Space, the universe and everything: listening to visitors to the Luxmuralis son et lumiere installation at Liverpool Cathedral in 2022

References

• Allport, G. W., and J. M. Ross. 1967. “Personal Religious Orientation and Prejudice.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 5:432–443. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0021212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ap Siôn, T. 2015a. “Applying and Testing the ap Siôn Analytic Framework for Intercessory Prayer (apSAFIP): Exploring Prayer Requests Left in an English Cathedral.” In A Sociology of Prayer, edited by L. Woodhead and G. Giordan, 169–189. Farnham: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• ap Siôn, T. 2015b. “Ministry of the Cathedral Prayer Board: Studying Ordinary Prayer.” In Anglican Cathedrals in Modern Life: The Science of Cathedral Studies, edited by L. J. Francis, 131–153. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137559319_7.
   Google Scholar
• Archbishops’ Commission on Cathedrals. 1994. Heritage and Renewal. London: Church House Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Bailey, E. I. 1997. Implicit Religion in Contemporary Society. Kampen: Netherlands, Kok Pharos.
   Google Scholar
• Bailey, E. I. 1998. Implicit Religion: An Introduction. London: Middlesex University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bailey, E. I., ed. 2002. The Secular Quest for Meaning in Life: Denton Papers in Implicit Religion. New York: The Edwin Mellon Press Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Batson, C. D., and W. L. Ventis. 1982. The Religious Experience: A Social Psychological Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Burton, L. 2015. “Encountering Ordinary Visitors Through Cathedral visitors’ Books.” In Anglican Cathedrals in Modern Life: The Science of Cathedral Studies, edited by L. J. Francis, 155–170. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137559319_8.
   Google Scholar
• Church of England. 2019. Cathedral Statistics 2018. London: Church of England.
   Google Scholar
• Ecorys. 2014. “The Economic and Social Impacts of England’s Cathedrals.” https://www.englishcathedrals.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/economic-social-impacts-englands-cathedrals-2.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ecorys. 2021. “The Economic and Social Impacts of England’s Cathedrals.” https://www.englishcathedrals.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Economic-Social-Impacts-of-Englands-Cathedrals-Case-Studies-2019.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher, J. W. 1998. “Spiritual health: Its nature, and place in the school curriculum.” Unpublished PhD diss., The University of Melbourne. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/achieve/00002994/.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher, J. W. 2004. “Feeling Good, Living Life: A Spiritual Health Measure for Young Children.” Journal of Beliefs & Values 25 (3): 307–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/1361767042000306121.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher, J. W. 2010. “Development and Application of a Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire Called SHALOM.” Religions 1: 105–121. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel1010105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher, J. W. 2011. “The Four Domains Model: Connecting Spirituality, Health and Well-Being.” Religions 2 (1): 17–28. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel2010017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher, J. W. 2016. “Selecting the Best Version of SHALOM to Assess Spiritual Wellbeing.” Religions 7 (5): 45–47. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel7050045.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher, J. W., L. J. Francis, and P. Johnson. 2000. “Assessing Spiritual Health via Four Domains of Spiritual Wellbeing: The SH4DI.” Pastoral Psychology 49 (2): 133–145. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004609227002.
   Google Scholar
• Francis, L. J. 2005. Faith and Psychology: Personality, Religion and the Individual. London: Darton, Longman and Todd.
   Google Scholar
• Francis, L. J. 2007. “Introducing the New Indices of Religious Orientation (NIRO): Conceptualisation and Measurement.” Mental Health, Religion and Culture 10 (6): 585–602. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674670601035510.
   Google Scholar
• Francis, L. J., J. Annis, and M. Robbins. 2015. “The Spiritual Revolution and the Spiritual Quest of Cathedral Visitors.” In Anglican Cathedrals in Modern Life: The Science of Cathedral Studies, edited by L. J. Francis, 171–187. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137559319_9.
   Google Scholar
• Francis, L. J., J. Annis, M. Robbins, T. ap Siôn, and E. Williams. 2012. “National Heritage and Spiritual Awareness: A Study in Psychological Type Theory Among Visitors to St Davids Cathedral.” In Religious Identity and National Heritage: Empirical Theological Perspectives, edited by F.-V. Anthony and H.-G. Ziebertz, 123–147. Leiden: Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004228788_008.
   Google Scholar
• Francis, L. J., S. H. Jones, and U. McKenna. 2021. “Religious Attendance and Psychological Health and Wellbeing: Assessing the Impact of Cathedral Carol Services on Personal Happiness.” HTS Theological Studies 77 (4): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v77i4.6820.
   Google Scholar
• Francis, L. J., S. H. Jones, U. McKenna, N. Pike, and E. Williams. 2021. “Belonging Through Events? Exploring the Demographic Profile, Motivations, and Experiences of Those Attending the Afternoon Carol Services on Christmas Eve at Liverpool Cathedral.” Religions 12 (2): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12020090.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francis, L. J., P. Laycock, and C. Brewster. 2017. “Exploring the Factor Structure of the Francis Psychological Type Scales (FPTS) Among a Sample of Anglican Clergy in England.” Mental Health, Religion and Culture 20 (9): 930–941. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2017.1375469.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francis, L. J., and S. Mansfield. 2022. “Who Visits Cathedrals? The Science of Cathedral Studies and Psychographic Segmentation.” HTS Theological Studies 78 (4): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i4.7571.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francis, L. J., S. Mansfield, E. Williams, and A. Village. 2010. “Applying Psychological Type Theory to Cathedral Visitors: A Case Study of Two Cathedrals in England and Wales.” Visitor Studies 13 (2): 175–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/10645578.2010.509695.
   Google Scholar
• Francis, L. J., and P. Richter. 2007. Gone for Good? Church-Leaving and Returning in the Twenty-First Century. Peterborough: Epworth.
   Google Scholar
• Francis, L. J., M. Robbins, and J. Annis. 2015. “The Gospel of Inclusivity and Cathedral Visitors.” In Anglican Cathedrals in Modern Life: The Science of Cathedral Studies, edited by L. J. Francis, 189–214. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137559319_10.
   Google Scholar
• Francis, L. J., E. Williams, J. Annis, and M. Robbins. 2008. “Understanding Cathedral Visitors: Psychological Type and Individual Differences in Experience and Appreciation.” Tourism Analysis 13 (1): 71–80. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354208784548760.
   Google Scholar
• Gomez, R., and J. W. Fisher. 2005a. “Item Response Theory Analysis of the Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire.” Personality and Individual Differences 38 (5): 1107–1121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.07.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez, R., and J. W. Fisher. 2005b. “The Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire: Testing for Model Applicability, Measurement and Structural Equivalencies and Latent Mean Differences Across Gender.” Personality and Individual Differences 39 (8): 1383–1393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.03.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutic, J., E. Caie, and A. Clegg. 2010. “In Search for Heterotopia? Motivations of Visitors to an English Cathedral.” International Journal of Tourism Research 12 (6): 750–760. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.790.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heelas, P., and L. Woodhead 2005. The Spiritual Revolution: Why Religion is Giving Way to Spirituality. Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Hughes, K., N. Bond, and R. Balantyne. 2013. “Designing and Managing Interpretive Experiences at Religious Sites: Visitor Perceptions of Canterbury Cathedral.” Tourism Management 36: 210–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.11.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, R. H., and L. Hudman. 1995. “Pilgrimage Tourism and English Cathedrals: The Role of Religion in Travel.” The Tourist Review 50 (4): 40–48. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb058206.
   Google Scholar
• Jung, C. G. 1971. Psychological Types: The Collected Works. Vol. 6. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
   Google Scholar
• Kendall, E. 1998. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: Step 1 Manual Supplement. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kennerley, P. 2008. The Building of Liverpool Cathedral. 3rd revised ed. Lancaster: Carnegie Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• McKenna, U., L. J. Francis, and F. Stewart. 2022. “Anglican Cathedrals and Implicit Religion: Softening the Boundaries of Sacred Space Through Innovative Events and Installations.” HTS Theological Studies 78 (4): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i4.7827.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muskett, J. A. 2019. Shop-Window, Flagship, Common Ground. Metaphor in Cathedral and Congregation Studies. London: SCM Press.
   Google Scholar
• Percy, M. 2015. “From the Dean of Christ Church.” The Diocese of Oxford: Visitation News 14 (Spring): 7.
   Google Scholar
• Platten, S., and C. Lewis, eds. 1998. Flagships of the Spirit: Cathedrals in Society. London: Darton, Longman and Todd.
   Google Scholar
• Richmond-Tulloch, Y. 2013. “Cathedrals and Mission: Coventry and Birmingham Cathedrals.” In As a Fire by Burning: Mission as the Life of the Local Congregation, edited by R. Standing, 88–97. London, UK: SCM Press.
   Google Scholar
• Richter, P., and L. J. Francis. 1998. Gone but Not Forgotten: Church-Leaving and Returning. London: Darton, Longman and Todd.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, J. 2018. Liverpool Cathedral: Themes and Forms in a Great Modern Church Building. Wolverhampton: Twin Books.
   Google Scholar
• Voase, R. 2007. “Visiting a Cathedral: The Consumer Psychology of a ‘Rich Experience’.” International Journal of Heritage Studies 13 (1): 41–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527250601010851.
   Google Scholar
• Walker, D. S. 2012. “Attending the Service of Nine Lessons and Carols in a Rural Cathedral: An Empirical Study in Religious Orientation and Motivational Style.” Rural Theology 10 (1): 56–69. https://doi.org/10.1558/ruth.v10i1.56.
   Google Scholar
• Walker, D. S. 2017. God’s Belongers: How People Engage with God Today and How the Church Can Help. Abingdon: The Bible Reading Fellowship.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, T. M. 2007. “Evaluating the Visitor Experience: The Case of Chester Cathedral.” Unpublished MA diss., University of Chester.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, E., L. J. Francis, M. Robbins, and J. Annis. 2007. “Visitor Experiences of St Davids Cathedral: The Two Worlds of Pilgrims and Secular Tourists.” Rural Theology 5 (2): 111–123. https://doi.org/10.1179/rut_2007_5_2_004.
   Google Scholar
• Winter, M., and R. Gasson. 1996. “Pilgrimage and Tourism: Cathedral Visiting in Contemporary England.” International Journal of Heritage Studies 2 (3): 172–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527259608722170.
   Google Scholar