Harnessing the power of generations through participative strategy: a study on Malaysia Small Family Firms

References

• Aguinis, H., and E. F. Stone‐Romero. 1997. “Methodological Artifacts in Moderated Multiple Regression and Their Effects on Statistical Power.” Journal of Applied Psychology 82 (1): 192–206. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.1.192
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alonso-Dos-Santos, Ma D., and Llanos-Contreras, O. 2019. “Family Business Performance in a Post-Disaster Scenario: The Influence of Socioemotional Wealth Importance and Entrepreneurial Orientation.” Journal of Business Research 101: 492–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.12.057
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antoncic, Bostjan, and Robert D. Hisrich. 2004. “Corporate Entrepreneurship Contingencies and Organizational Wealth Creation.” Journal of Management Development 23 (6): 518–550. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710410541114
   Google Scholar
• Aronoff, C., J. Astrachan, D. Mendoza, and J. Ward. 2016. Making Sibling Teams Work: The Next Generation. Palgrave Macmillan, US: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Arregle, Jean‐Luc, Michael A. Hitt, David G. Sirmon, and Philippe Very. 2007. “The Development of Organizational Social Capital: Attributes of Family Firms*.” Journal of Management Studies 44 (1): 73–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00665.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arzubiaga, U., A. Maseda, and T. Iturralde. 2017. “Exploratory and Exploitative Innovation in Family Businesses: The Moderating Role of the Family Firm Image and Family Involvement in Top Management.” Review of Managerial Science 13 (1): 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-017-0239-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barney, Jay B. 1991. “Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage.” Advances in Strategic Management 17 (1): 203–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0742-3322(00)17018-4
   Google Scholar
• Barney, Jay B. 2001. “Resource-Based Theories of Competitive Advantage: A Ten-Year Retrospective on the Resource-Based View.” Journal of Management 27 (6): 643–650. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630102700602
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basco, R., F. Hernández-Perlines, and M. Rodríguez-García. 2019. “The Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Firm Performance: A Multigroup Analysis Comparing China, Mexico, and Spain.” Journal of Business Research 113: 409–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beckhard, R., and W. G. Dyer. 1983. “Managing Continuity in the Family-Owned Business.” Organizational Dynamics 12 (1): 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(83)90022-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Björnberg, A., and N. Nicholson. 2012. “Emotional Ownership: The Next Generation’s Relationship with the Family Firm.” Family Business Review 25 (4): 374–390. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511432471
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casillas, J. C., A. M. Moreno, and J. L. Barbero. 2011. “Entrepreneurial Orientation of Family Firms: Family and Environmental Dimensions.” Journal of Family Business Strategy 2 (2): 90–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2011.03.002
   Google Scholar
• Cherchem, N. 2017. “The Relationship between Organizational Culture and Entrepreneurial Orientation in Family Firms: Does Generational Involvement Matter?” Journal of Family Business Strategy 8 (2): 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2017.04.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chirico, F., D. G. Sirmon, S. Sciascia, and P. Mazzola. 2011a. “Resource Orchestration in Family Firms: Investigating How Entrepreneurial Orientation, Generational Involvement, and Participative Strategy Affect Performance.” Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 5 (4): 307–326. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.121
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chirico, F., D. G. Sirmon, S. Sciascia, and P. Mazzola. 2011b. “Entrepreneurial Orientation, Generational Involvement and Participative Strategy in Family Firms.” Academy of Management Proceedings 2011 (1): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2011.65870630
   Google Scholar
• Choonwoo, L., L. Kyungmook, and J. M. Pennings. 2001. “Internal Capabilities, External Networks, and Performance: A Study on Technology‐Based Ventures.” Strategic Management Journal 22 (6-7): 615–640. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.181
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chrisman, J. J., J. H. Chua, A. V. De Massis, F. Frattini, and M. Wright. 2014. “The Ability and Willingness Paradox in Family Firm Innovation.” Journal of Product Innovation Management 32 (3): 310–318. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12207
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chua, J. H., J. J. Chrisman, and P. Sharma. 1999. “Defining the Family Business by Behavior.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 23 (4): 19–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879902300402
   Google Scholar
• Combs, J. G., K. K. Shanine, S. Burrows, J. S. Allen, and T. W. Pounds. 2020. “What Do We Know about Business Families? Setting the Stage for Leveraging Family Science Theories.” Family Business Review 33 (1): 38–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486519863508
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corp, S. M. E, and SMECorp) Malaysia. 2021. (Malaysia SME Definitions. https://www.smecorp.gov.my/index.php/en/.
   Google Scholar
• Covin, J. G., and W. J. Wales. 2012. “The Measurement of Entrepreneurial Orientation.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 36 (4): 677–702. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00432.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz, C., and M. Nordqvist. 2010. “Entrepreneurial Orientation in Family Firms: A Generational Perspective.” Small Business Economics 38 (1): 33–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9265-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Allura, G. M. 2019. “The Leading Role of the Top Management Team in Understanding Family Firms: Past Research and Future Directions.” Journal of Family Business Strategy 10 (2): 87–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2018.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, P., and P. D. Harveston. 1999. “In the Founder’s Shadow: Conflict in the Family Firm.” Family Business Review 12 (4): 311–323. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1999.00311.x
   Google Scholar
• Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM). 2022. “Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Performance 2021.” Ministry of Economy. https://www.dosm.gov.my/portal-main/release-content/micro-small-&-medium-enterprises-msmes-performance-2021.
   Google Scholar
• Engelen, A., V. K. Gupta, L. S. Strenger, and M. Brettel. 2012. “Entrepreneurial Orientation, Firm Performance, and the Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership Behaviors.” Journal of Management 41 (4): 1069–1097. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206312455244
   Google Scholar
• Field, A. 2018. Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. 5th ed. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Freeman, R. E., S. D. Dmytriyev, and R. A. Phillips. 2021. “Stakeholder Theory and the Resource-Based View of the Firm.” Journal of Management 47 (7): 1757–1770. 014920632199357. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206321993576
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelman, A., and J. Hill. 2007. Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, A., Л. Мелин, and M. Nordqvist. 2001. “Entrepreneurship as Radical Change in the Family Business: Exploring the Role of Cultural Patterns.” Family Business Review 14 (3): 193–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2001.00193.x
   Google Scholar
• Hanifah, H., N. A. Halim, A. V. Zadeh, and K. Nawaser. 2021. “Effect of Intellectual Capital and Entrepreneurial Orientation on Innovation Performance of Manufacturing SMEs: Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing.” Journal of Intellectual Capital 23 (6): 1175–1198. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-06-2020-0186
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, M., and R. E. Evans. 1994. “Family Business and Multiple Levels of Conflict.” Family Business Review 7 (4): 331–348. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1994.00331.x
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. 2017. Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. New York: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Helfat, C. E., A. Kaul, D. J. Ketchen, J. B. Barney, O. Chatain, and H. Singh. 2023. “Renewing the Resource‐Based View: New Contexts, New Concepts, and New Methods.” Strategic Management Journal 44 (6): 1357–1390. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3500
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernández-Perlines, F., J. G. Covin, and D. R. Soriano. 2021. “Entrepreneurial Orientation, Concern for Socioemotional Wealth Preservation, and Family Firm Performance.” Journal of Business Research 126: 197–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.12.050
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandez-Perlines, Felipe, Domingo Ribeiro-Soriano, and Maria Rodríguez-García. 2020. “Transgenerational Innovation Capability in Family Firms.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 27ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print). (1): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-08-2019-0497
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofstede, G. 2001. “Cultures and Organizations: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations across Nations.” 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Hong, Q., and M. Freel. 2019. “Managing Family-Related Conflicts in Family Businesses: A Review and Research Agenda.” Family Business Review 33 (1): 90–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486519893223
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen, J., J. P. F. A. J. Van Den Bosch, and H. W. Volberda. 2005. “Managing Potential and Realized Absorptive Capacity: How Do Organizational Antecedents Matter?” Academy of Management Journal 48 (6): 999–1015. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2005.19573106
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jehn, K. A. 1995. “A Multimethod Examination of the Benefits and Detriments of Intragroup Conflict.” Administrative Science Quarterly 40 (2): 256–282. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393638
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, X., H. Liu, C. F. Fey, and F. Jiang. 2018. “Entrepreneurial Orientation, Network Resource Acquisition, and Firm Performance: A Network Approach.” Journal of Business Research 87 (June): 46–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.02.021
   Google Scholar
• Kallmuenzer, A., A. Strobl, and M. Peters. 2017. “Tweaking the Entrepreneurial Orientation–Performance Relationship in Family Firms: The Effect of Control Mechanisms and Family-Related Goals.” Review of Managerial Science 12 (4): 855–883. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-017-0231-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellermanns, F. W., and K. A. Eddleston. 2006. “Corporate Entrepreneurship in Family Firms: A Family Perspective.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 30 (6): 809–830. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00153.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KPMG. 2022. The Regenerative Power of Family Business: Transgenerational Entrepreneurship. KPMG. https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/my/pdf/benchmarking-reports-malaysia.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Kraus, S., J. P. C. Rigtering, M. Hughes, and V. Hosman. 2012. “Entrepreneurial Orientation and the Business Performance of SMEs: A Quantitative Study from The Netherlands.” Review of Managerial Science 6 (2): 161–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-011-0062-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristinae, V., R. Sambung, M. Meitiana, L. Mering, C. Dwiatmadja, and H. Tunjang. 2023. “Application of RBV Theory in Entrepreneurial Orientation, Dynamic Capability and Customer Relationship Management.” Uncertain Supply Chain Management 11 (2): 707–712. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2023.1.010
   Google Scholar
• Kubíček, A., and O. Machek. 2020. “Intrafamily Conflicts in Family Businesses: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Agenda for Future Research.” Family Business Review 33 (2): 194–227. 089448651989957. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486519899573
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, R. 2019. Research Methodology: A Step-By-Step Guide for Beginners. 5th ed. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Lawler, E. E. 1986. High-Involvement Management: Participative Strategies for Improving Organizational Performance. San Francisco; Oxford: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Lumpkin, G. T., and G. G. Dess. 1996. “Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It to Performance.” The Academy of Management Review 21 (1): 135–172. https://doi.org/10.2307/258632
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, D. 1983. “The Correlates of Entrepreneurship in Three Types of Firms.” Management Science 29 (7): 770–791. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.29.7.770
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, D., and I. L. Breton‐Miller. 2006. “Family Governance and Firm Performance: Agency, Stewardship, and Capabilities.” Family Business Review 19 (1): 73–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2006.00063.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno-Menéndez, Ana M., Unai Arzubiaga, Vanessa Díaz-Moriana, and José C. Casillas. 2022. “The Impact of a Crisis on Entrepreneurial Orientation of Family Firms: The Role of Organisational Decline and Generational Change.” International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 40 (4): 425–452. 026624262110366. https://doi.org/10.1177/02662426211036694
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordqvist, M., and T. Zellweger. 2010. “Transgenerational Entrepreneurship: Exploring Growth and Performance in Family Firms Across Generations.” Edward Elgar. https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BB03634313.
