Relationships between climate change distress, generalized anxiety, and climate-related symptoms of mental disorders

References

• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: Author. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm05
   Google Scholar
• Atkins, D. C., & Gallop, R. J. (2007). Rethinking how family researchers model infrequent outcomes: A tutorial on count regression and zero-inflated models. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(4), 726–735. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.21.4.726
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouman, T., Verschoor, M., Albers, C. J., Böhm, G., Fisher, S. D., Poortinga, W., Whitmarsh, L., & Steg, L. (2020). When worry about climate change leads to climate action: How values, worry and personal responsibility relate to various climate actions. Global Environmental Change, 62, 102061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102061
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clayton, S. (2020). Climate anxiety: Psychological responses to climate change. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 74, 102263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clayton, S., & Karazsia, B. T. (2020). Development and validation of a measure of climate change anxiety. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 69, 101434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101434
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clayton, S., Manning, C., Krygsman, K., & Speiser, M. (2017). Mental health and our changing climate: Impacts, implications, and guidance. https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2017/03/mental-health-climate.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Cypryańska, M., & Nezlek, J. B. (2020). Anxiety as a mediator of relationships between perceptions of the threat of COVID-19 and coping behaviors during the onset of the pandemic in Poland. PLoS One, 15(10), e0241464. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doyle, S. R. (2009). Examples of computing power for zero-inflated and overdispersed count data. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 8(2), 360–376. https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1257033720
   Google Scholar
• Horwitz, A. V. (2007). Distinguishing distress from disorder as psychological outcomes of stressful social arrangements. Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine, 11(3), 273–289. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363459307077541
   Google Scholar
• Kalin, N. H. (2020). The critical relationship between anxiety and depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 177(5), 365–367. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20030305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. J., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L. T., Walters, E. E., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959–976. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291702006074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler, R. C., Green, J. G., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Bromet, E., Cuitan, M., Furukawa, T. A., Gureje, O., Hinkov, H., Hu, C.-Y., Lara, C., Lee, S., Mneimneh, Z., Myer, L., Oakley-Browne, M., Posada-Villa, J., Sagar, R., Viana, M. C., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2010). Screening for serious mental illness in the general population with the K6 screening scale: Results from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) survey initiative. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 19(S1), 4–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maloney, E. K., Lapinski, M. K., & Witte, K. (2011). Fear appeals and persuasion: A review and update of the extended parallel process model. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(4), 206–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00341.x
   Google Scholar
• McBride, S. E., Hammond, M. D., Sibley, C. G., & Milfont, T. L. (2021). Longitudinal relations between climate change concern and psychological wellbeing. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 78, 101713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101713
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minor, K., Agneman, G., Davidsen, N., Kleemann, N., Markussen, U., Olsen, A., Lassen, D. D., & Rosing, M. T. (2019). Greenlandic perpsectives on climate change 2018-2019: Results from a national survey. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3667214.
   Google Scholar
• Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2017). Mplus user’s guide (8th ed.). Muthén & Muthén.
   Google Scholar
• Ojala, M., Cunsolo, A., Ogunbode, C. A., & Middleton, J. (2021). Anxiety, worry, and grief in a time of environmental and climate crisis: A narrative review. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 46(1), 35–58. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-022716
   Google Scholar
• Pihkala, P. (2020). Anxiety and the ecological crisis: An analysis of eco-anxiety and climate anxiety. Sustainability, 12(19), 7836. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12197836
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reser, J. P., Pidgeon, N., Spence, A., Bradley, G., Glendon, A. I., & Ellul, M. (2012). Public risk perceptions, understandings, and responses to climate change in Australia and Great Britain. National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility.
   Google Scholar
• Searle, K., & Gow, K. (2010). Do concerns about climate change lead to distress? International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 2(4), 362–379. https://doi.org/10.1108/17568691011089891
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092–1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanley, S. K., Hogg, T. L., Leviston, Z., & Walker, I. (2021). From anger to action: Differential impacts of eco-anxiety, eco-depression, and eco-anger on climate action and wellbeing. The Journal of Climate Change and Health, 1, 100003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2021.100003
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, A. E. (2021). Psychometric properties of the climate change worry scale. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 494. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020494
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van de Velde, S., Levecque, K., & Bracke, P. (2009). Measurement equivalence of the CES-D 8 in the general population in Belgium: A gender perspective. Archives of Public Health, 67(1), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.1186/0778-7367-67-1-15
   Google Scholar
• Verplanken, B., Marks, E., & Dobromir, A. I. (2020). On the nature of eco-anxiety: How constructive or unconstructive is habitual worry about global warming? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 72, 101528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101528
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verplanken, B., & Roy, D. (2013). “My worries are rational, climate change is not”: Habitual ecological worrying is an adaptive response. PLoS One, 8(9), e74708. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2019). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.). Author, https://icd.who.int/.
   Google Scholar