Fostering sustainable agriculture in Burundi: which competencies for change-agents should vocational agriculture education prioritize?

References

• Baartman, Liesbeth K. J., and Elly de Bruijn. 2011. “Integrating Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes: Conceptualising Learning Processes Towards Vocational Competence.” Educational Research Review 6 (2): 125–134. doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2011.03.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballantyne, Roy, Karen Hughes, and Nigel Bond. 2016. “Using a Delphi Approach to Identify Managers’ Preferences for Visitor Interpretation at Canterbury Cathedral World Heritage Site.” Tourism Management 54 (June): 72–80. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2015.10.014.
   Google Scholar
• Banno, Masahiro, Yasushi Tsujimoto, and Yuki Kataoka. 2020. “The Majority of Reporting Guidelines Are Not Developed with the Delphi Method: A Systematic Review of Reporting Guidelines.” Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 124 (August): 50–57. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.04.010.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barrios, Maite, Georgina Guilera, Laura Nuño, and Juana Gómez-Benito. 2021. “Consensus in the Delphi Method: What Makes a Decision Change?” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 163 (February): 120484. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120484.
   Google Scholar
• Bergsmann, Evelyn, Marie-Therese Schultes, Petra Winter, Barbara Schober, and Christiane Spiel. 2015. “Evaluation of Competence-Based Teaching in Higher Education: From Theory to Practice.” Evaluation and Program Planning 52 (October): 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2015.03.001.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Biemans, Harm, Loek Nieuwenhuis, Rob Poell, Martin Mulder, and Renate Wesselink. 2004. “Competence-Based Vet in the Netherlands: Background and Pitfalls.” Journal of Vocational Education and Training 56 (4): 523–538. doi:10.1080/13636820400200268.
   Google Scholar
• Cahill, Carmel. 2001. “The Multifunctionality of Agriculture.” EuroChoices 1 (1): 36–41. doi:10.1111/j.1746-692X.2001.tb00073.x.
   Google Scholar
• Caron, Joanie, Suzanne Durand, and Hugo Asselin. 2016. “Principles and Criteria of Sustainable Development for the Mineral Exploration Industry.” Journal of Cleaner Production 119 (April): 215–222. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.01.073.
   Google Scholar
• Charatsari, C., and E. D. Lioutas. 2019. “Is Current Agronomy Ready to Promote Sustainable Agriculture? Identifying Key Skills and Competencies Needed.” International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 26 (3): 232–241. doi:10.1080/13504509.2018.1536683.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cicciù, Bruno, Fernando Schramm, and Vanessa Batista Schramm. 2022. “Multi-Criteria Decision Making/Aid Methods for Assessing Agricultural Sustainability: A Literature Review.” Environmental Science and Policy 138: 85–96. Elsevier Ltd, doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2022.09.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corcoran, Peter Blaze, Joseph P. Weakland, and Arjen E. J. Wals, eds. 2017. Envisioning Futures for Environmental and Sustainability Education. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers. doi:10.3920/978-90-8686-846-9.
   Google Scholar
• Costanza, Robert, and Bernard C. Patten. 1995. “Defining and Predicting Sustainability.” Ecological Economics 15 (3): 193–196. doi:10.1016/0921-8009(95)00048-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalkey, Norman, and Olaf Helmer. 1963. “An Experimental Application of the DELPHI Method to the Use of Experts.” Management Science 9 (3): 458–467. doi:10.1287/mnsc.9.3.458.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dam-Mieras, Rietje van, Angelique Lansu, Marco Rieckmann, and Gerd Michelsen. 2008. “Development of an Interdisciplinary, Intercultural Master’s Program on Sustainability: Learning from the Richness of Diversity.” Innovative Higher Education 32 (5): 251–264. doi:10.1007/s10755-007-9055-7.
   Google Scholar
• Day, Jacqueline, and Milena Bobeva. 2005. “A Generic Toolkit for the Successful Management of Delphi Studies.” Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods 3 (2): 103–116.
   Google Scholar
• de Haan, Gerhard. 2006. “The BLK ‘21’ Programme in Germany: A ‘Gestaltungskompetenz’-Based Model for Education for Sustainable Development.” Environmental Education Research 12 (1): 19–32. doi:10.1080/13504620500526362.
   Google Scholar
• de Haan, Gerhard. 2010. “The Development of ESD-Related Competencies in Supportive Institutional Frameworks.” International Review of Education 56 (2–3): 315–328. doi:10.1007/s11159-010-9157-9.
   Google Scholar
• Demssie, Yared Nigussie, Harm J. A. Biemans, Renate Wesselink, and Martin Mulder. 2020. “Combining Indigenous Knowledge and Modern Education to Foster Sustainability Competencies: Towards a Set of Learning Design Principles.” Sustainability 12 (17): 6823. doi:10.3390/su12176823.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demssie, Yared Nigussie, Renate Wesselink, Harm J.A. Biemans, and Martin Mulder. 2019. “Think Outside the European Box: Identifying Sustainability Competencies for a Base of the Pyramid Context.” Journal of Cleaner Production 221 (June): 828–838. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.255.
   Google Scholar
• Edwards, Clive A. 2020. “A History of Sustainable Agriculture.” In Sustainable Agricultural Systems, edited by Clive A. Edwards, Rattan Lal, Patrick Madden, Robert H. Miller, and Gar House. Boca Raton: CRC Press. doi:10.1201/9781003070474.
   Google Scholar
• Escribano, M., C. Díaz-Caro, and F. J. Mesias. 2018. “A Participative Approach to Develop Sustainability Indicators for Dehesa Agroforestry Farms.” Science of the Total Environment 640–641 (November): 89–97. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.297.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Evans. 2019. “Competencies and Pedagogies for Sustainability Education: A Roadmap for Sustainability Studies Program Development in Colleges and Universities.” Sustainability 11 (19): 5526. doi:10.3390/su11195526.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardiner, Senan, and Marco Rieckmann. 2015. “Pedagogies of Preparedness: Use of Reflective Journals in the Operationalisation and Development of Anticipatory Competence.” Sustainability 7 (8): 10554–10575. doi:10.3390/su70810554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grosseck, Gabriela, Laurențiu Gabriel Țîru, and Ramona Alice Bran. 2019. “Education for Sustainable Development: Evolution and Perspectives: A Bibliometric Review of Research, 1992–2018.” Sustainability 11 (21): 6136. doi:10.3390/su11216136.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, Uma G., and Robert E. Clarke. 1996. “Theory and Applications of the Delphi Technique: A Bibliography (1975–1994).” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 53 (2): 185–211. doi:10.1016/S0040-1625(96)00094-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habibi, Arash, Azam Sarafrazi, and Sedigheh Izadyar. 2014. “Delphi Technique Theoretical Framework in Qualitative Research.” The International Journal Of Engineering And Science 3 (4): 2319–1813.
   Google Scholar
• Hasson, Felicity, Sinead Keeney, and Hugh McKenna. 2000. “Research Guidelines for the Delphi Survey Technique.” Journal of Advanced Nursing 32 (4): 1008–1015. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.t01-1-01567.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidelberger, Lindsay, Chery Smith, Ramona Robinson-O’Brien, Carrie Earthman, and Kim Robien. 2017. “Registered Dietitian Nutritionists’ Perspectives on Integrating Food and Water System Issues Into Professional Practice.” Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 117 (2): 271–277. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heiskanen, Eva, Åke Thidell, and Håkan Rodhe. 2016. “Educating Sustainability Change Agents: The Importance of Practical Skills and Experience.” Journal of Cleaner Production 123 (June): 218–226. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.11.063.
   Google Scholar
• Jeníček, V., and Š Grofová. 2016. “Least Developed Countries & the Case of Burundi.” Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská Ekonomika) 61 (No. 5): 234–247. doi:10.17221/48/2014-AGRICECON.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, Edel, Laure Latruffe, Yann Desjeux, Mary Ryan, Sandra Uthes, Ambre Diazabakana, Emma Dillon, and John Finn. 2018. “Sustainability Indicators for Improved Assessment of the Effects of Agricultural Policy Across the EU: Is FADN the Answer?” Ecological Indicators 89 (June): 903–911. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.12.053.
   Google Scholar
• Kessler, Aad, Laurie Reemst, Micael Beun, Erik Slingerland, Laura Pol, and Ruben De Winne. 2021. “Mobilizing Farmers to Stop Land Degradation: A Different Discourse from Burundi.” Land Degradation & Development 32 (12): 3403–3414. doi:10.1002/ldr.3763.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knickel, Karlheinz, Gianluca Brunori, Sigrid Rand, and Jet Proost. 2009. “Towards a Better Conceptual Framework for Innovation Processes in Agriculture and Rural Development: From Linear Models to Systemic Approaches.” The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 15 (2): 131–146. doi:10.1080/13892240902909064.
   Google Scholar
• Liao, Xuewei, Thi Phuoc Lai Nguyen, and Nophea Sasaki. 2022. “Use of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) Model to Examine Sustainable Agriculture in Thailand.” Regional Sustainability 3 (1): 41–52. doi:10.1016/j.regsus.2022.03.005.
   Google Scholar
• Lieblein, Geir, Tor Arvid Breland, Charles Francis, and Edvin Østergaard. 2012. “Agroecology Education: Action-Oriented Learning and Research.” The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 18 (1): 27–40. doi:10.1080/1389224X.2012.638781.
   Google Scholar
• Lu, Hsiao ling, Yuan Hsiou Chang, and Bing Yu Wu. 2020. “The Compare Organic Farm and Conventional Farm to Improve Sustainable Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment.” Organic Agriculture 10 (4): 409–418. doi:10.1007/s13165-020-00278-3.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch, John, Trevor Donnellan, John A. Finn, Emma Dillon, and Mary Ryan. 2019. “Potential Development of Irish Agricultural Sustainability Indicators for Current and Future Policy Evaluation Needs.” Journal of Environmental Management 230: 434–445. Academic Press. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzotti, Luciana, Barbara Murphy, and Jenny Kent. 2007. “Finding the Common Ground: Is There a Place for Sustainability Education in VET? Support Document.” National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER), 1–29.
   Google Scholar
• Moschitz, Heidrun, Dirk Roep, Gianluca Brunori, and Talis Tisenkopfs. 2015. “Learning and Innovation Networks for Sustainable Agriculture: Processes of Co-Evolution, Joint Reflection and Facilitation.” The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 21 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1080/1389224X.2014.991111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muhie, Seid Hussen. 2022. “Novel Approaches and Practices to Sustainable Agriculture.” Journal of Agriculture and Food Research 10 (December): 100446. doi:10.1016/j.jafr.2022.100446.
   Google Scholar
• Mukherjee, Nibedita, Jean Hugé, William J. Sutherland, Jeffrey McNeill, Maarten Van Opstal, Farid Dahdouh-Guebas, and Nico Koedam. 2015. ““The Delphi Technique in Ecology and Biological Conservation: Applications and Guidelines.” Edited by Barbara Anderson.” Methods in Ecology and Evolution 6 (9): 1097–1109. doi:10.1111/2041-210X.12387.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulder, Martin. 2010. “Competence Development in Higher Agricultural Education.” International Conference ‘Teacher Training for Vocational Education in Contemporary Europe’, September 1–23.
   Google Scholar
• Mulder, Martin. 2014. “Conceptions of Professional Competence.” In International Handbook of Research in Professional and Practice-based Learning, edited by Stephen Billett, Christian Harteis, and Hans Gruber, 107–137. Springer, Dordrecht: Springer International Handbooks of Education. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8902-8_5.
   Google Scholar
• Mulder, Martin. 2017. “A Five-Component Future Competence (5CFC) Model.” The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 23 (2): 99–102. doi:10.1080/1389224X.2017.1296533.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ndayiragije, Alexis, Desire Mkezabahizi, Jean Ndimubandi, and Rancoise KabogoyeF. 2017. “A Scoping Study on Burundi ‘s Agricultural Production in a Changing Climate and the Supporting Policies,” 82.
