Perceived barriers to implementing building information modeling in Iranian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs): a Delphi survey of construction experts

References

• Abbasi, O., Noorzai, E., Gharouni Jafari, K., & Golabchi, M. (2020). Exploring the causes of delays in construction industry using a cause-and-effect diagram: Case study for Iran. Journal of Architectural Engineering, 26(3), 05020008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abubakar, M., Ibrahim, Y., Kado, D., & Bala, K. (2014). Contractors’ perception of the factors affecting Building Information Modelling (BIM) adoption in the Nigerian construction industry. Computing in Civil and Building Engineering,?(?), 167–178.
   Google Scholar
• Alreshidi, E., Mourshed, M., & Rezgui, Y. (2017). Factors for effective BIM governance. Journal of Building Engineering, 10, 89–101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ansari, M. (2020). Investigation of BIM Implementation Barriers in Iranian Construction Industry (Master’s thesis, Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU)-Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)).
   Google Scholar
• Anuar, K. F., & Abidin, M. (2015). The challenges in implementing building information model (BIM) for SME’S contractor in the construction industry. Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur Research Journal, 3(?), 40–49.
   Google Scholar
• Arashpour, M., Wakefield, R., Blismas, N., & Abbasi, B. (2016). Quantitative analysis of rate-driven and due date–driven construction: Production efficiency, supervision, and controllability in residential projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 142(?), 05015012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arayici, Y., Coates, P., Koskela, L., Kagioglou, M., Usher, C., & O’reilly, K. (2011). BIM adoption and implementation for architectural practices. Structural survey,?(?), page numbers.
   Google Scholar
• Arrotéia, A. v., Freitas, R. C., & Melhado, S. B. (2021). Barriers to BIM adoption in Brazil. Frontiers in Built Environment, 7(March), Article 520154. doi:10.3389/fbuil.2021.520154
   Google Scholar
• Asare, R., Akuobea, M., Quaye, W., & Atta-Antwi, K. (2015). Characteristics of micro, small and medium enterprises in Ghana: Gender and implications for economic growth. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 7, 26–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asgari Siahboomy, M., Sarvari, H., Chan, D. W. M., Nassereddine, H., & Chen, Z. (2021). A multi-criteria optimization study for locating industrial warehouses with the integration of BIM and GIS data. Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 17(5–6), 478–495.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayinla, K. O., & Adamu, Z. (2018). Bridging the digital divide gap in BIM technology adoption. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 25(10), 1398–1416.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azhar, S., Nadeem, A., Mok, J. Y., & Leung, B. H. (2008). Building Information Modeling (BIM): A new paradigm for visual interactive modeling and simulation for construction projects. Proceeding of the First International Conference on Construction in Developing Countries. 435–446.
   Google Scholar
• Bataw, A., Burrows, M., & Kirkham, R. (2014). The challenges of adopting Building Information Modelling (BIM) principles within Small to Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). In N. Dawood & S. Alkass (Eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality (pp. 318–324). 16–18 November 2014, Sharjah, UAE.
   Google Scholar
• Bosch-Sijtsema, P., Isaksson, A., Lennartsson, M., & Linderoth, H. C. (2017). Barriers and facilitators for BIM use among Swedish medium-sized contractors - “We wait until someone tells us to use it”. Visualization in Engineering, 5, 1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Bui, N., Merschbrock, C., & Munkvold, B. E. (2016). A review of building information modelling for construction in developing countries. Procedia Engineering, 164, 487–494.
   Google Scholar
• Cao, D., Li, H., Wang, G., & Huang, T. (2015). Identifying and contextualizing the motivations for BIM implementation in construction projects: An empirical study in China. International Journal of Project Management, 35(4), 658–669. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2016.02.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chahrour, R., Hafeez, M. A., Ahmad, A. M., Sulieman, H. I., Dawood, H., Rodriguez-Trejo, S., … Dawood, N. (2021). Cost-benefit analysis of BIM-enabled design clash detection and resolution. Construction Management and Economics, 39(1), 55–72. doi:10.1080/01446193.2020.1802768
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, C. T. (2014). Barriers of implementing BIM in construction industry from the designers’ perspective: A Hong Kong experience. Journal of System and Management Sciences, 4(?), 24–40.
   Google Scholar
• Chan, D. W. M., Olawumi, T. O., & Ho, A. M. L. (2019). Critical success factors for building information modelling (BIM) implementation in Hong Kong. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(9), 1838–1854. doi:10.1108/ECAM-05-2018-0204
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlson, J., & Oduoza, C. (2014). Legal risk identification for SMEs in the construction industry In: Raiden, A B and Aboagye-Nimo, E (Eds) Procs 30th Annual ARCOM Conference, 1-3 September 2014, Portsmouth, UK, Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 507–515.
   Google Scholar
• Chileshe, N., Rameezdeen, R., Hosseini, M. R., Martek, I., Li, H. X., & Panjehbashi-Aghdam, P. (2018). Factors driving the implementation of reverse logistics: A quantified model for the construction industry. Waste Management, 79, 48–57. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2018.07.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chilisa, B., & Kawulich, B. (2012). Selecting a research approach: paradigm, methodology and methods. Doing social research: A global context. Retrieved from URL: http://jurnalhikmah.staisumatera-medan.ac.id/index.php/hikmah/article/download/10/13
   Google Scholar
• Dainty, A., Leiringer, R., Fernie, S., & Harty, C. (2017). BIM and the small construction firm: A critical perspective. Building Research & Information, 45, 696–709.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng, Y., Li, J., Wu, Q., Pei, S., Xu, N., & Ni, G. (2020). Using network theory to explore BIM application barriers for BIM sustainable development in China. Sustainability, 12(8), Article Number 3190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dossick, C. S., & Neff, G. (2010). Organizational divisions in BIM-enabled commercial construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 136(?), 459–467.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eastman, C. M., Eastman, C., Teicholz, P., Sacks, R., & Liston, K. (2011). BIM handbook: A guide to building information modeling for owners, managers, designers, engineers and contractors. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Enjolras, M., Camargo, M., & Schmitt, C. (2019). Are high-tech companies more competitive than others? An empirical study of innovative and exporting French SMEs. Technology Innovation Management Review, 9(1), page numbers.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enshassi, A., Ayyash, A., & Choudhry, R. M. (2016). BIM for construction safety improvement in gaza strip: Awareness, applications and barriers. International Journal of Construction Management, 16(?), 249–265.
   Google Scholar
• Farhikhteh, S., Kazemi, A., Shahin, A., & Shafiee, M. M. (2020). How competitiveness factors propel SMEs to achieve competitive advantage? Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal,?(?), page numbers.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fazeli, A., Dashti, M. S., Jalaei, F., & Khanzadi, M. (2020). An integrated BIM-based approach for cost estimation in construction projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management,?(?), page numbers.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsythe, P. (2014). The case for BIM uptake among small construction contracting businesses. ISARC. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. IAARC Publications, 1.
   Google Scholar
• Furry, A. W., Dewi, L., & Suhendri, S. (2017). The challenges of implementing building information modeling in small-medium enterprises architecture firms in Indonesia. Paper presented at the19th International Conference of Architecture, Interior Design, and Construction Management, London, available at URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315652420_The_Challenges_of_Implementing_Building_Information_Modeling_in_Small-Medium_Enterprises_Architecture_Firms_in_Indonesia
   Google Scholar
• Gamil, Y., & Rahman, I. A. R. (2019). Awareness and challenges of building information modelling (BIM) implementation in the Yemen construction industry. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 17(5), 1077–1084. doi:10.1108/JEDT-03-2019-0063
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia, J. A., Mollaoglu, S., & Syal, M. (2018). Implementation of BIM in small home-building businesses. Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 23, 04018007.
   Google Scholar
• Ghaffarianhoseini, A. A., Rehman, A., Doan, D. T., Zhang, T., Ghaffarianhoseini, A., Naismith, N., & Tookey, J. (2016). A BIM Readiness & Implementation Strategy for SME Construction Companies in the UK. In Proceedings of the 33rd CIB W78 Conference 2016 (pp. 102–104). Oct. 31st – Nov. 2nd 2016, Brisbane, Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Ghoddousi, P., Poorafshar, O., Chileshe, N., & Hosseini, M. R. (2015). Labour productivity in Iranian construction projects: Perceptions. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 64(6), 811–830.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gledson, B., Henry, D., & Bleanch, P. (2012). Does size matter? Experiences and perspectives of BIM implementation from large and SME construction contractors. In: 1st UK Academic Conference on Building Information Management (BIM) 2012, 5–7 September 2012, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Grisham, T. (2009). The Delphi technique: A method for testing complex and multifaceted topics. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 2(1), 112–130. doi:10.1108/17538370910930545
   Google Scholar
• Hamdi, O., & Leite, F. (2014). Conflicting side of building information modeling implementation in the construction industry. Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction, 6(?), 03013004.
