Original ecology folksongs, myth, and showbiz: a case study of musical sustainability among the Bulang ethnic group in Yunnan, China

References

• Allen, Aaron S. 2011. ‘Ecomusicology: Ecocriticism and Musicology’. Journal of the American Musicological Society 64 (2): 391–4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appadurai, Arjun. 1990. ‘Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy’. Theory, Culture & Society 7 (2–3): 295–310.
   Google Scholar
• Baranovitch, Nimrod. 2001. ‘Between Alterity and Identity: New Voices of Minority People in China’. Modern China 27 (3): 359–401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blum, Susan D. 2001. Portraits of ‘Primitives’: Ordering Human Kinds in the Chinese Nation. Oxford: Roman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Blumenfield, Tami. 2018. ‘Recognition and Misrecognition: The Politics of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Southwest China’. In Chinese Heritage in the Making: Experiences, Negotiations and Contestations, edited by Christina Maags and Marina Svensson, 169–94. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bruckermann, Charlotte. 2016. ‘Trading on Tradition: Tourism, Ritual, and Capitalism in a Chinese Village’. Modern China 42 (2): 188–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung, Siu-Keung, Joseph Tse-Hei Lee and Lida V. Nedilsky, eds. 2009. Marginalization in China: Recasting Minority Politics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Chio, Jenny. 2014. A Landscape of Travel: The Work of Tourism in Rural Ethnic China. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chow, Chun Shing. 2005. ‘Cultural Diversity and Tourism Development in Yunnan Province, China’. Geography 90 (3): 294–303.
   Google Scholar
• Chun, Allen and Ned Rossiter. 2004. ‘Introduction: Cultural Imaginaries, Musical Communities, Reflexive Practices’. In Refashioning Pop Music in Asia: Cosmopolitan Flows, Political Tempos, and Aesthetic Industries, edited by Allen Chun, Ned Rossiter and Brian Shoesmith, 1–14. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, Paul. 1987. ‘Ethnic Minorities in Chinese Films: Cinema and the Exotic’. East-West Film Journal 1 (2): 15–31.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, Erik. 1988. ‘Authenticity and Commoditization in Tourism’. Annals of Tourism Research 15: 371–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connell, John and Chris Gibson. 2004. ‘World Music: Deterritorializing Place and Identity’. Progress in Human Geography 28 (3): 342–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornet, Candice. 2009. ‘Ethnic Tourism Development: Preliminary Data for the Dong Village of Zhaoxing, China’. In Ethnic Minorities and Regional Development in Asia: Reality and Challenges, edited by Huhua Cao, 193–204. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
   Google Scholar
• D’Amico, Leonardo. 2017. ‘Reality and Fiction: Audiovisual Representations of Traditional Musical Cultures in China’. Asian Musicology 27: 108–36.
   Google Scholar
• D’Amico, Leonardo. 2020. Audiovisual Ethnomusicology. Filming Musical Cultures. Bern: Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• D’Amico, Leonardo. 2023. ‘Ethnic Tourism and Folksongs: A Case Study among the Blang (Bulang) People of Yunnan, China’, Asiatische Studien/Études Asiatiques, https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515asia-2022-0001/html (accessed 30 January 2024).
   Google Scholar
• Dillon, Michael. 2017. Chinese Minorities at Home and Abroad. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Donaldson, John A. 2007. ‘Tourism, Development and Poverty Reduction in Guizhou and Yunnan’. The China Quarterly 190: 333–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eberhard, Wolfram. 1982. China’s Minorities: Yesterday and Today. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
   Google Scholar
• Edensor, Tim. 2000. ‘Staging Tourism. Tourists as Performers’. Annals of Tourism Research 27 (2): 322–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edensor, Tim. 2001. ‘Performing Tourism, Staging Tourism. (Re)producing Tourist Space and Practice’. Tourist Studies 1 (1): 59–81.
   Google Scholar
• Feld, Steven. 1994. ‘From Schizophonia to Schismogenesis: On the Discourses and Commodification Practices of “World Music” and “World Beat”’. In Music Grooves, edited by Charles Keil and Steven Feld, 257–89. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fraser, Richard. 2020. ‘Cultural Heritage, Ethnic Tourism, and Minority-state Relations amongst the Orochen in North-east China’. International Journal of Heritage Studies 26 (2): 178–200.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gladney, Dru C. 1994. ‘Representing Nationality in China: Refiguring Majority/Minority Identities’. The Journal of Asian Studies 53 (1): 92–123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorfinkel, Lauren. 2017. Chinese Television and National Identity Construction: The Cultural Politics of Music-Entertainment Programmes. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gotham, Kevin Fox. 2002. ‘Marketing Mardi Gras: Commodification, Spectacle and the Political Economy of Tourism in New Orleans.’ Urban Studies 39 (10): 1735–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottdiener, Mark. 1997. The Theming of America. Oxford: Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Graburn, Nelson. 2015. ‘Ethnic Tourism in Rural China: Cultural or Economic “Development”?’. In Ethnic and Minority Cultures as Tourist Attractions, edited by Anya Diekmann and Melanie Kay Smith, 176–86. Bristol: Channel View Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Greenwood, Davydd J. 1977. ‘Culture by the Pound: An Anthropological Perspective on Tourism as Cultural Commoditization’. In Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism, edited by Valene L. Smith, 129–38. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
   Google Scholar
• Han, Xiao. 2022. ‘Reconstruction of Ethnicity and Production of Pu’er Tea in Post-Mao China: A Case Study of Bulang Ethnic Group in Mangjing Village, Yunnan Province’. Asian Ethnicity 24 (3): 344–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrell, Steven. 1995. Cultural encounters on China's ethnic frontiers. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hobsbawm, Eric and Terence Ranger, eds. 1983. The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Horton, Chris. 2007. ‘Kunming Residents: By the Numbers’. GoKunming, 15 October 2007. https://www.gokunming.com/en/blog/item/397/kunming-residents-by-the-numbers (accessed 30 January 2024).
   Google Scholar
• Howard, Keith. 2012. Music as Intangible Cultural Heritage: Policy, Ideology, and Practice in the Preservation of East Asian Traditions. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, Junting. 2019. ‘Kawa: Rediscovering Indigeneity in China via Reggae’. Sounding Out!, 19 August 2019. https://soundstudiesblog.com/2019/08/19/kawa-rediscovering-indigeneity-in-china-via-reggae (accessed 30 January 2024).
   Google Scholar
• Huibin, Xing, Azizan Marzuki and Arman Abdul Razak. 2012. ‘Protective Development of Cultural Heritage Tourism: The Case of Lijiang, China’. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management 7 (1): 39–54.
   Google Scholar
• IhChina. 2021. ‘Representative List of the National Intangible Cultural Heritage of China.’ http://www.ihchina.cn/project.html (accessed 30 January 2024).
   Google Scholar
• Ingram, Catherine and Jiaping Wu. 2017. ‘Research, Cultural Heritage, and Ethnic Identity: Evaluating the Influence of Kam Big Song Research of the 1950s’. Asian Ethnology 76 (1): 65–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komlosy, Anouska. 2008. ‘Yunnanese Sounds: Creativity and Alterity in the Dance and Music Scenes of Urban Yunnan’. People’s Republic of China: An International Journal 6 (1): 44–68.
   Google Scholar
• Kozinetz, Robert V. 2010. Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Kuang, Jia and Lan He. 2022. ‘From Oblivion to Reappearance: A Multi-Faceted Evaluation of the Sustainability of Folk Music in Yunnan Province of China’. SAGE Open 12 (3): 1–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau, Frederick. 1998. ‘Packaging Identity through Sound: Tourist Performances in Contemporary China’. Journal of Musicological Research 17 (2): 113–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Jing. 2004. Molding Dai-ness on China’s Periphery: Ethnic Tourism and the Politics of Identity Construction in Contemporary Xishuang Banna. PhD dissertation. Philadelphia.: University of Pennsylvania.
   Google Scholar
• Li, Jing. 2013. ‘The Making of Ethnic Yunnan on the National Mall: Minority Folksong and Dance Performances, Provincial Identity, and “The Artifying of Politics” (Zhengzhi Yishuhua)’. Modern China 39 (1): 69–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Yiping and Tom Hinch. 1997. ‘Ethnic Tourism Attractions and Their Prospect for Sustainable Development at Two Sites and China and Canada’. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 2 (1): 5–17.
   Google Scholar
• Ling, Zhao. 2022. The Making of Intangible Heritage in Chinese Ethnic Minorities: An Ethnographic Study on Intangible Cultural Heritage, Power, Identity and Social Changes in Bulang Ethnic Group’. MA thesis. Australia: University of Queensland.
   Google Scholar
• Ma, Rong. 2017. ‘Reconstructing ‘Nation’ (Mminzu) Discourses in China’. International Journal of Anthropology and Ethnology 1 (1): 1–15.
   Google Scholar
• Mackerras, Colin. 1984. ‘Folksong and Dance of China’s Minority Nationalities: Policy, Tradition, and Professionalization’. Modern China 10 (2): 187–226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng, Ren. 2016. Yunnan Reggae: Music and Politics’. MA thesis. Columbia.: University of Missouri.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, Lucien, ed. 1994. South of the Clouds: Tales from Yunnan. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mullaney, Thomas S. 2010. ‘Seeing for the State: The Role of Social Scientists in China’s Ethnic Classification Project’. Asian Ethnicity 11 (3): 325–42.
   Google Scholar
• Mullaney, Thomas S. 2019. Coming to Terms with the Nation: Ethnic Classification in Modern China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Oakes, Tim. 1992. ‘Cultural Geography and Chinese Ethnic Tourism’. Journal of Cultural Geography 12 (2): 2–17.
   Google Scholar
• Oakes, Tim. 1997. ‘Ethnic Tourism in Rural Guizhou’. In Tourism, Ethnicity, and State in Asian and Pacific societies, edited by Michel Picard and Robert E. Wood, 35–70. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
   Google Scholar
• Oakes, Tim. 1998. Tourism and Modernity in China. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Oakes, Tim. 2006. ‘The Village as Theme Park: Mimesis and Authenticity in Chinese Tourism’. In Translocal China: Linkages, Identities, and the Reimagining of Space, edited by Tim Oakes and Louisa Schein, 166–92. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ong, Walter. 1982. Orality and Literacy. The Technologizing of the World. London, New York: Methuen.
   Google Scholar
• Qian, Lijuan. 2017. ‘Which Identity Matters? Competing Ethnicities in Chinese TV Music Contests’. The World of Music 6 (2): 57–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qing, Lin and Lian Zheng. 2018. ‘On Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in China from the Intellectual Property Rights Perspective’. Sustainability 10 (12): 4369.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rees, Helen. 1998. ‘“Authenticity” and the Foreign Audience for Traditional Music in Southwest China’. Journal of Musicological Research 17 (2): 135–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rees, Helen. 2000. Echoes of History. Naxi Music in Modern China. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rees, Helen. 2003. ‘The Age of Consent: Traditional Music, Intellectual Property and Changing Attitudes in the People’s Republic of China’. British Journal of Ethnomusicology 12 (1): 137–71.
   Google Scholar
• Rees, Helen. 2016. ‘Environmental Crisis, Culture Loss, and a New Musical Aesthetic: China’s ‘Original Ecology Folksongs’ in Theory and Practice’. Ethnomusicology 60 (1): 53–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renard, Ronald D. 2015. ‘Mon-Khmer Peoples and Thai Culture’. In Mon-Khmer: People of the Mekong Region, edited by Ronald D. Renard and Anchalee Singhanetra-Renard, 1–48. Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ruskin, Jesse D. and Timothy Rice. 2012. ‘The Individual in Musical Ethnography’. Ethnomusicology 56 (2): 299–327.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schein, Louisa. 1997. ‘Gender and Internal Orientalism China’. Modern China 23 (l): 69–98.
   Google Scholar
• Sofield, Trevor and Fung Mei Sarah Li. 2007. ‘Indigenous Minorities of China and Effects of Tourism’. In Tourism and Indigenous Peoples: Issues and Implications, edited by Richard Butler and Tom Hinch, 265–80. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Stock, Jonathan. 2001. ‘Toward an Ethnomusicology of the Individual, or Biographical Writing in Ethnomusicology’. The World of Music 43 (1): 5–19.
   Google Scholar
• Su, Junjie. 2019. ‘Understanding the Changing Intangible Cultural Heritage in Tourism Commodification: The Music Players’ Perspective from Lijiang, China’. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change 17 (3): 247–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su, Xiaobo. 2011. ‘Commodification and the Selling of Ethnic Music to Tourists’. Geoforum 42 (4): 496–505.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swain, Margaret Byrne. 1989. ‘Developing Ethnic Tourism in Yunnan, China: Shilin Sani’. Tourism Recreation Research 14 (1): 33–9.
   Google Scholar
• Swain, Margaret Byrne. 1990. ‘Commoditizing Ethnicity in Southwest China’. Cultural Survival Quarterly 14 (1): 26–9.
   Google Scholar
• Titon, Jeff T. 2009. ‘Music and Sustainability: An Ecological Viewpoint’. The World of Music 51 (1): 119–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titon, Jeff T. 2015. ‘Sustainability, Resilience, and Adaptive Management for Applied Ethnomusicology’. In The Oxford Handbook of Applied Ethnomusicology, edited by Jeff T. Titon and Svanibor Pettan, 157–95. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Turino, Thomas. 2008. Music as Social Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Walsh, Eileen Rose and Margaret Byrne Swain. 2004. ‘Creating Modernity by Touring Paradise: Domestic Ethnic Tourism in Yunnan, China’. Tourism Recreation Research 29 (2): 59–68.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Jin. 2015. ‘Analysis of the Inheritance and Development of Original Ecology Music’. Cross-Cultural Communication 11 (3): 106–9.
   Google Scholar
• Weng, Lisheng, Bao-Jie He, Lina Liu, Chenxi Li and Xin Zhang. 2019. ‘Sustainability Assessment of Cultural Heritage Tourism: Case Study of Pingyao Ancient City in China’. Sustainability 11 (5): 1392.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xi, Chunai and Qin Li. 2016. ‘Cultural Security and Adaptation of Cross-border Ethnic Intangible Cultural Heritage. The Case Study of Bulang Nationality’s Singing and Instrument Playing in Xishuangbanna’. Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Public Management (ICPM 2016). https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/icpm-16/25857485 (accessed 30 January 2024).
   Google Scholar
• Xi, Chunai, Qin Li and Yinzhu Zhang. 2012. ‘Ethnic Cultural Identity Crisis and Its Adaptation—Taking Blang Ethnic Group in Yunnan Province as an Example’. Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Public Management (ICPM 2012). https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/icpm-12/2870 (accessed 30 January 2024).
   Google Scholar
• Yang, Bin. 2009. ‘Central State, Local Governments, Ethnic Groups and the Minzu Identification in Yunnan (1950s–1980s)’. Modern Asian Studies 43 (3): 741–75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Fuquan. 2016a. ‘Ethnic Heritage in Yunnan: Contradictions and Challenges’. In Reconsidering Cultural Heritage in East Asia, edited by Akira Matsuda and Luisa Elena Mengoni, 87–102. London: Ubiquity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, Li. 2011a. ‘Ethnic Tourism and Cultural Representation’. Annals of Tourism Research 38 (2): 561–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Li. 2011b. ‘Minorities, Tourism and Ethnic Theme Parks: Employees’ Perspectives from Yunnan, China’. Journal of Cultural Geography 28 (2): 311–38.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, Li. 2011c. ‘Cultural Tourism in an Ethnic Theme Park: Tourists’ Views’. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change 9 (4): 320–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Li. 2016b. ‘Cultural Representation in the Yunnan Ethnic Folk Villages: Tensions and Contradictions’. Travel and Tourism Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally 14: 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, Minkang. 2012. 一维两阈: 布朗族音乐文化志/ Yī wéi liǎng yù: Bùlǎng zú yīnyuè wénhuà zhì (One Dimension and Two Thresholds: Musical Culture History of the Bulang Nationality). Beijing: Central Conservatory of Music (CCOM).
   Google Scholar
• Yang, Li and Geoffrey Wall. 2008. ‘Ethnic Tourism and Entrepreneurship: Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China’. Tourism Geographies 10 (4): 522–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Li and Geoffrey Wall 2009. ‘Authenticity in Ethnic Tourism: Domestic Tourists’ Perspectives’. Current Issues in Tourism 12 (3): 235–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Li, Geoffrey Wall and Stephen L. J. Smith. 2006. ‘Ethnic Tourism Development: Chinese Government Perspectives’. Annals of Tourism Research 35 (3): 751–71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You, Jiaying. 2016. Creative Factors and Ethnic-folk Dance: A Case Study of the Peacock Dance in China (1949–2013)’. PhD dissertation. Canada: University of Alberta.
   Google Scholar
• Yuan, Li Xi. 2015. ‘Ethnicity or nationality?: Minority policy and ethnic conflict in contemporary China'. In Ethnicity as a Political Resource: Conceptualizations across Disciplines, Regions, and Periods, edited by University of Cologne Forum »Ethnicity as a Political Resource«, 151–168. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783839430132-012.
   Google Scholar
• Zemp, Hugo and Vida Malkus. 1979. ‘Aspects of ‘Are’Are Musical Theory’. Ethnomusicology 23 (1): 5–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Yingjin. 1997. ‘From “Minority Film” to “Minority Discourse”: Questions of Nationhood and Ethnicity in Chinese Cinema’. Cinema Journal 36 (3): 73–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, Ying. 2001. 布朗族⽂化史 (A Cultural History of the Bulang Ethnic Nationality). Kunming: Yunnan Ethnicity Publishing House.
   Google Scholar
• Filmography
   Google Scholar
• D’Amico, Leonardo. 2023. Bulang Music. From the Mountain to the Stars. Italy: Multi Culti. https://vimeo.com/814870942 (accessed 30 January 2024).
   Google Scholar
• Debell, Sam. 2021. A Beautiful Bulang Flower (美丽的布朗花). China: Sea of Wood. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVNFFQAHNVc (accessed 30 January 2024).
   Google Scholar
• Personal communication
   Google Scholar
• Ai Wen Lun. 2017. An interview about Bulang traditional music on 17 March 2017 in Manxi village, China.
   Google Scholar
• Yu Kan La. 2017. An interview about Bulang traditional music on 17 March 2017 in Manxi village, China.
   Google Scholar
• Internet research
   Google Scholar
• Youtube.com
   Google Scholar
• The music video of A Beautiful Bulang Flower. China: Sea of Wood, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVNFFQAHNVc (accessed 30 January 2024).
   Google Scholar
• The video clip “Bulang Beauty” by L’Entourloop and Puman, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nkemtn2ZFFo (accessed 30 January 2024).
   Google Scholar
• CCTV.com (China Central Television)
   Google Scholar
• The performance of the troupe Bulang Ximei at the TV show Xing Guang Da Dao (‘Avenue of Stars’), broadcast by CCTV (China Central Television) on 4 April 2017, https://tv.cctv.com/2017/04/14/VIDEHovPmQ8qhN59wCm9VQ1X170414.shtml (accessed 30 January 2024).
   Google Scholar
• Cri.cn (China Radio International)
   Google Scholar
• Interview with Ai Waluo, published on 28 August 2016, http://news.cri.cn/20160928/9a3eeed4-89a1-ae94-e293-5c6581c0d2b6-2.html (accessed 30 January 2024).
   Google Scholar
• Baidu.com
   Google Scholar
• Interview with Yu Kan La, published on 19 August 2019, https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1645085533227054902&wfr=spider&for=pc (accessed 30 January 2024).
   Google Scholar
• Neac.gov.cn (National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China)
   Google Scholar
• Interview with Yu Kan La and Ai Waluo, published on 28 August 2019, https://www.neac.gov.cn/seac/c102851/201909/1137207.shtml (accessed 30 January 2024).
   Google Scholar
• Guangming.com
   Google Scholar
• Interview with Yu Kan La and Ai Waluo, published on 28 August 2019, https://feiyi.gmw.cn/2019-09/28/content_33285841.htm (accessed 30 January 2024).
   Google Scholar