   Google Scholar
• Pardo‐del‐Val, M., C. Martínez‐Fuentes, and S. Roig‐Dobón. 2012. “Participative Management and Its Influence on Organizational Change.” Edited by Domingo Ribeiro Soriano.” Management Decision 50 (10): 1843–1860. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741211279639
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penrose, E. 1959. The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. Blackwell: OUP Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Poza, E. J., and M. S. Daugherty. 2018. Family Business. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
   Google Scholar
• PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). 2021. PwC’s Family Business Survey 2021 (the Malaysian Chapter). https://www.pwc.com/my/en/publications/2021/family-business-survey.html.
   Google Scholar
• Qiu, H., and M. Freel. 2019. “Managing Family-Related Conflicts in Family Businesses: A Review and Research Agenda.” Family Business Review 33 (1): 90–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486519893223
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rauch, Andreas, Johan Wiklund, G. T. Lumpkin, and Michael Frese. 2009. “Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance: An Assessment of past Research and Suggestions for the Future.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 33 (3): 761–787. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00308.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sciascia, S., P. Mazzola, and F. Chirico. 2012. “Generational Involvement in the Top Management Team of Family Firms: Exploring Nonlinear Effects on Entrepreneurial Orientation.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 37 (1): 69–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2012.00528.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shane, S., and S. Venkataraman. 2000. 2000. “The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research.” Academy of Management Review 25 (1): 217–226. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.2791611
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanley, L. J., R. Hernández‐Linares, M. C. López‐Fernández, and F. W. Kellermanns. 2019. “A Typology of Family Firms: An Investigation of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance.” Family Business Review 32 (2): 174–194. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486519838120
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swoboda, B., and E. Olejnik. 2016. “Linking Processes and Dynamic Capabilities of International SMEs: The Mediating Effect of International Entrepreneurial Orientation.” Journal of Small Business Management 54 (1): 139–161. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12135
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tipu, S. A. A. 2018. “What Have We Learned? Themes from the Literature on Organizational Culture in Family Firms.” European Business Review 30 (6): 660–675. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-02-2017-0042
   Google Scholar
• Wales, W. J., S. Kraus, M. Filser, C. Stöckmann, and J. G. Covin. 2020. “The Status Quo of Research on Entrepreneurial Orientation: Conversational Landmarks and Theoretical Scaffolding.” Journal of Business Research 128 (October): 564–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.10.046
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Q., H. Hou, and Z. Li. 2022. “Participative Leadership: A Literature Review and Prospects for Future Research.” Frontiers in Psychology 13 (1): 924357. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.924357
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Whiteside, M. F., and F. Brown. 1991. “Drawbacks of a Dual Systems Approach to Family Firms: Can We Expand Our Thinking?” Family Business Review 4 (4): 383–395. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1991.00383.x
   Google Scholar
• Wiklund, J. 1999. “The Sustainability of the Entrepreneurial Orientation—Performance Relationship.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 24 (1): 37–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879902400103
   Google Scholar
• Wiklund, J., and D. A. Shepherd. 2003. “Knowledge-Based Resources, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and the Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses.” Strategic Management Journal 24 (13): 1307–1314. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.360
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiklund, J., and D. A. Shepherd. 2005. “Entrepreneurial Orientation and Small Business Performance: A Configurational Approach.” Journal of Business Venturing 20 (1): 71–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2004.01.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, R. I. 2018. “Measuring Family Business Performance: Research Trends and Suggestions.” Journal of Family Business Management 8 (2): 146–168. https://doi.org/10.1108/jfbm-12-2017-0047
   Google Scholar
• Yan, H.-D, and F.-L. T. Yu. 2021. The Routledge Companion to Asian Family Business. Abingdon Oxon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Zahra, S. A. 2005. “Entrepreneurial Risk Taking in Family Firms.” Family Business Review 18 (1): 23–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2005.00028.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahra, S. A., J. C. Hayton, and C. Salvato. 2004. “Entrepreneurship in Family vs. Non-Family Firms: A Resource-Based Analysis of the Effect of Organizational Culture.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 28 (4): 363–381. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2004.00051.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar