60
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

RELATIONSHIP AND SINGLEHOOD TRAJECTORIES DURING THE TRANSITION TO OLDER ADULTHOOD OVER THE PAST 40 YEARS

ORCID Icon, &

References

  • Alwin, D. F. (2012). Integrating varieties of life course concepts. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 67(2), 206–220. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbr146
  • Apostolou, M., & Christoforou, C. (2022). What makes single life attractive: An explorative examination of the advantages of singlehood. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 8(4), 403–412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-022-00340-1
  • Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2014). Auxiliary variables in mixture modeling: Three-step approaches using M plus. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 21(3), 329–341. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2014.915181
  • Barr, A., Culatta, E., & Simons, R. L. (2013). Romantic relationships and health among African American young adults: Linking patterns of relationship quality over time to changes in physical and mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 54(3), 369–385. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146513486652
  • Barr, A. B., Sutton, T. E., Simons, L. G., Wickrama, K. A. S., & Lorenz, F. O. (2016). Romantic relationship transitions and changes in health among rural, White young adults. Journal of Family Psychology, 30(7), 832–842. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000207
  • Beckmeyer, J., & Jamison, T. (2023). Understanding singlehood as a complex and multifaceted experience: Insights from relationship science. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 15(3), 562–577. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12497
  • Behrman, J. R., Rosenzweig, M. R., & Taubman, P. (1996). College choice and wages: Estimates using data on female twins. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 78(4), 672–685. https://doi.org/10.2307/2109954
  • Bollen, K. A., & Curran, P. J. (2006). Latent curve models: A structural equation perspective. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Boyd, B., & Solh, T. (2020). Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: Review of broken heart syndrome. Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants, 33(3), 24–29. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000654368.35241.fc
  • Brown, S. L., & Lin, I. F. (2012). The gray divorce revolution: Rising divorce among middle-aged and older adults, 1990–2010. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 67(6), 731–741. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbs089
  • Brown, S., Lin, I., Hammersmith, A., & Wright, M. (2019). Repartnering following gray divorce: The roles of resources and constraints for women and men. Demography, 56(2), 503–523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-018-0752-x
  • Brown, S. L., Lin, I. F., Julian, C. A., & Cong, Z. (2023). Gray divorce during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 79(2), gbad162. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbad162
  • Brown, S. L., Lin, I. F., & Mellencamp, K. A. (2022). The rising midlife first marriage rate in the US. Journal of Marriage and Family, 84(4), 1220–1233. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12861
  • Brown, S. L., & Wright, M. R. (2016). Older adults’ attitudes toward cohabitation: Two decades of change. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 71(4), 755–764. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbv053
  • Carr, D., & Springer, K. W. (2010). Advances in families and health research in the 21st century. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(3), 743–761. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00728.x
  • Cherlin, A. J. (2004). The deinstitutionalization of American marriage. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(4), 848–861. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00058.x
  • Collins, L. M., & Lanza, S. T. (2009). Latent class and latent transition analysis: With applications in the social, behavioral, and health sciences (Vol. 718). John Wiley & Sons.
  • DePaulo, B. (2023). Single and flourishing: Transcending the deficit narratives of single life. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 15(3), 389–411. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12525
  • DePaulo, B. M. (2006). Singled out: How singles are stereotyped, stigmatized, and ignored, and still live happily ever after. Macmillan.
  • Dickson, L., & Marsh, K. (2008). The Love Jones cohort: A new face of the Black middle class? Black Women, Gender & Families, 2(1), 84–105.
  • Dupre, M. E., & Meadows, S. O. (2007). Disaggregating the effects of marital trajectories on health. Journal of Family Issues, 28(5), 623–652. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X06296296
  • Elder, G. H. (1998). The life course as developmental theory. Child Development, 69(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06128.x
  • Elder, G. H. (2018). Children of the Great Depression. Routledge.
  • Elder, G. H., & Shanahan, M. J. (2007). The life course and human development. In R. M. Lerner (Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 665–715). Wiley.
  • Ermer, A. E., & Keenoy, J. E. (2023). Singlehood during later life: Theoretical considerations for health and social relationships. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 15(3), 595–613. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12524
