Nerve transfer for upper extremity reanimation in people with spinal cord injury: A 2-year follow-up case series

References

• Bickenbach, Jerome, Officer, Alana, Shakespeare, Tom, von Groote, Per, World Health Organization et al. International perspectives on spinal cord injury / edited by Jerome Bickenbach … [et al]. World Health Organization; 2006. [accessed 2014 March 11] https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/94190/9789241564663_eng.pdf?sequence = 1&isAllowed = y.
   Google Scholar
• Ferro S, Cecconi L, Bonavita J, Pagliacci MC, Biggeri A, Franceschini M. Incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury in Italy during 2013-2014: A population-based study. Spin Cord 2017;55(12):1103–1107. doi:10.1038/sc.2017.88. Epub 2017 Sep 5. PMID: 28872148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson KD. Targeting recovery: Priorities of the spinal cord-injured population. J Neurotrau 2004;21(10):1371–1383. doi:10.1089/neu.2004.21.1371. PMID: 15672628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snoek GJ, IJzerman MJ, Hermens HJ, Maxwell D, Biering-Sorensen F. Survey of the needs of patients with spinal cord injury: impact and priority for improvement in hand function in tetraplegics. Spin Cord 2004;42(9):526–532. PMID: 15224087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn JA, Sinnott KA, Rothwell AG, Mohammed KD, Simcock JW. Tendon transfer surgery for people with tetraplegia: An overview. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 2016;97(6 Suppl):SS75–SS80. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2016.01.034. PMID: 27233594.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bednar MS. Tendon transfers for tetraplegia. Hand Clin 2016;32(3):389–396. PMID: 27387082.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fridén J, Gohritz A. Tetraplegia management update. J Hand Surg 2015;40(12):2489–2500. PMID: 26537454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cain SA, Gohritz A, Fridén J, van Zyl N. Review of upper extremity nerve transfer in cervical spinal cord injury. J Brach Plex Peripher Nerve Inj. 2015;10(1):e34–e42. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1558427. PMID: 27917237; PMCID: PMC5023083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray WZ, Chang J, Hawasli A, Wilson TJ, Yang L. Motor nerve transfers. Neurosurgery 2016;78(1):1–26. PMID: 26397751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalifeh JM, Dibble CF, Van Voorhis A, Doering M, Boyer MI, Mahan MA, Wilson TJ, Midha R, Yang LJS, Ray WZ. Nerve transfers in the upper extremity following cervical spinal cord injury. Part 1: Systematic review of the literature. J Neurosur: Spine. 2019;31:629–640. doi:10.3171/2019.4.SPINE19173. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 31299644.
   Google Scholar
• Senjaya F, Midha R. Nerve transfer strategies for spinal cord injury. World Neurosur 2013;80(6):e319–e326. Epub 2012 Oct 5. PMID: 23043992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertelli JA, Ghizoni MF. Single-stage surgery combining nerve and tendon transfers for bilateral upper limb reconstruction in a tetraplegic patient: case report. J Hand Surg 2013;38(7):1366–1369. Epub 2013 Jun 7. PMID: 23751324.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Zyl N, Hill B, Cooper C, Hahn J, Galea MP. Expanding traditional tendon-based techniques with nerve transfers for the restoration of upper limb function in tetraplegia: a prospective case series. Lancet 2019;394(10198):565–575. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31143-2. Epub 2019 Jul 4. PMID: 31280969.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertelli JA, Tacca CP, Ghizoni MF, Kechele PR, Santos MA. Transfer of supinator motor branches to the posterior interosseous nerve to reconstruct thumb and finger extension in tetraplegia: Case report. J Hand Surg 2010;35(10):1647–1651. PMID: 20888500.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bertelli JA, Ghizoni MF, Tacca CP. Transfer of the teres minor motor branch for triceps reinnervation in tetraplegia. J Neurosurg 2011;114(5):1457–1460. Epub 2011 Jan 21. PMID: 21250798.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertelli JA, Ghizoni MF. Nerve transfers for restoration of finger flexion in patients with tetraplegia. J Neurosurg: Spine 2017;26(1):55–61. Epub 2016 Aug 5. PMID: 27494781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertelli JA, Mendes Lehm VL, Tacca CP, Winkelmann Duarte EC, Ghizoni MF, Duarte H. Transfer of the distal terminal motor branch of the extensor carpi radialis brevis to the nerve of the flexor pollicis longus. Neurosurgery 2012 Apr;70(4):1011–1016. doi:10.1227/NEU.0b013e3182367642. PMID: 22426046.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertelli JA, Ghizoni MF. Nerve transfers for elbow and finger extension reconstruction in midcervical spinal cord injuries. J Neurosurg. 2015;122(1):121–127. doi:10.3171/2014.8.JNS14277. PMID: 25343189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertelli JA, Ghizoni MF. Nerve transfers for restoration of finger flexion in patients with tetraplegia. J Neurosurg: Spine 2017;26(1):55–61. doi:10.3171/2016.5.SPINE151544. Epub 2016 Aug 5. PMID: 27494781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackinnon SE, Yee A, Ray WZ. Nerve transfers for the restoration of hand function after spinal cord injury. J Neurosur 2012;117(1):176–185. doi:10.3171/2012.3.JNS12328. Epub 2012 May 15. PMID: 22587551.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fridén J, Gohritz A. Brachialis-to-extensor carpi radialis longus selective nerve transfer to restore wrist extension in tetraplegia: case report. J Hand Surg 2012;37(8):1606–1608. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2012.05.005. Epub 2012 Jun 30. PMID: 22749482.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fox IK. Nerve transfers in tetraplegia. Hand Clin 2016;32(2):227–242. doi:10.1016/j.hcl.2015.12.013. Epub 2016 Mar 10. PMID: 27094894.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacco C, Olivi S, Visani J, Donati R, Veronesi V, Mencarani C, Capone C, Bizzocchi G, Kiekens C, De Bonis P, Scerrati A, Staffa G. Functional outcome after transfer of brachialis on anterior interosseous and supinator on posterior interosseous nerves: A preliminary report. Microsurgery. 2022;42(6):577–585. doi:10.1002/micr.30891. Epub 2022 Apr 28. PMID: 35484858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI (ISNCSCI). Worksheet [accessed 2024 March 11] https://asia-spinalinjury.org/international-standards-neurological-classification-sci-isncsci-worksheet/.
   Google Scholar
• Moberg E, McDowell CL, House JH. Third international conference on surgical rehabilitation of the upper limb in tetraplegia (quadriplegia). J Hand Surg 1989;14(6):1064–1066. doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(89)80064-4. PMID: 2584649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peripheral nerve injuries M.R.C. special report, Series No. 282. Postgrad Med J. 1955 Apr;31(354):198. PMCID: PMC2500555.
   Google Scholar
• van Zyl N, Hahn JB, Cooper CA, Weymouth MD, Flood SJ, Galea MP. Upper limb reinnervation in C6 tetraplegia using a triple nerve transfer: Case report. J Hand Surg. 2014;39(9):1779–1783. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.06.017. Epub 2014 Jul 23. PMID: 25063391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn J, Cooper C, Flood S, Weymouth M, van Zyl N. Rehabilitation of supinator nerve to posterior interosseous nerve transfer in individuals With tetraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2016;97(6 Suppl):SS160–8. doi:10.1016/j.apmr. PMID: 27233591.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalsi-Ryan S, Beaton D, Curt A, Duff S, Popovic MR, Rudhe C, Fehlings MG, Verrier MC. The graded redefined assessment of strength sensibility and prehension: Reliability and validity. J Neurotrauma 2012;29(5):905–914. doi:10.1089/neu.2010.1504. Epub 2011 Aug 12. PMID: 21568688.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catz A, Itzkovich M, Agranov E, Ring H, Tamir A. SCIM – spinal cord independence measure: A new disability scale for patients with spinal cord lesions. Spin Cord 1997;35(12):850–856. doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3100504. PMID: 9429264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Invernizzi M, Carda S, Milani P, Mattana F, Fletzer D, Iolascon G, Gimigliano F, Cisari C. Development and validation of the Italian version of the spinal cord independence measure III. Dis Rehab 2010;32(14):1194–1203. doi:10.3109/09638280903437246. PMID: 20131944.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scivoletto G, Tamburella F, Laurenza L, Molinari M. The spinal cord independence measure: How much change is clinically significant for spinal cord injury subjects. Dis Rehab 2013;35(21):1808–1813. doi:10.3109/09638288.2012.756942. Epub 2013 Jan 24. PMID: 23343359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coulet B, Allieu Y, Chammas M. Injured metamere and functional surgery of the tetraplegic upper limb. Hand Clin 2002;18(3):399–412. doi:10.1016/s0749-0712(02)00020-3. PMID: 12474592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryden AM, Hoyen HA, Keith MW, Mejia M, Kilgore KL, Nemunaitis GA. Upper extremity assessment in tetraplegia: The importance of differentiating between upper and lower motor neuron paralysis. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2016;97(6 Suppl):S97–S104. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2015.11.021. PMID: 27233597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox IK, Novak CB, Krauss EM, Hoben GM, Zaidman CM, Ruvinskaya R, Juknis N, Winter AC, Mackinnon SE. The Use of nerve transfers to restore upper extremity function in cervical spinal cord injury. PM&R 2018;10(11):1173–1184. Epub 2018 Mar 15. PMID: 29551672.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalifeh JM, Dibble CF, Van Voorhis A, Doering M, Boyer MI, Mahan MA, Wilson TJ, Midha R, Yang LJS, Ray WZ. Nerve transfers in the upper extremity following cervical spinal cord injury. Part 2: Preliminary results of a prospective clinical trial. J Neurosurg: Spine 2019;31:641–653. doi:10.3171/2019.4.SPINE19399. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 31299645.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javeed S, Dibble CF, Greenberg JK, Zhang JK, Khalifeh JM, Park Y, Wilson TJ, Zager EL, Faraji AH, Mahan MA, et al. Upper limb nerve transfer surgery in patients with tetraplegia. JAMA Network Open 2022;5(11):e2243890. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.43890. PMID: 36441549; PMCID: PMC9706368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castanov V, Berger M, Ritsma B, Trier J, Hendry JM. Optimizing the timing of peripheral nerve transfers for functional Re-animation in cervical spinal cord injury: A conceptual framework. J Neurotrauma 2021;38(24):3365–3375. doi:10.1089/neu.2021.0247. PMID: 34715742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverman J, Dengler J, Song C, Robinson LR. Preoperative electrodiagnostic planning for upper limb peripheral nerve transfers in cervical spinal cord injury: A narrative review. PM&R. 2023;15(6):790–799. doi:10.1002/pmrj.12868. Epub 2022 Aug 27. PMID: 35726540.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger MJ, Dengler J, Westman A, Curt A, Schubert M, Abel R, Weidner N, Röhrich F, Fox IK. Nerve transfer after cervical spinal cord injury: Who Has a “time sensitive” injury based on electrodiagnostic findings? Arc Phys Med Rehab. 2024;105(4):682–689. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2023.11.003 Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37979641.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jain NS, Hill EJR, Zaidman CM, Novak CB, Hunter DA, Juknis N, Ruvinskaya R, Kennedy CR, Vetter J, Mackinnon SE, Fox IK. Evaluation for late nerve transfer surgery in spinal cord injury: Predicting the degree of lower motor neuron injury. J Hand Surg. 2020 Feb;45(2):95–103. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2019.11.003. Epub 2019 Dec 20. PMID: 31866150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn JA, Mohammed KD, Beadel GP, Rothwell AG, Simcock JW. A comparative outcome study of hamstring versus tibialis anterior and synthetic grafts for deltoid to triceps transfers. J Hand Surg. 2017;42(10):833. e1. e1-833.e9. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2017.05.013. Epub 2017 Jun 9. PMID: 28606436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch-Borner S, Dunn JA, Fridén J, Wangdell J. Rehabilitation after posterior deltoid to triceps transfer in tetraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 2016;97(6 Suppl):SS126–SS135. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2016.01.037. PMID: 27233587.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn JA, Koch-Borner S, Johanson ME, Wangdell J. Toward consensus in assessing upper limb muscle strength and pinch and grip strength in people with tetraplegia having upper limb reconstructions. Top Spin Cord Inj Rehab 2021;27(3):70–82. doi:10.46292/sci20-00012. Epub 2021 Apr 30. PMID: 34456548; PMCID: PMC8370705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar