Citizens’ preferences and the future of Europe: a case for the ‘five scenarios’ as deliberative entry-points in mini-publics

References

• Alemanno, A. 2021. “Unboxing the Conference on the Future of Europe and Its Democratic Raison d’être.” European Law Journal 26 (5–6): 484–508. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/eulj.12413.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barabas, J. 2004. “How Deliberation Affects Policy Outcomes.” The American Political Science Review 98 (4): 687–701. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055404041425.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bickerton, C., D. Hodson, and U. Puetter. 2015a. “The New Intergovernmentalism: European Integration in the Post-Maastricht Era.” Journal of Common Market Studies 53 (4): 703–722. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bickerton, C., D. Hodson, and U. Puetter. 2015b. The New Intergovernmentalism: States and Supranational Actors in the Post-Maastricht Era. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cengiz, F. 2018. “Bringing the Citizen Back into EU Democracy: Against the Input-Output Model and Why Deliberative Democracy Might Be the Answer.” European Politics and Society 19 (5): 577–594. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2018.1469236.
   Google Scholar
• Chapell, Z. 2012. Deliberative Democracy: A Critical Introduction. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.
   Google Scholar
• CoFoE. 2021a. Multilingual Digital Platform of the Conference on the Future of Europe. Interim Report August 2021. Conference on the Future of Europe. https://futureu.europa.eu/pages/reporting.
   Google Scholar
• CoFoE. 2021b. Multilingual Digital Platform of the Conference on the Future of Europe. Conference on the Future of Europe. Interim Report November 2021. Conference on the Future of Europe, https://futureu.europa.eu/pages/reporting
   Google Scholar
• CoFoE. 2021c. Multilingual Digital Platform of the Conference on the Future of Europe. Conference on the Future of Europe. Interim Report September 2021. Conference on the Future of Europe, https://futureu.europa.eu/pages/reporting
   Google Scholar
• CoFoE. 2021d. Panel 1: Stronger Economy, Social Justice, Jobs, Education, Culture, Sport, Digital Transformation. European Citizens Panels. Stable URL. https://futureu.europa.eu/assemblies/citizens-panels.
   Google Scholar
• CoFoE. 2021e. Panel 2: EU Democracy, Values, Rights, Rule of Law, Security. European Citizens Panels. Stable URL. https://futureu.europa.eu/assemblies/citizens-panels.
   Google Scholar
• CoFoE. 2022a. Draft Proposals of the Conference on the Future of Europe. 27th April 2022. Conference Plenary. Conference on the Future of Europe. Stable URL: https://futureu.europa.eu/pages/plenary.
   Google Scholar
• CoFoE, 2022b. Multilingual Digital Platform of the Conference on the Future of Europe. Conference on the Future of Europe. Interim Report February 2022. Conference on the Future of Europe, https://futureu.europa.eu/pages/reporting
   Google Scholar
• CoFoE Observatory. 2022. Conference on the Future of Europe: What Worked, What Now, What Next? High-Level Advisory Group Report. 22nd February. https://www.epc.eu/en/Publications/Conference-on-the-Future-of-Europe-What-worked-what-now-what-next~4609b0.
   Google Scholar
• Costello, A. 2021. “Meaningful, but Effective? A Critical Evaluation of Ireland’s citizens’ Dialogues on the Future of Europe.” Politics 42 (4): 464–479. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263395721991483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crum, B. 2023. “Models of EU Constitutional Reform: What Do We Learn from the Conference on the Future of Europe?” Global Constitutionalism 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045381723000102.
   Google Scholar
• Deligiaouri, A., and J. Suiter. 2023. “Oscillating Between Representation and Participation in Deliberative for a and the Question of Legitimacy: Can ‘Hybrid Representative Democracy’ Be the Remedy?” Representation 59 (1): 137–153. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2021.1950040.
   Google Scholar
• DFA. 2018. Report on the citizens’ Dialogues on the Future of Europe. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, October. Available at: https://www.dfa.ie/our-role-policies/ireland-in-the-eu/future-of-europe/news/newsarchive/minister-of-state-helen-mcentee-td-launches-report-on-the-citizens-dialogues-on-future-of-europe.php.
   Google Scholar
• Dockerty, T., A. Lovett, K. Appleton, A. Bone, and G. Sünnenberg. 2006. “Developing Scenarios and Visualisations to Illustrate Potential Policy and Climatic Influences on Future Agricultural Landscapes.” Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 114 (1): 103–120. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.11.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elster, J. 1998. Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Elstub, S., and P. McLaverty. 2014. Deliberative Democracy: Issues and Cases. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
   Google Scholar
• EMI. 2018. Ireland Being Held Up Across Europe As an Example of Best Practice on Citizen Engagement Says European Movement Ireland. European Movement Ireland, 8 November. Available at: https://www.europeanmovement.ie/ireland-being-held-up-across-europe-as-example-of-best-practice-on-citizen-engagement-says-european-movement-ireland/.
   Google Scholar
• Estlund, D., and H. Landemore. 2018. “'The Epistemic Value of Democratic Deliberation'.” In The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy, edited by A. Bachtiger, J. Dryzek, J. Mansbridge, and M. Warren, 113–131. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• EU-Lex. 2021. Joint Declaration of the European Parliament, the Council, and the European Commission on the Conference on the Future of Europe: Engaging with Citizens for Democracy – Building a More Resilient Europe. EUR-LEX: Access to European Union Law. URL. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32021C0318%2801%29.
   Google Scholar
• Eurobarometer. 2006. The Future of Europe. URL: https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/586.
   Google Scholar
• Eurobarometer. 2012. Future of Europe. Special Eurobarometer 379. URL: https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/1059.
   Google Scholar
• Eurobarometer. 2016. Future of Europe. Special Eurobarometer 451. URL: https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2131.
   Google Scholar
• Eurobarometer. 2017. Future of Europe: Social Issues. Special Eurobarometer 467. URL: https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2179.
   Google Scholar
• Eurobarometer. 2018. Future of Europe. Special Eurobarometer 479. URL: https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2217.
   Google Scholar
• Eurobarometer. 2021. Future of Europe. Special Eurobarometer 500 Report. https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2256.
   Google Scholar
• Eurobarometer. 2022. Standard Eurobarometer 96 – Winter 2021-2022. Eurobarometer. URL. https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2553.
   Google Scholar
• Europa.eu. 2020. The Schuman Declaration – 9 May 2050. European Union. URL. https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/symbols/europe-day/schuman-declaration_en.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2017. “Whitepaper on the Future of Europe.” European Commission. 1st March 2017. https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/white-paper-future-europe_en.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2019. Progress Reports on citizens’ Dialogues and Citizens Consultations. European Commission. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/progress-reports-citizens-dialogues-and-consultations_en#reports-from-member-states.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2021. Progress Reports on Citizens’ Dialogues and Citizens’ Consultations. European Commission. Accessed: November 23, 2021. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/info/progress-reports-citizens-dialogues-and-consultations_en.
   Google Scholar
• Fabbrini, F. 2021. “The Conference on the Future of Europe: Process and Prospects.” Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/eulj.12401.
   Google Scholar
• Forni, L., S. E. Galaitsi, V. K. Mehta, M. I. Escobar, D. R. Purkey, N. J. Depsky, N. A. Lima, et al. 2016. “Exploring Scientific Information for Policy Making Under Deep Uncertainty.” Environmental Modelling & Software 86:232–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.09.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fung, A. 2015. “Putting the Public Back into Governance: The Challenges of Citizen Participation and Its Future.” Public Administration Review 75 (4): 513–522. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Held, D. 2006. Models of Democracy. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• The Irish Times. 2022. EU Reform: End of Veto Amongst Proposals to Be Considered. Irish Times 1st May 2022. Stable URL. https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/eu-reform-end-of-veto-among-proposals-to-be-considered-1.4866967.
   Google Scholar
• Kallis, G., D. Hatzilacou, Mexa, H. Coccossis, E. Svoronou, and A. Mexa. 2007. “Beyond the Manual: Practicing Deliberative Visioning in a Greek Island.” Ecological Economics 65 (4): 979–989. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.07.002.
   Google Scholar
• Kuyper, J., and F. Wolkenstein. 2019. “Complementing and Correcting Representative Institutions: When and How to Use Mini Publics.” European Journal of Political Research 58 (2): 656–675. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landemore, H. 2017. “Deliberative Democracy As Open. Not (Just) Representaitve Democracy.” Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 146 (Summer 2017): 51–63. No 3. The Prospects and Limits of Deliberative Democracy. https://doi.org/10.1162/DAED_a_00446.
   Google Scholar
• Lindgren, K.-O., and T. Persson. 2011. Participatory Governance in the EU. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.
   Google Scholar
• Markowicz, P., and P. Tosiek. 2023. “Deliberative Democracy or Deliberative Supranationalism? Preliminary Insights from the Conference on the Future of Europe.” Modelling the New Europe, no. (42): 161–183. https://doi.org/10.24193/OJMNE.2023.42.08.
   Google Scholar
• Moravcsik, A. 1998. The Choice for Europe: Social Purpose & State Power from Messina to Maastricht. Cornell: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, D. 1997. Focus Groups As Qualitative Research. 2nd ed. London: Sage Publication s Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Pilet, J.-B., C. Bedock, D. Talukder, and S. Rangoni. 2023. “Support for Deliberative Mini-Publics Among the Losers of Representaitve Democracy.” British Journal of Political Science 54 (2): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123423000479.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piras, J.-C. 2012. The Future of Europe: Towards a Two-Speed EU?. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• POEU. 2019. A Union That Strives for More. Publications Office of the European Union. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/43a17056-ebf1-11e9-9c4e-01aa75ed71a1.
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, R. 1988. “Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games.“ International Organisation 42 (3): 427–460. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2706785.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radeljić, B. 2014. Debating European Identity: Bright Ideas, Dim Prospects. Bern: Peter Lang AG.
   Google Scholar
• Schimmelfennig, F., and T. Winzen. 2020. Ever Looser Union? Differentiated European Integration. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, D., and P. Shamdasani. 2015. Focus Groups; Theory and Practice. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Telle, S. 2020. The Politics of Differentiated Integration: What do Governments want? Country Report- Ireland. EUI RSCAS, 2020/97. Fiesole: European University Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Wallace, H., M. Pollack, and A. Young. 2015. Policymaking in the European Union. 7th ed. Oxford: Oxford University press.
   Google Scholar
• Werner, H., and L. Muradova. 2022. “‘Scenario Experiments’.” In Research Methods in Deliberative Democracy, edited by S. Ercan, H. Asenbaum, N. Curato, and R. Mendonça, 190–203. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wessel, R. A., E. Anttila, H. Obenheimer, and A. Ursu. 2022. “The Future of EU Foreign, Security and Defence Policy: Assessing Legal Options for Improvement.” European Law Journal 26 (5–6): 371–390. https://doi.org/10.1111/eulj.12405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar