165
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Poison Centre Research

Delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol, delta-10 tetrahydrocannabinol, and tetrahydrocannabinol-O acetate exposures reported to America’s Poison Centers

, , , ORCID Icon, , , & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 256-266 | Received 04 Dec 2023, Accepted 02 Apr 2024, Published online: 30 Apr 2024

References

  • 115th Congress (2017-2018). H.R.2 - Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018. 2018. [accessed 2023 Dec 1]. Available from: https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/2/text
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA regulation of cannabis and cannabis-derived products, including cannabidiol (CBD). 2024. [accessed 2023 Dec 1]. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public-health-focus/fda-regulation-cannabis-and-cannabis-derived-products-including-cannabidiol-cbd
  • Geci M, Scialdone M, Tishler J. The dark side of cannabidiol: the unanticipated social and clinical implications of synthetic Δ8-THC. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2023;8(2):270–282. doi: 10.1089/can.2022.0126.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Increases in availability of cannabis products containing delta-8 THC and reported cases of adverse events. CDC Health Advisory. 2021 Sep 14; [accessed 2023 Dec 1]. Available from: https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2021/pdf/CDC_HAN__451.pdf
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 5 Things to know about delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol: delta-8 THC. Mo Med. 2022;119(1):21–22.
  • Johnson-Arbor K, Smolinske S. The current state of delta-8 THC. Am J Emerg Med. 2022;56:259–261. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.06.066.
  • LoParco CR, Olsson SE, Greene KM, et al. How are retailers describing delta-8 THC? A mixed-methods study in Fort Worth, Texas. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2023;84(2):298–302. doi: 10.15288/jsad.22-00287.
  • Babalonis S, Raup-Konsavage WM, Akpunonu PD, et al. Δ8-THC: legal status, widespread availability, and safety concerns. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2021;6(5):362–365. doi: 10.1089/can.2021.0097.
  • Ray CL, Bylo MP, Pescaglia J, et al. Delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol product impurities. Molecules. 2022;27(20):6924. doi: 10.3390/molecules27206924.
  • Holt AK, Poklis JL, Peace MR. Δ8-THC, THC-O acetates and CBD-di-O acetate: emerging synthetic cannabinoids found in commercially sold plant material and gummy edibles. J Anal Toxicol. 2022;46(8):940–948. doi: 10.1093/jat/bkac036.
  • Leas EC. The hemp loophole: a need to clarify the legality of delta-8-THC and other hemp-derived tetrahydrocannabinol compounds. Am J Public Health. 2021;111(11):1927–1931. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2021.306499.
  • LoParco CR, Rossheim ME, Walters ST, et al. Delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol: a scoping review and commentary. Addiction. 2023;118(6):1011–1028. doi: 10.1111/add.16142.
  • Bradley EK, Hoots BE, Bradley ES, et al. Unintentional ingestion of putative delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol by two youth requiring critical care: a case report. J Cannabis Res. 2023;5(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s42238-023-00176-x.
  • Kruger DJ, Amila K, Kaplan SM, et al. A content analysis of social media discussions on THC-O-acetate. Cannabis. 2023;6(2):13–21. doi: 10.26828/cannabis/2023/000164.
  • Szczypka G, Pepper JK, Kim A. Weed light: an exploratory study of delta-8 THC conversations on reddit. RTI Press Research Brief [Internet]. Research Triangle Park (NC): RTI Press; 2022 Jun. doi: 10.3768/rtipress.2022.rb.0030.2206.
  • U.S. Census Bureau. State population totals and components of change: 2020-2022. 2023. [accessed 2023 Dec 1]. Available from: https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-state-total.html
  • American Association of Poison Control Centers. National Poison Data System (NPDS): NPDS coding users’ manual. 2014; [accessed 2023 Dec 1]. Available from: https://prod-knowledge-repository.s3-us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com/references/NPDS%20Coding%20Users%20Manual%20%28May%202014%29.pdf
  • Tweet MS, Nemanich A, Wahl M. Pediatric edible cannabis exposures and acute toxicity: 2017-2021. Pediatrics. 2023;151(2):e2022057761. doi: 10.1542/peds.2022-057761.
  • Wang GS, Roosevelt G, Lait M-CL, et al. Association of unintentional pediatric exposures with decriminalization of marijuana in the United States. Ann Emerg Med. 2014;63(6):684–689. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.01.017.
  • Wang GS, Lait M-CL, Deakyne SJ, et al. Unintentional pediatric exposures to marijuana in Colorado, 2009-2015. JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170(9):e160971. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0971.
  • Wang GS, Hoyte C, Roosevelt G, et al. The continued impact of marijuana legalization on unintentional pediatric exposures in Colorado. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2019;58(1):114–116. doi: 10.1177/0009922818805206.
  • Onders B, Casavant MJ, Spiller HA, et al. Marijuana exposure among children younger than six years in the United States. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2016;55(5):428–436. doi: 10.1177/0009922815589912.
  • Thomas AA, Derau KV, Bradford MC, et al. Unintentional pediatric marijuana exposures prior to and after legalization and commercial availability of recreational marijuana in Washington state. J Emerg Med. 2019;56(4):398–404. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.01.004.
  • Pepin LC, Simon MW, Banerji S, et al. Toxic tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) dose in pediatric cannabis edible ingestions. Pediatrics. 2023;152(3):e2023061374. doi: 10.1542/peds.2023-061374.
  • Leubitz A, Spiller HA, Jolliff H, et al. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of unintentional ingestion of marijuana in children younger than 6 years in states with and without legalized marijuana laws. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2021;37(12):e969–e973. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000001841.
  • Bennett CE, Venkataramani A, Henretig FM, et al. Recent trends in marijuana-related hospital encounters in young children. Acad Pediatr. 2022;22(4):592–597. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2021.07.018.
  • Ompad DC, Snyder KM, Sandh S, et al. Copycat and lookalike edible cannabis product packaging in the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2022;235:109409. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109409.
  • Firth S. Lax regulation, colorful packaging, draw minors to delta-8 cannabinoids online. MedPage Today. 2023. [accessed 2023 Dec 1]. Available from: https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/aap/106950
  • Kaczor EE, Greene K, Babu KM, et al. Commercial delta-8 THC products: an analysis of content and labeling. J Med Toxicol. 2024;20(1):31–38. doi: 10.1007/s13181-023-00974-y.
  • Leas EC, Harati RM, Satybaldiyeva N, et al. Self-reported adverse events associated with Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-8-THC) use. J Cannabis Res. 2023;5(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s42238-023-00191-y.
  • Tagen M, Klumpers LE. Review of delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC): comparative pharmacology with Δ9-THC. Br J Pharmacol. 2022;179(15):3915–3933. Erratum in: Br J Pharmacol. 2023 Jan;180(1):130. doi: 10.1111/bph.15865.
  • Simon TA, Simon JH, Heaning EG, et al. Delta-8, a cannabis-derived tetrahydrocannabinol isomer: evaluating case report data in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Drug Healthc Patient Saf. 2023;15:25–38. doi: 10.2147/DHPS.S391857.
  • Benowitz NL, Havel C, Jacob P, et al. Vaping THC-O acetate: potential for another EVALI epidemic. J Med Toxicol. 2023;19(1):37–39. doi: 10.1007/s13181-022-00921-3.
  • Gummin DD, Mowry JB, Beuhler MC, et al. 2022 Annual report of the National Poison Data System (NPDS) from America’s Poison Centers: 40th annual report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2023;61(10):717–939. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2023.2268981.
  • U.S. Department of Justice, United States Drug Enforcement Administration. Implementation of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018. Fed Regist. 2020;85(163):51639–51645. [accessed 2023 Dec 1]. Available from https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2020-08-21/pdf/2020-17356.pdf
  • U.S. Department of Justice, United States Drug Enforcement Administration. Controlled substance schedules. 2023. [accessed 2023 Dec 1]. Available from: https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/orangebook/c_cs_alpha.pdf
  • Kruger JS, Kruger DJ. Delta-8-THC: delta-9-THC’s nicer younger sibling? J Cannabis Res. 2022;4(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s42238-021-00115-8.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.