  • Erol, R. Y., & Orth, U. (2011). Self-esteem development from age 14 to 30 years: A longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(3), 607. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024299
  • Flood, S. M., & Moen, P. (2015). Healthy time use in the encore years: Do work, resources, relations, and gender matter? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 56(1), 74–97. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146514568669
  • Fu, X., & Heaton, T. B. (2008). Racial and educational homogamy: 1980 to 2000. Sociological Perspectives, 51(4), 735–758. https://doi.org/10.1525/sop.2008.51.4.735
  • Girme, Y. U., Park, Y., & MacDonald, G. (2023). Coping or thriving? Reviewing intrapersonal, interpersonal, and societal factors associated with well-being in singlehood from a within-group perspective. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 18(5), 1097–1120. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916221136119
  • Goldstein, J. R., & Kenney, C. T. (2001). Marriage delayed or marriage forgone? New cohort forecasts of first marriage for US women. American Sociological Review, 66(4), 506–519. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240106600402
  • Halpern-Manners, A., Helgertz, J., Warren, J. R., & Roberts, E. (2020). The effects of education on mortality: Evidence from linked US census and administrative mortality data. Demography, 57(4), 1513–1541. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-020-00892-6
  • Hill Roy, L., Park, Y., & MacDonald, G. (2023). Age moderates the link between relationship desire and life satisfaction among singles. Personal Relationships, 30(3), 893–912. https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12497
  • Honggao, C., & Hill, D. H. (2007). Active versus passive sample attrition: The health and retirement study. Institute for Social Research University of Michigan Internet resource. http://ideasrepecorg/p/wpa/wuwpem/0505006.html
  • Jager, J., Rauer, A., Staff, J., Lansford, J. E., Pettit, G. S., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2022). The destabilization and destandardization of social roles across the adult life course: Considering aggregate social role instability and its variability from a historical-developmental perspective. Developmental Psychology, 58(3), 589–605.
  • Johnson, M. D., Krahn, H. J., & Galambos, N. L. (2017). Better late than early: Marital timing and subjective well-being in midlife. Journal of Family Psychology, 31(5), 635–641. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000297
  • Johnston, C. A., Crosnoe, R., Mernitz, S. E., & Pollitt, A. M. (2020). Two methods for studying the developmental significance of family structure trajectories. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(3), 1110–1123. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12639
  • Julian, C. A. (2022). Older adult cohabiting and married couples. In Family profiles (pp. FP-22–16). National Center for Family & Marriage Research. https://doi.org/10.25035/ncfmr/fp-22-16
  • Julian, C. A. (2023). A decade of change in shares of single, cohabiting, and married individuals, 2012–2022. National Center for Family & Marriage Research. Family Profiles, FP-23-07 https://doi.org/10.25035/ncfmr/fp-23-07
  • Juteau, G. (2022). Characteristics of single adults in the U.S., 2022. National Center for Family & Marriage Research. Family Profile, FP-22-30 https://doi.org/10.25035/ncfmr/fp-22-30
  • Karney, B. R., & Bradbury, T. N. (1995). The longitudinal course of marital quality and stability: A review of theory, methods, and research. Psychological Bulletin, 118(1), 3–34. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.118.1.3
  • Kennedy, S., & Ruggles, S. (2014). Breaking up is hard to count: The rise of divorce in the United States, 1980–2010. Demography, 51(2), 587–598. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-013-0270-9
  • Klinenberg, E. (2013). Going solo: The extraordinary rise and surprising appeal of living alone. Penguin.
  • Koropeckyj-Cox, T., Pienta, A. M., & Brown, T. H. (2007). Women of the 1950s and the “normative” life course: The implications of childlessness, fertility timing, and marital status for psychological well-being in late midlife. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 64(4), 299–330. https://doi.org/10.2190/8PTL-P745-58U1-3330
  • Kovert, E., Wright, M. W., Hammersmith, A. M., Brown, S. L., & Lin, F. (2017). The role of union dissolution and repartnering on health later in life. In Family profiles (pp. FP-17–12). National Center for Family & Marriage Research. https://doi.org/10.25035/ncfmr/fp-17-12
  • Lavender‐Stott, E. S., Guzzo, K. B., Brown, S. L., & Manning, W. D. (2023). Kaleidoscopic perspectives on theorizing singlehood. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 15(3), 379–388. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12532
  • Lin, I. F., Brown, S. L., & Carr, D. S. (2021). The economic consequences of gray divorce for women and men. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 76(10), 2073–2085. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa157
  • Little, T. D., & Rhemtulla, M. (2013). Planned missing data designs for developmental researchers. Child Development Perspectives, 7(4), 199–204. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12043
  • Liu, H., Umberson, D., & Xu, M. (2020). Widowhood and mortality: Gender, race/ethnicity, and the role of economic resources. Annals of Epidemiology, 45, 69–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.02.006
  • Lo, Y., Mendell, N. R., & Rubin, D. B. (2001). Testing the number of components in a normal mixture. Biometrika, 88(3), 767–778. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/88.3.767
  • Marino, F. (2023). Unmarried adulthood: More than a century of change, 1900–2020. In Family profiles (pp. FP-23–04). National Center for Family & Marriage Research. https://doi.org/10.25035/ncfmr/fp-23-04
  • Moen, P. (2016). Encore adulthood: Boomers on the edge of risk, renewal, and purpose. Oxford University Press.
  • Mortimer, J. T., & Moen, P. (2016). The changing social construction of age andthe life course: Precarious identity and enactment of ‘early’ and ‘encore’adulthood. In M. Shanahan, J. T. Mortimer, & M. K. Johnson (Eds.), Handbook of the life course (Vol. 2, pp. 111–129). Springer.
  • Muthén, B. (2016). LCA and sample weights. Mplus Discussion Board. https://www.statmodel.com/discussion/messages/13/1202.html?1511279738
  • Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2017). Mplus User’s Guide. (Eighth). Muthén & Muthén.
  • Nylund, K. L., Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. O. (2007). Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: A Monte Carlo simulation study. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14(4), 535–569. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701575396
  • Pardini, D. A., Fite, P. J., & Burke, J. D. (2008). Bidirectional associations between parenting practices and conduct problems in boys from childhood to adolescence: The moderating effect of age and African-American ethnicity. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36(5), 647–662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-007-9162-z
  • Peel, D., & McLachlan, G. J. (2000). Robust mixture modelling using the t distribution. Statistics and Computing, 10(4), 339–348. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008981510081
  • Perelli‐Harris, B., & Gassen, N. S. (2012). How similar are cohabitation and marriage? Legal approaches to cohabitation across Western Europe. Population and Development Review, 38(3), 435–467. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2012.00511.x
  • RAND HRS Longitudinal File 2020 (V1). (2023). Produced by the RAND center for the Study of Aging, with funding from the National Institute on Aging and the Social Security Administration.
  • Rauer, A., & Jager, J. (2024). A historical-developmental model of transitions in singlehood. Research in Human Development, 1–20.
  • Riley, M. (1994). Aging and society: Past, present, and future. The Gerontologist, 34(4), 436–446. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/34.4.436
  • Sassler, S., & Miller, A. J. (2023). Assessing the deinstitutionalization of marriage thesis: Changes in the meaning of cohabitation over the relationship life course. Journal of Marriage and Family, 85(2), 370–390. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12883
  • Schoen, R., & Cheng, Y. H. A. (2006). Partner choice and the differential retreat from marriage. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00229.x
  • Settersten, R. A. (2003). Age structuring and the rhythm of the life course. In J. T. Mortimer & M. J. Shanahan (Eds.), Handbook of the life course (pp. 81–97). Kluwer Academic.
  • Settersten, R., & Trauten, M. (2010). On time and ties: Why the life course matters for old age politics. In R. Hudson (Ed.), The new politics of old age policy (pp. 141–159). JHU Press.
  • Sonnega, A., Faul, J. D., Ofstedal, M. B., Langa, K. M., Phillips, J. W., & Weir, D. R. (2014). Cohort profile: The Health and Retirement Study (HRS). International Journal of Epidemiology, 43(2), 576–585. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyu067
  • Timonen, V., & Doyle, M. (2014). Life-long singlehood: Intersections of the past and the present. Ageing & Society, 34(10), 1749–1770. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X13000500
  • Trail, T. E., & Karney, B. R. (2012). What’s (not) wrong with low‐income marriages. Journal of Marriage and Family, 74(3), 413–427. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2012.00977.x
  • Umberson, D., & Karas Montez, J. (2010). Social relationships and health: A flashpoint for health policy. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(1_suppl), S54–S66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146510383501
  • Vermunt, J. K. (2010). Latent class modeling with covariates: Two improved three-step approaches. Political Analysis, 18(4), 450–469. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpq025
  • Waite, L., & Gallagher, M. (2001). The case for marriage: Why married people are happier, healthier and better off financially. Crown.
  • Williams, D. T., & Baker, R. S. (2021). Family structure, risks, and racial stratification in poverty. Social Problems, 68(4), 964–985. https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spab018
  • Williams, D. T., Simon, L., & Cardwell, M. (2019). Black intimacies matter: The role of family status, gender, and cumulative risk on relationship quality among Black parents. Journal of African American Studies, 23(1–2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-019-09420-2
  • Zhang, X., & Sassler, S. (2023). Opting out of marriage? Factors predicting non-marriage by midlife across race, ethnicity, and gender. Social Currents, 10(5), 403–428. https://doi.org/10.1177/23294965221142769
  • Zissimopoulos, J. M., Karney, B. R., & Rauer, A. J. (2015). Marriage and economic well being at older ages. Review of Economics of the Household, 13(1), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-013-9205-x

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.