References
- Allon, F., 2018. Money after blockchain: gold, decentralised politics and the new libertarianism. Australian feminist studies, 33 (96), 223–243.
- Anselmi, G., and Petrella, G., 2023. Non-fungible token artworks: more crypto than art? Finance research letters, 51, doi:10.1016/j.frl.2022.103473.
- Art Exchange. 2022. https://theart.exchange/#block-work.
- Artemundi. 2022. https://artemundi.com/.
- Artfinder. 2017. The artfinder independent art market report: 2017. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fozZCEKWffTzUmLz_kxnu8yApehOyYMf/view.
- Attlee, D. 2023. Sotheby’s sold $35 million worth of digital art in 2023. Cointelegraph, 25 December 2023. https://cointelegraph.com/news/sothebys-sold-35-million-digital-art-2023.
- Barabási, A. 2021. The art market often works in secret. Here’s a look inside. New York Times, 7 May 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/07/opinion/nft-art-market.html.
- Batycka, D. 2022. Metakoven and Twobadour joined forces to buy the $69.3 Million Beeple. Here’s what their split tells us about the future of the NFT market, Artnet.com, 6 September 2022. https://news.artnet.com/market/metakoven-and-twobadour-split-2152109.
- Baudrillard, J., 1994. Simulacra and simulation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
- Benzine, V. 2023. Sotheby’s blockchain Gen Art program shows tech taking a back seat to art. Cointelegraph, 25 July 2023. https://cointelegraph.com/news/sotheby-s-blockchain-gen-art-program-shows-tech-taking-a-back-seat-to-art.
- Berwick, A., and Howcroft, E. 2021. Christie’s: How an Indian metaverse king made his fortune. Reuters, 17 November 2021. https://www.reuters.com/article/finance-crypto-sundaresan/special-report-from-crypto-to-christies-how-an-indian-metaverse-king-made-his-fortune-idINL8N2S82TF/.
- Blur. 2023. How to earn royalties on Blur. Blog post 16 February 2023. https://mirror.xyz/blurdao.eth/vYOjzk4cQCQ7AtuJWWiZPoNZ04YKQmTMsos0NNq_hYs.
- Bourdieu, P., 1984. Distinction: a social critique of the judgement of taste, trans. Richard Nice. London and Melbourne: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
- Bourron, C. 2023. Comprehensive analysis of the trade of NFTs at major auction houses: from hype to reality. Arts, 12, 212. doi:10.3390/arts12050212.
- Brandom, R. 2021. Brian Eno is not a fan of NFTs. Verge, 20 December 2021. https://www.theverge.com/2021/12/20/22846654/brian-eno-nft-crypto-skeptical-morozov-suckers.
- Brandom, R. 2022. How one company took over the NFT trade. Verge, 2 February 2022. https://www.theverge.com/2022/2/2/22914081/open-sea-nft-marketplace-web3-fundraising-finzer-a16z.
- Brody, A., and Couture, S., 2021. Ideologies and imaginaries in blockchain communities: the case of Ethereum. Canadian journal of communication, 46 (3), 543–561.
- Brown, K., 2020. Disappearing acts: fictitious capital, aesthetic atheism, and the artworld. Journal of visual Art practice, 19 (3), 225–240.
- Brown, K., 2022. Art markets, epistemic authority and the institutional curation of knowledge. Cultural studies, 1–22. doi:10.1080/09502386.2022.2030777
- Castor, A. 2021. Metakovan, the mystery Beeple art buyer, and his NFT/DeFi scheme. https://amycastor.com/2021/03/14/metakovan-the-mystery-beeple-art-buyer-and-his-nft-defi-scheme/.
- Chainalysis. 2021. NFT market report preview. https://blog.chainalysis.com/reports/nft-market-report-preview-2021/.
- Chainalysis. 2022. Crime and NFTs: chainalysis detects significant washing trading and some money laundering in this emerging asset class. 2 February 2022. https://blog.chainalysis.com/reports/2022-crypto-crime-report-preview-nft-wash-trading-money-laundering/.