   Google Scholar
• Hamledari, H., & Fischer, M. (2021). Construction payment automation using blockchain-enabled smart contracts and robotic reality capture technologies. Automation in Construction, 132(March), 103926. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103926
   Google Scholar
• Heravi, G., & Mohammadian, M. (2021). Investigating cost overruns and delay in urban construction projects in Iran. International Journal of Construction Management, 21(9), 958–968.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, Y., Hammad, A. W., & Akbarnezhad, A. (2019a). Impact of organization size and project type on BIM adoption in the Chinese construction market. Construction Management and Economics, 37(?), 675–691.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, Y., Hammad, A. W., Sepasgozar, S., & Akbarnezhad, A. (2019b). BIM adoption model for small and medium construction organizations in Australia. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(2), 154–183. doi:10.1108/ECAM-04-2017-0064
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseini, M., Namzadi, M. O., Rameezdeen, R., Banihashemi, S., & Chileshe, N. (2016a). Barriers to BIM adoption: Perceptions from Australian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). AUBEA 2016: Proceedings of the 40th Australasian Universities Building Education Association Annual Conference, 2016a. Central Queensland University, 271–280.
   Google Scholar
• Hosseini, M. R., Banihashemi, S., Chileshe, N., Namzadi, M. O., Udeaja, C., Rameezdeen, R., & Mccuen, T. (2016b). BIM adoption within Australian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): an innovation diffusion model. Construction Economics and Building, 16(?), 71–86.
   Google Scholar
• Hosseini, M. R., Pärn, E., Edwards, D., Papadonikolaki, E., & Oraee, M. (2018). Roadmap to mature BIM use in Australian SMEs: Competitive dynamics perspective. Journal of Management in Engineering, 34(?), 05018008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalali, A., Jaafar, M., & Thurasamy, R. (2013). Influence of entrepreneurial orientation on the financial performance: Evidence from SMEs in Iran. Middle East Journal of Management, 1(2), 168–185.
   Google Scholar
• Jayasena, H. S., & Weddikkara, C. (2012). Building information modelling for Sri Lankan construction industry. World Construction Conference, 2012. 196–201.
   Google Scholar
• Jung, W., & Lee, G. (2015). The status of BIM adoption on six continents. International Journal of Civil, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering, 9(5), 406–410.
   Google Scholar
• Kassem, M., Brogden, T., & Dawood, N. (2012). BIM and 4D planning: A holistic study of the barriers and drivers to widespread adoption. Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management, 2(?), 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Kattirtzi, M., & Winskel, M. (2020). When experts disagree: Using the Policy Delphi method to analyze divergent expert expectations and preferences on UK energy futures. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 153, 119924.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khanzadi, M., Sheikhkhoshkar, M., & Banihashemi, S. (2020). BIM applications toward key performance indicators of construction projects in Iran. International Journal of Construction Management, 20(4), 305–320.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khoshfetrat, R., Sarvari, H., Chan, D. W. M., & Rakhshanifar, M. (2022). Critical risk factors for implementing building information modelling (BIM): a Delphi-based survey. International Journal of Construction Management, 22(12), 2375–2384. doi:10.1080/15623599.2020.1788759
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khosravi, M., Sarvari, H., Chan, D. W. M., Cristofaro, M., & Chen, Z. (2020). Determining and assessing the risks of commercial and recreational complex building projects in developing countries: A survey of experts in Iran. Journal of Facilities Management, 18(3), 259–282. doi:10.1108/JFM-02-2020-0010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kori, S. A., Itanola, M., & Saka, A. B. (2019). The capability and support of structure capital on BIM innovation in SME. Information and Knowledge Management, 9(2), 56–66.
   Google Scholar
• KOSGEB, Republic of Turkey Small and Medium Enterprises Development Organization. (2012). Enhancing the competitiveness of SMEs in Turkey Country Report, KOSGEB, p.3.
   Google Scholar
• Kouch, A. M., Illikainen, K., & Perälä, S. (2018). Key factors of an initial BIM implementation framework for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). ISARC. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. IAARC Publications, 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Kuiper, I., & Holzer, D. (2013). Rethinking the contractual context for building information modelling (BIM) in the Australian built environment industry. Construction Economics and Building, 13(?), 1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Lam, T. T., Mahdjoubi, L., & Mason, J. (2017). A framework to assist in the analysis of risks and rewards of adopting BIM for SMEs in the UK. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 23(6), 740–752. doi:10.3846/13923730.2017.1281840
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leśniak, A., Górka, M., & Skrzypczak, I. (2021). Barriers to BIM implementation in architecture, construction, and engineering projects—the Polish study. Energies, 14(8), 2090.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, P., Zheng, S., Si, H., & Xu, K. (2019). Critical challenges for BIM adoption in small and medium-sized enterprises: Evidence from China. Advances in Civil Engineering,?(?), page numbers.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, H., & Liu, Q. (2014). Research on the development barriers of BIM in China. Applied Mechanics and Materials,?(?), 691–694.
   Google Scholar
• Malacarne, G., Toller, G., Marcher, C., Riedl, M., & Matt, D. T. (2018). Investigating benefits and criticisms of BIM for construction scheduling in SMEs: An Italian case study. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 13(?), 139–150.
   Google Scholar
• May, J. O., & Looney, S. W. (2022). On sample size determination when comparing two independent Spearman or Kendall coefficients. Open Journal of Statistics, 12(2), 291–302.
   Google Scholar
• Mcauley, B., & Carroll, P. (2017). Establishing the Key Pillars of Innovation Required to Execute a Successful BIM Strategy Within a Construction SME in Ireland.
   Google Scholar
• Meža, S., Turk, Ž, & Dolenc, M. (2015). Measuring the potential of augmented reality in civil engineering. Advances in Engineering Software, 90, 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.advengsoft.2015.06.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Migilinskas, D., Popov, V., Juocevicius, V., & Ustinovichius, L. (2013). The benefits, obstacles and problems of practical BIM implementation. Procedia Engineering, 57, 767–774.
   Google Scholar
• Monozam, N. H., Monazam, H. H., Hosseini, M. R., & Zaeri, F.. (2016). Barriers to adopting Building Information Modeling (BIM) within South Australian small and medium sized enterprises. Fifth International Scientific Conference on Project Management in the Baltic Countries, Riga, University of Latvia, April 14-15, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Munro, D. (2013). A guide to financing SMEs. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Naradda Gamage, S. K., Ekanayake, E. M. S., Abeyrathne, G. A. K. N. J., Prasanna, R. P. I. R., Jayasundara, J. M. S. B., & Rajapakshe, P. S. K. (2020). A review of global challenges and survival strategies of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Economies, 8(4), 79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olawumi, T. O., & Chan, D. W. M. (2018). Identifying and prioritizing the benefits of integrating BIM and sustainability practices in construction projects: A Delphi survey of international experts. Sustainable Cities and Society, 40(July), 16–27. doi:10.1016/j.scs.2018.03.033
   Google Scholar
• Olawumi, T. O., & Chan, D. W. M. (2020). Concomitant impediments to the implementation of smart sustainable practices in the built environment. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 21(January), 239–251. doi:10.1016/j.spc.2019.09.001
   Google Scholar
• Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Combs, J. P. (2010). Emergent data analysis techniques in mixed methods research: A synthesis. In A. Tashakkori & C. Teddlie (Eds.), Sage handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research (2nd ed. pp. 397–430). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, B. (2007). SME: Issues, challenges and prospects. Presented at the International Conference on Financial System Strategy (FSS) 2020. Organized by the Central Bank of Nigeriain Abuja from 18th to 20th June 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Pan, M., & Pan, W. (2019). Determinants of adoption of robotics in precast concrete production for buildings. Journal of Management in Engineering, 35(5). doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000706
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poirier, E., Staub-French, S., & Forgues, D. (2015). Embedded contexts of innovation: BIM adoptionand implementation for a specialty contracting SME. Construction Innovation: Information, Process, Management, 15(?), 42–65. doi:10.1108/CI-01-2014-0013
   Google Scholar
• Preidel, C., Borrmann, A., Oberender, C., & Tretheway, M. (2016). Seamless integration of common data environment access into BIM authoring applications: The BIM integration framework.
   Google Scholar
• Purwanto, A., Asbari, M., Santoso, T. I., Sunarsi, D., & Ilham, D. (2021). Education research quantitative analysis for little respondents: Comparing of Lisrel, Tetrad, GSCA, Amos, SmartPLS, WarpPLS, and SPSS. Jurnal Studi Guru Dan Pembelajaran, 4(2), 335–350.
   Google Scholar
• Rafieyan, A., Sarvari, H., Beer, M., & Chan, D. W. M. (2022). Determining the effective factors leading to incidence of human error accidents in industrial parks construction projects: Results of a fuzzy Delphi survey. International Journal of Construction Management, 1–13. doi:10.1080/15623599.2022.2159630
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saka, A. B., & Chan, D. W. M. (2020a). Knowledge, skills and functionalities requirements for quantity surveyors in building information modelling (BIM) work environment: An international Delphi study. Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 16(3), 227–246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saka, A. B., & Chan, D. W. M. (2020b). Profound barriers to building information modelling (BIM) adoption in construction small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): An interpretive structural modelling approach. Construction Innovation: Information, Process, Management, 20(2), 261–284. doi:10.1108/CI-09-2019-0087
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarvari, H., Chan, D. W. M., Alaeos, A. K. F., Olawumi, T. O., & Aldaud, A. A. A. (2021). Critical success factors for managing construction small and medium-sized enterprises in developing countries of Middle East: Evidence from Iranian construction enterprises. Journal of Building Engineering, 43, Article Number 103152, 15 pages.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarvari, H., Chan, D. W. M., Rakhshanifar, M., Banaitiene, N., & Banaitis, A. (2020). Evaluating the impact of Building Information Modeling (BIM) on mass house building projects. Buildings - Special Issue on “Sustainable Development of Buildings: Design, Construction, Quality Inspection, Operation Management”, 10(2), Article Number 35, 16 pages.
   Google Scholar
• Sarvari, H., Valipour, A., Yahya, N., Noor, N. M., Beer, M., & Banaitiene, N. (2019). Approaches to risk identification in public-private partnership projects: Malaysian private partners’ overview. Administrative Sciences, 9(1), 1–17. doi:10.3390/admsci9010017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, R. C. (1997). Managing Delphi surveys using nonparametric statistical techniques. Decision Sciences, 28(3), 763–774.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sears, S. K., Clough, R. H., & Sears, G. A. (2008). Construction project management: A practical guide to field construction management. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Sexton, M., & Barrett, P. (2004). The role of technology transfer in innovation within small construction firms. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 11(5), 342–348. doi:10.1108/09699980410558539
   Google Scholar
• Shelton, J., Martek, I., & Chen, C. (2016). Implementation of innovative technologies in small-scale construction firms. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 23(2), 177–191. doi:10.1108/ECAM-01-2015-0006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SMEinfo. (2019). Official National SME definition. Retrieved from https://smeinfo.com.my/official-national-sme-definition
   Google Scholar
• Sompolgrunk, A., Banihashemi, S., Hosseini, M. R., Golzad, H., & Hajirasouli, A. (2023). An integrated model of BIM return on investment for Australian small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(5), 2048–2074.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanley, R., & Thurnell, D. (2014). The benefits of, and barriers to, implementation of 5D BIM for quantity surveying in New Zealand. Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 14(1), 105–117.
   Google Scholar
• Tavassolirizi, M., Sarvari, H., Chan, D. W. M., & Olawumi, T. O. (2022). Factors affecting delays in rail transportation projects using Analytic Network Process: The case of Iran. International Journal of Construction Management, 22(14), 2712–2723. doi:10.1080/15623599.2020.1819946
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terzi, S., & Moroni, L. (2022). Local concordance and some applications. Social Indicators Research, 161, 457–470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tranchant, A., Beladjine, D., & Beddiar, K. (2017). BIM in French SMEs: From innovation to necessity. WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, 169, 135–142.
   Google Scholar
• USITC. (2010). Small and medium-sized enterprises: Characteristics and performance. United States International Trade Commission, Investigation No. 332-510, USITC Publication 4189.
   Google Scholar
• Van Dijk, J. A. (2006). Digital divide research, achievements and shortcomings. Poetics, 34(?), 221–235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidalakis, C., Abanda, F. H., & Oti, A. H. (2020). BIM adoption and implementation: Focusing on SMEs. Construction Innovation: Information, Process, Management, 20(1), 128–147. doi:10.1108/CI-09-2018-0076
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Won, J., Lee, G., Dossick, C., & Messner, J. (2013). Where to focus for successful adoption of building information modeling within organization. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 139(?), 04013014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeung, J. F. Y., Chan, A. P. C., Chan, D. W. M., & Li, L. K. (2007). Development of a partnering performance index (PPI) for construction projects in Hong Kong: A Delphi study. Construction Management and Economics, 25(12), 1219–1237.
   Google Scholar
• Zare, S. M. H. M., & Khosravi Ahangar, A. (2020). A comparative study on BIM (Building Information Modeling) implementation and maturity across different countries with a review on Iran.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, S. X., & Hu, Y. R. (2014). The analysis of barriers of development of China’s construction industry BIM. Advanced Materials Research. Trans Tech Publ,?(?), 3119–3122.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, X., Feng, Y., Pienaar, J., & O’brien, D. (2017). Modelling paths of risks associated with BIM implementation in architectural, engineering and construction projects. Architectural Science Review, 60(?), 472–482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, Y., Yang, Y., & Yang, J.-B. (2019). Barriers to BIM implementation strategies in China. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(3), 554–574. doi:10.1108/ECAM-04-2018-0158
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zubair, S., Kabir, R., & Huang, X. (2020). Does the financial crisis change the effect of financing on investment? Evidence from private SMEs. Journal of Business Research, 110, 456–463.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar