 23 – 38 .
  • Kartsounis , LD , Rudge , P and Stevens , JM . 1995 . Bilateral lesions of CA1 and CA2 fields of the hippocampus are sufficient to cause a severe amnesic syndrome in humans . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 59 : 95 – 98 .
  • King , JA , Burgess , N , Hartley , T , Vargha-Khadem , F and O'Keefe , J . 2002 . Human hippocampus and viewpoint dependence in spatial memory . Hippocampus , 12 : 811 – 820 .
  • King , JA , Trinkler , I , Hartley , T , Vargha-Khadem , F and Burgess , N . 2004 . The hippocampal role in spatial memory and the familiarity-recollection distinction: A case study . Neuropsychology , 18 : 405 – 417 .
  • Kitchener , EG , Hodges , JR and McCarthy , R . 1998 . Acquisition of post-morbid vocabulary and semantic facts in the absence of episodic memory . Brain , 121 ( 7 ) : 1313 – 1327 .
  • Lee ACH Buckley MJ Pegman SJ Spiers H Scahill VL Gaffan D et al. 2005a Specialisation in the medial temporal lobe for processing of objects and scenes. Manuscript submitted for publication.
  • Lee ACH Bussey TJ Murray EA Levi N Saksida LM Davies RR et al. 2005b Object and scene memory in semantic dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: A double dissociation. Manuscript in preparation.
  • Lee , AC , Bussey , TJ , Murray , EA , Saksida , LM , Epstein , RA Kapur , N . 2005c . Perceptual deficits in amnesia: Challenging the medial temporal lobe ‘mnemonic’ view . Neuropsychologia , 43 : 1 – 11 .
  • Levy , DA , Stark , CE and Squire , LR . 2004 . Intact conceptual priming in the absence of declarative memory . Psychology Science , 15 : 680 – 686 .
  • Li , L , Miller , EK and Desimone , R . 1993 . The representation of stimulus familiarity in anterior inferior tem-poral cortex . Journal of Neurophysiology , 69 : 1918 – 1929 .
  • Manns , JR , Hopkins , RO , Reed , JM , Kitchener , EG and Squire , LR . 2003a . Recognition memory and the human hippocampus . Neuron , 37 : 171 – 180 .
  • Manns , JR , Hopkins , RO and Squire , LR . 2003b . Semantic memory and the human hippocampus . Neuron , 38 : 127 – 133 .
  • Manns , JR and Squire , LR . 2001 . Perceptual learning, awareness, and the hippocampus . Hippocampus , 11 : 776 – 782 .
  • Mayes , AR , Holdstock , JS , Isaac , CL , Hunkin , NM and Roberts , N . 2002 . Relative sparing of item recognition memory in a patient with adult-onset damage limited to the hippocampus . Hippocampus , 12 : 325 – 340 .
  • Mayes , AR , Holdstock , JS , Isaac , CL , Montaldi , D , Grigor , J Gummer , A . 2004 . Associative recog-nition in a patient with selective hippocampal lesions and relatively normal item recognition . Hippocampus , 14 : 763 – 784 .
  • McKahnn , G , Drachman , D , Folstein , M , Katzman , R , Price , D and Stadlan , EM . 1984 . Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease . Neurology , 34 : 939 – 944 .
  • Milner , B , Corkin , S and Teuber , H-L . 1968 . Further analysis of the hippocampal amnesic syndrome: 14-year follow-up of HM . Neuropsychologia , 6 : 215 – 234 .
  • Mishkin , M . 1982 . A memory system in the monkey . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences , 298 : 83 – 95 .
  • Mishkin , M , Suzuki , WA , Gadian , DG and Vargha-Khadem , F . 1997 . Hierarchical organization of cognitive memory . Philosphical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences , 352 : 1461 – 1467 .
  • Muramoto , O , Kuru , Y , Sugishita , M and Toyokura , Y . 1979 . Pure memory loss with hippocampal lesions: A pneumoencephalographic study . Archives of Neurology , 36 : 54 – 56 .
  • Murray , EA and Bussey , TJ . 1999 . Perceptual-mnemonic functions of the perirhinal cortex . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 3 : 142 – 151 .
  • Murray , EA , Davidson , M , Gaffan , D , Olton , DS and Suomi , S . 1989 . Effects of fornix transection and cingulate cortical ablation on spatial memory in rhesus monkeys . Experimental Brain Research , 74 : 173 – 186 .
  • Musen , G and Squire , LR . 1992 . Nonverbal priming in amnesia . Memory & Cognition , 20 : 441 – 448 .
  • O'Keefe , J . 1976 . Place units in the hippocampus of the freely moving rat . Experimental Neurology , 51 : 78 – 109 .
  • O'Keefe , J . 1999 . Do hippocampal pyramidal cells signal non-spatial as well as spatial information? . Hippocampus , 9 : 352 – 364 .
  • O'Keefe , J and Burgess , N . 1996 . Geometric determinants of the place fields of hippocampal neurons . Nature , 381 : 425 – 428 .
  • O'Keefe , J , Burgess , N , Donnett , JG , Jeffery , KJ and Maguire , EA . 1998 . Place cells, navigational accuracy, and the human hippocampus . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences , 353 : 1333 – 1340 .
  • O'Keefe J Nadel L 1978 The hippocampus as a cognitive map. Oxford UK Clarendon Press.
  • Ono , T , Nakamura , K , Fukuda , M and Tamura , R . 1991 . Place recognition responses of neurons in monkey hippocampus . Neuroscience, Letters , 121 : 194 – 198 .
  • Ono , T , Nakamura , K , Nishijo , H and Eifuku , S . 1993 . Monkey hippocampal neurons related to spatial and nonspatial functions . Journal of Neurophysiology , 70 : 1516 – 1529 .
  • Osterrieth , PA . 1944 . Le test de copie d'une figure complexe . Archives de Psychologie , 30 : 205 – 220 .
  • Oxbury , S , Oxbury , J , Renowden , S , Squier , W and Carpenter , K . 1997 . Severe amnesia: An usual late compli-cation after temporal lobectomy . Neuropsychologia , 35 : 975 – 988 .
  • Perry , RJ and Hodges , JR . 1996 . Spectrum of memory dysfunction in degenerative disease . Current Opinion in Neurology , 9 : 281 – 285 .
  • Perry , RJ and Hodges , JR . 1999 . Attention and executive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. A critical review . Brain , 122 ( 3 ) : 383 – 404 .
  • Postle , BR and Corkin , S . 1998 . Impaired word-stem completion priming but intact perceptual identification priming with novel words: Evidence from the amnesic patient H.M . Neuropsychologia , 36 : 421 – 440 .
  • Ratcliff , G . 1979 . Spatial thought, mental rotation and the right cerebral hemisphere . Neuropsychologia , 17 : 49 – 54 .
  • Rempel-Clower , NL , Zola , SM , Squire , LR and Amaral , DG . 1996 . Three cases of enduring memory impairment after bilateral damage limited to the hippocampal formation . Journal of Neuroscience , 16 : 5233 – 5255 .
  • Scoville , WB and Milner , B . 1957 . Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions . Journal of Neurochemistry , 20 : 11 – 21 .
  • Sidman , M , Stoddard , LT and Mohr , JP . 1968 . Some additional quantitative observations of immediate memory . Neuropsychologia , 6 : 245 – 254 .
  • Snowden , J , Goulding , P and Neary , D . 1989 . Semantic dementia: A form of circumscribed cerebral atrophy . Behavioural Neurology , 2 : 167 – 182 .
  • Snowden J Neary D Mann D 1996 Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: Frontotemporal dementia, progressive aphasia, semantic dementia London Churchill Livingstone
  • Sobotka , S and Ringo , JL . 1993 . Investigation of long-term recognition and association memory in unit responses from inferotemporal cortex . Experimental Brain Research , 96 : 28 – 38 .
  • Sobotka , S and Ringo , JL . 1996 . Mnemonic responses of single units recorded from monkey inferotemporal cortex, accessed via transcommissural versus direct pathways: A dissociation between unit activity and behav-ior . Journal of Neuroscience , 16 : 4222 – 4230 .
  • Spiers , HJ , Burgess , N , Hartley , T , Vargha-Khadem , F and O'Keefe , J . 2001b . Bilateral hippocampal pathology impairs topographical and episodic memory but not visual pattern matching . Hippocampus , 11 : 715 – 725 .
  • Spiers , HJ , Maguire , EA and Burgess , N . 2001a . Hippocampal amnesia . Neurocase , 7 : 357 – 382 .
  • Squire , LR . 1993 . Cross-modal matching performance in amnesia . Neuropsychology , 7 : 375 – 384 .
  • Squire , LR . 2004 . Memory systems of the brain: a brief history and current perspective . Neurobiology Learning and Memory , 82 : 171 – 177 .
  • Squire , LR , Stark , CE and Clark , RE . 2004 . The medial temporal lobe . Annual Review of Neuroscience , 27 : 279 – 306 .
  • Squire , L and Zola-Morgan , S . 1991 . The medial temporal lobe memory system . Science , 253 : 1380 – 1386 .
  • Stark , CE and Squire , LR . 2000 . Intact visual perceptual discrimination in humans in the absence of perirhinal cortex . Learning & Memory , 7 : 273 – 278 .
  • Starr , A and Phillips , L . 1970 . Verbal and motor learning in the amnestic syndrome . Neuropsychologia , 8 : 75 – 88 .
  • Vargha-Khadem , F , Gadian , DG , Watkins , KE , Connelly , A , Van Paesschen , W and Mishkin , M . 1997 . Differential effects of early hippocampal pathology on episodic and semantic memory . Science , 277 : 376 – 380 .
  • Von Cramon , DY and Schuri , U . 1992 . The septo-hippocampal pathways and their relevance to human memory: A case report . Cortex , 28 : 411 – 422 .
  • Warrington , EK . 1975 . The selective impairment of semantic memory . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 27 : 635 – 657 .
  • Warrington EK James M 1991 The Visual Object and Space Perception battery. Bury St. Edmunds UK Thames Valley Test Company.
  • Welsh , KA , Butters , N , Hughes , JP , Mohs , RC and Heyman , A . 1992 . Detection and staging of dementia in Alzheimer's disease. Use of the neuropsychological measures developed for the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease . Archives of Neurology , 49 : 448 – 452 .
  • Wilson , MA and McNaughton , BL . 1993 . Dynamics of the hippocampal ensemble code for space . Science , 261 : 1055 – 1058 .
  • Woods , BT , Schoene , W and Kneisley , L . 1982 . Are hippocampal lesions sufficient to cause lasting amnesia? . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 45 : 243 – 247 .
  • Xiang , JZ and Brown , MW . 1998 . Differential neuronal encoding of novelty, familiarity and recency in regions of the anterior temporal lobe . Neuropharmacology , 37 : 657 – 676 .
  • Yonelinas , AP , Kroll , NE , Quamme , JR , Lazzara , MM , Sauve , MJ Widaman , KF . 2002 . Effects of extensive temporal lobe damage or mild hypoxia on recollection and familiarity . Nature Neuroscience , 5 : 1236 – 1241 .
  • Zola-Morgan , S , Squire , LR and Amaral , DG . 1986 . Human amnesia and the medial temporal region: Enduring memory impairment following a bilateral lesion limited to field CA1 of the hippocampus . Journal of Neuroscience , 6 : 2950 – 2967 .
  • Zola-Morgan , S , Squire , LR and Ramus , SJ . 1994 . Severity of memory impairment in monkeys as a function of locus and extent of damage within the medial temporal lobe memory system . Hippocampus , 5 : 232 – 239 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.