- Chiapello, E., 2015. Financialisation of valuation. Human studies, 38 (1), 13–35.
- CoinStats. 2024. Historical data for B20 token. Available from: https://coinstats.app/coins/b20/ [Accessed 20 January 2024].
- CryptoArt. 2022. https://cryptoart.io/data.
- DADA. 2024. https://creeps.dada.nyc/.
- DappRadar. 2022. Dapp Industry Report 2021. https://dappradar.com/blog/2021-dapp-industry-report.
- DappRadar. 2023. Dapp Industry Report 2022. https://dappradar.com/blog/dapp-industry-report-2022-dapp-industry-proves-resilient-in-crypto-winter/#The-State-of-the-NFT-Market:-a-review-of-on-chain-metrics,-blue-chip-collections,-and-leading-NFT-marketplaces.
- DappRadar. 2024. Dapp Industry Report 2023. https://dappradar.com/blog/dapp-industry-report-2023-defi-nft-web3-games.
- Davis, B. 2021. Inside the NFT rush: entrepreneurs promise NFTs will destroy the gatekeepers, while jockeying to become the new gatekeepers. Artnet, 25 November 2021. https://news.artnet.com/opinion/nft-rush-part-2-2039452.
- Deloitte. 2021. Art and finance report 2021, 7th edition. Available from: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/lu/Documents/financial-services/artandfinance/lu-art-finance-report-2021.pdf [Accessed January 5 2022].
- De Vynck, G., and MacMillan, D. 2021. He just spent $69 million on a digital piece of art. It’s not his first Beeple, Washington Post, 18 March 2021. https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/03/17/nft-beeple-metakovan-christies/.
- Duncan, C., 1993. Who rules the art world? In: C. Duncan, ed. The aesthetics of power. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 169–188.
- Dupont, Q., 2017. Experiments in algorithmic governance: a history and ethnography of “The DAO,” a failed decentralized autonomous organization. In: M. Campbell-Verduyn, ed. Bitcoin and beyond: cryptocurrencies, blockchains and global governance. London: Routledge, 157–176.
- DuPont, Q., 2019. Cryptocurrencies and blockchains. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.libproxy.wlu.ca/lib/oculwlu-ebooks/detail.action?docID = 5725376.
- Franceschi-Bicchierai, L. 2022. People can’t see some NFTs on Twitter, Crypto Wallets after OpenSea goes down. Vice, 20 January 2022. https://www.vice.com/en/article/g5qjej/people-cant-see-some-nfts-in-crypto-wallets-after-opensea-goes-down.
- Galloway, S. 2021. “Web3” posted on No Mercy/No Malice blog, https://www.profgalloway.com/web3/.
- Gao, J. 2023. OpenSea and Blur Compette for NFT Market Dominance through Creator Royalties. Dappradar, 20 February 2023. https://dappradar.com/blog/opensea-and-blur-compete-for-nft-market-dominance-through-creator-royalties.
- Gherghelas, S. 2023. Blur dominates 82% of the NFT lending market, DappRadar, 25 May 2023. https://dappradar.com/blog/blur-dominates-82-of-the-nft-lending-market.
- Ghilarducci, T. 2020. Most Americans don’t have a real stake in the stock market. Forbes, 31 August 2020. https://www.forbes.com/sites/teresaghilarducci/2020/08/31/most-americans-dont-have-a-real-stake-in-the-stock-market/?sh = 6a03013a1154.
- Goetzmann, W., Renneboog, L., and Spaenjers, C., 2011. Art and money. American economic review, 101 (3), 222–226.
- Haiven, M., 2018a. Participatory art within, against and beyond financialization: benign pessimism, tactical parasitics and the encrypted common. Cultural studies, 32 (4), 530–559.
- Haiven, M., 2018b. Art after money, money after art: creative strategies against financialization. London: Pluto Press.
- Halperin, J. 2015. Almost one third of solo shows in museums go to artists represented by five galleries. The Art Newspaper, 1 April 2015. https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2015/04/02/almost-one-third-of-solo-shows-in-us-museums-go-to-artists-represented-by-five-galleries.
- Harvey, D., 2005. A brief history of neoliberalism. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Haun, K., and Finzer, D. 2021. NFT use cases, today and tomorrow. A16z Podcast, 19 May 2021. https://a16z.com/2021/05/19/a16z-podcast-nft-use-cases-today-and-tomorrow/.
- Helgadottir, O., 2020. The new luxury freeports: offshore storage, tax avoidance, and ‘invisible’ art. Environment and planning A: economy and space, 0 (0), 1–21.
- Hu, E. 2022. Clever NFT traders exploit crypto’s unregulated landscape by wash trading on LooksRare. Cointelegraph, 30 January 2022. https://cointelegraph.com/news/clever-nft-traders-exploit-crypto-s-unregulated-landscape-by-wash-trading-on-looksrare.
- Ivanova, V., 2016. Contemporary art and financialization: two approaches. Finance and society, 2 (2), 127–137.
- Jenkins, B. 2016. This is not an artbook [e-book]. Toronto: Tennis. https://thisisnotanartbook.com/.
- Joseph, S. 2019. State of diversity and inclusion in blockchain. 23 December 2019. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a7f13828a02c7e2df8e6c68/t/5e00f58ccf118b46b6fbd32c/1577121230490/The+State+of+Diversity+and+Inclusion+in+Blockchain.pdf.
- Ko, H., and Lee, J., 2023. Non-fungible tokens: a hedge or a safe haven? Applied economics letters. doi:10.1080/13504851.2023.2182402.
- Lee, E., 2023. Creators take control: how NFTs revolutionize art, business, and entertainment. New York: Harper Business.
- Lutz, S. 2023. Blur Advises NFT Creataors to Block Opensea in Royalties Battle. Decrypt, 16 February 2023. https://decrypt.co/121450/blur-advises-nft-creators-to-block-opensea-in-royalties-battle.
- Marlinspike, M. 2022. My first impressions of Web3. https://moxie.org/2022/01/07/web3-first-impressions.html.
- Masterworks. 2020. https://www.masterworks.io/about/how-it-works.
- Maurer, B., Nelms, T.C., and Swartz, L., 2013. “When perhaps the real problem is money itself!”: the practical materiality of Bitcoin. Social semiotics, 23 (2), 261–277.
- Metapurse. 2021. What is Metapurse? https://metapurser.substack.com/p/nfts-the-first-5000-beeples?utm_source = url.
- Manoylov, M.K. 2022. Why NFT royalties are almost impossible to enforce on-chain. The Block, 21 October 2022. https://www.theblock.co/post/178603/why-nft-royalties-are-almost-impossible-to-enforce-on-chain.
- Murray, M., 2021. NFTs and the art world – what’s real, and what’s not. UCLA entertainment Law review, 29 (1), 25–58.
- Nadini, M., et al., 2021. Mapping the NFT revolution: market trends, trade networks and visual features. Nature scientific reports, 11, 20902. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-00053-8.
- Nasdaq. 2024. Nasdaq historical data. Available from: https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/cryptocurrency/eth/historical [Accessed 7 January 2024].
- Nonfungible.com. 2022. Q1 2022 NFT market report, https://www.slideshare.net/secret/zw9isU0mUwYh2.
- Nonfungible.com. 2023. NFT, art and royalties. Nonfungible.com, 14 September 2023. https://nonfungible.com/news/analysis/nft-art-and-royalties.
- Notaro, A., 2022. All that is solid melts in the Ethereum: the brave new (art) world of NFTS. Journal of visual practice, 21 (4), 359–382.
- Nguyen, J., 2022. Racial discrimination in non-fungible token (NFT) prices? Cryptopunk sales and skin tone. Economics letters, 218, 1–4.
- Palma, S. 2021. Crypto investor Vignesh Sundaresan: ‘It’s the NFT that changed the world’. Financial Times, 4 June 2021.
- Pew Research Center. 2020. Trends in income and wealth inequality. Available from: https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2020/01/09/trends-in-income-and-wealth-inequality/ [Accessed 12 January 2022].
- Polanyi, K., 1944. The great transformation. Boston: Beacon Press.
- Quarmby, B. 2022. OpenSea reverses limits on minting after community controversy. Cointelegraph, 28 January 2022. https://cointelegraph.com/news/opensea-reverses-limits-on-minting-after-community-backlash.
- Quiroz-Gutierrez, M. 2022. A man is suing OpenSea for $1 million over theft of this Bored Ape NFT. Fortune, 22 February 2022. https://fortune.com/2022/02/22/man-suing-opensea-nft-theft/.
- Racsko, P., 2019. Blockchain and democracy. Society and economy, 4 (3), 353–369.
- Rivers Ryan, T. 2021. Token Gesture. ArtForum, May 2021. https://www.artforum.com/print/202105/token-gesture-85475.
- Russell, F., 2022. NFTs and value. M/C journal, 25 (2), doi:10.5204/mcj.2863.
- Solana. 2023. Breakpoint 2023: how to store Solana NFTs on-chain – a brief overview. Solana Compass https://solanacompass.com/learn/breakpoint-23/breakpoint-2023-how-to-store-solana-nfts-on-chain-a-brief-overview.
- Stein, L. 2021. NFTs for charities – how tokens are raising money for non-profits, Yahoo Finance, 27 May 2021. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/nfts-charities-tokens-raising-money-170000189.html.
- Swartz, L., 2018. What was Bitcoin, what will it be? The economic imaginaries of a new money technology. Cultural studies, 32 (4), 623–650.
- Taylor, J., and Sloane, K., 2021. Art markets without art, art without objects. The garage journal: studies in art, museums and culture, 02, 152–175.
- Taylor, M., 2011. Financialization of art. Capitalism and society, 6 (2), 1–19.
- Thompson, C. 2022. OpenSea makes waves: says creator royalties will be enforced. Coindesk, 10 November 2022. https://www.coindesk.com/web3/2022/11/09/opensea-makes-waves-says-creator-royalties-will-be-enforced/.
- Transfer. 2024. https://transfergallery.com/about/.
- UNICEF. 2021. UNICEF to launch UN’s largest-ever NFT collection to mark 75th anniversary, UNICEF, 8 December 2021.
- Upton-Hansen, C., Kolbe, K., and Savage, M., 2021. An institutional politics of place: rethinking the critical function of art in times of growing inequality. Cultural sociology, 15 (2), 171–190.
- van Haaften-Schick, L., and Whitaker, A., 2022. From the artist’s contract to the blockchain ledger: new forms of artists’ funding using NFTs, fractional equity, and resale royalties. Journal of cultural economics, 46, 287–315.
- Vasan, K., Janosov, M., and Barabási, A.-L., 2022. Quantifying NFT-driven networks in crypto art. Scientific reports, 12 (2769), 1–12.
- Velie, E. 2023. What’s in store for NFTs in 2023? Hyperallergic, 3 January 2023. https://hyperallergic.com/784662/whats-in-store-for-nfts-in-2023/.
- Vijayakumaran, A. 2021. Democratizing NFTS: F-NFTs, DAOs and Securities Law. https://jolt.richmond.edu/2021/11/11/democratizing-nfts-f-nfts-daos-and-securities-law/.
- Walden, J. 2020. Progressive decentralization: a playbook for building crypto applications. 9 January 2020. https://a16z.com/2020/01/09/progressive-decentralization-crypto-product-management/.
- Whittingdon, R. 2023. Beeple collector Metakovan is suing Twobadour, claiming his ex-partner is falsely taking credit for buying the $69 Million NFT. Artnet.com, 20 June 2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/metakovan-suing-twobadour-beeple-nft-2324373.
- Zong, H., and Hamilton, M., 2023. Exploring gender and race biases in the NFT market. Finance research letters, 53, 1–10.
- Zorloni, A., and Ardizzo, A., 2016. The winner-take-all contemporary art market. Creative industries journal, 9 (1), 1–14.