   Google Scholar
• Niragira, Sanctus, Marijke D’Haese, Luc D’Haese, Jean Ndimubandi, Sam Desiere, and Jeroen Buysse. 2015. “Food for Survival.” Food and Nutrition Bulletin 36 (2): 196–210. doi:10.1177/0379572115587491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogbeifun, E., J. Agwa-Ejon, C. Mbohwa, and J. H. C. Pretorius. 2016. “The Delphi Technique: A Credible Research Methodology.” Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management 8-10 March 2016: 2004–9.
   Google Scholar
• Osborne, Jonathan, Sue Collins, Mary Ratcliffe, Robin Millar, and Rick Duschl. 2003. “What ?Ideas-About-Science? Should Be Taught in School Science? A Delphi Study of the Expert Community.” Journal of Research in Science Teaching 40 (7): 692–720. doi:10.1002/tea.10105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng, Wenjia, Hua Zheng, Brian E. Robinson, Cong Li, and Ruonan Li. 2022. “Comparing the Importance of Farming Resource Endowments and Agricultural Livelihood Diversification for Agricultural Sustainability from the Perspective of the Food–Energy–Water Nexus.” Journal of Cleaner Production 380 (2). doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135193.
   Google Scholar
• Perez Salgado, Francisca, Dina Abbott, and Gordon Wilson. 2018. “Dimensions of Professional Competences for Interventions Towards Sustainability.” Sustainability Science 13 (1): 163–177. doi:10.1007/s11625-017-0439-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahdari, Amir, Sahar Sepasi, and Mohammad Moradi. 2016. “Achieving Sustainability Through Schumpeterian Social Entrepreneurship: The Role of Social Enterprises.” Journal of Cleaner Production 137 (November): 347–360. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.159.
   Google Scholar
• Rieckmann, Marco. 2012. “Future-Oriented Higher Education: Which Key Competencies Should Be Fostered Through University Teaching and Learning?” Futures 44 (2): 127–135. doi:10.1016/j.futures.2011.09.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roorda, Niko. 2013. “A Strategy and a Toolkit to Realize System Integration of Sustainable Development (SISD).” In Sustainability Assessment Tools in Higher Education Institutions, edited by Sandra Caeiro, Walter Leal Filho, Charbel Jabbour, and Ulisses M. Azeiteiro, 101–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02375-5_6.
   Google Scholar
• Sarkar, Apurbo, Jony Abdul Azim, Abdullah al Asif, Lu Qian, and Anamika Kor Peau. 2021. “Structural Equation Modeling for Indicators of Sustainable Agriculture: Prospective of a Developing Country’s Agriculture.” Land Use Policy 109. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seuneke, Pieter, and Bettina B. Bock. 2015. “Exploring the Roles of Women in the Development of Multifunctional Entrepreneurship on Family Farms: An Entrepreneurial Learning Approach.” NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences 74–75 (1): 41–50. doi:10.1016/j.njas.2015.07.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman, Jacob D.B., and Heather L. Burns. 2015. “‘Radically Different Learning’: Implementing Sustainability Pedagogy in a University Peer Mentor Program.” Teaching in Higher Education 20 (3): 231–243. doi:10.1080/13562517.2014.993962.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, C. S., and G. T. McDonald. 1998. “Assessing the Sustainability of Agriculture at the Planning Stage.” Journal of Environmental Management 52 (1): 15–37. doi:10.1006/jema.1997.0162.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srinivasa Rao, Ch, K. Kareemulla, P. Krishnan, G. R. K. Murthy, P. Ramesh, P. S. Ananthan, and P. K. Joshi. 2019. “Agro-Ecosystem Based Sustainability Indicators for Climate Resilient Agriculture in India: A Conceptual Framework.” Ecological Indicators 105 (October): 621–633. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.06.038.
   Google Scholar
• Sturing, Lidwien, Harm J. A. Biemans, Martin Mulder, and Elly de Bruijn. 2011. “The Nature of Study Programmes in Vocational Education: Evaluation of the Model for Comprehensive Competence-Based Vocational Education in the Netherlands.” Vocations and Learning 4 (3): 191–210. doi:10.1007/s12186-011-9059-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tagne, Gustave, and Clermont Gauthier. 2016. “La Recherche En Education Réussite Scolaire et Réforme Éducative Selon l ‘ Approche Par Compétences (APC) En Afrique Subsaharienne : R Ésultats d ‘ Une Étude Comparative Derek Asoh.” Revue de L’Association Francophone Internationale de Recherche Scientifique En Education 16: 76–97.
   Google Scholar
• Tarekegne, Chalachew, Renate Wesselink, Harm J. A. Biemans, and Martin Mulder. 2017. “Developing and Validating a Competence Profile for Development Agents: An Ethiopian Case Study.” The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 23 (5): 427–441. doi:10.1080/1389224X.2017.1368400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarekegne, Chalachew, Renate Wesselink, Harm J. A. Biemans, and Martin Mulder. 2021. “Developing and Validating a Competence Framework for Improving the Productivity of Smallholder Farmers: A Case Study from Ethiopia.” The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 27 (4): 481–502. doi:10.1080/1389224X.2021.1880452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thangaratinam, Shakila, and Charles WE Redman. 2005. “The Delphi Technique.” The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 7 (2): 120–125. doi:10.1576/toag.7.2.120.27071.
   Google Scholar
• Velten, Sarah, Julia Leventon, Nicolas Jager, and Jens Newig. 2015. “What Is Sustainable Agriculture? A Systematic Review.” Sustainability 7 (6): 7833–7865. doi:10.3390/su7067833.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voinov, Alexey, and Joshua Farley. 2007. “Reconciling Sustainability, Systems Theory and Discounting.” Ecological Economics 63 (1): 104–113. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.10.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von der Gracht, Heiko A. 2012. “Consensus Measurement in Delphi Studies.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 79 (8): 1525–1536. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2012.04.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vos, Robert O. 2007. “Defining Sustainability: A Conceptual Orientation.” Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 82 (4): 334–339. doi:10.1002/jctb.1675.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wals, Arjen E. J. 2014. “Sustainability in Higher Education in the Context of the UN DESD: A Review of Learning and Institutionalization Processes.” Journal of Cleaner Production 62 (January): 8–15. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.06.007.
   Google Scholar
• Warren, M. 1998. “Practising What We Preach: Managing Agricultural Education in a Changing World.” The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 5 (1): 53–65. doi:10.1080/13892249885300161.
   Google Scholar
• Wesselink, Renate, Harm JA Biemans, Martin Mulder, and Elke R van den Elsen. 2007. “Competence-Based VET as Seen by Dutch Researchers.” European Journal of Vocational Training 40 (1): 38–51.
   Google Scholar
• Wesselink, Renate, Vincent Blok, Sebastiaan van Leur, Thomas Lans, and Domenico Dentoni. 2015. “Individual Competencies for Managers Engaged in Corporate Sustainable Management Practices.” Journal of Cleaner Production 106 (November): 497–506. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.10.093.
   Google Scholar
• White, Mark A. 2013. “Sustainability: I Know It When I See It.” Ecological Economics 86 (February): 213–217. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.12.020.
   Google Scholar
• Wiek, Arnim, Lauren Withycombe, and Charles L. Redman. 2011. “Key Competencies in Sustainability: A Reference Framework for Academic Program Development.” Sustainability Science 6 (2): 203–218. doi:10.1007/s11625-011-0132-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeweld, Woldegebrial, Guido van Huylenbroeck, Girmay Tesfay, Hossein Azadi, and Stijn Speelman. 2020. “Sustainable Agricultural Practices, Environmental Risk Mitigation and Livelihood Improvements: Empirical Evidence from Northern Ethiopia.” Land Use Policy 95 (June), doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.01.002.
   Google Scholar