65
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

“Don’t worry, be happy (and the vote out the incumbent): economic anxiety and incumbent support”

, , &
Received 26 Apr 2023, Accepted 13 Mar 2024, Published online: 07 May 2024

References

  • Abou-Chadi, T., and T. Kurer. 2021. “Economic Risk Within the Household and Voting for the Radical Right.” World Politics 73 (3): 482–511.
  • Anderson, C. J. 2000. “Economic Voting and Political Context: A Comparative Perspective.” Electoral Studies 19 (2-3): 151–170.
  • Anderson, C. D. 2006. “Economic Voting and Multilevel Governance: A Comparative Individual-Level Analysis.” American Journal of Political Science 50 (2): 449–463.
  • Anderson, C. D. 2020. “(Re)Considering the Sources of Economic Perceptions.” Social Science Quarterly 101 (4): 1314–1325.
  • Anderson, C. D., R. M. McGregor, A. A. Moore, and L. B. Stephenson. 2017. “Economic Voting and Multilevel Governance: The Case of Toronto.” Urban Affairs Review 53 (1): 71–101.
  • Anderson, C. J., and J. Pontusson. 2007. “Workers, Worries and Welfare States: Social Protection and Job Insecurity in 15 OECD Countries.” European Journal of Political Research 46 (2): 211–235.
  • Ansolabehere, S., M. Meredith, and E. Snowberg. 2014. “Mecro-Economic Voting: Local Information and Micro-Perceptions of the Macro-Economy.” Economics & Politics 26 (3): 380–410.
  • Bareket-Bojmel, L., G. Shahar, and M. Margalit. 2021. “COVID-19-related Economic Anxiety Is as High as Health Anxiety: Findings from the USA, the UK, and Israel.” International Journal of Cognitive Therapy 14: 566–574.
  • Bechtel, G. G. 2012. “The Societal Impact of Economic Anxiety.” Journal of Data Science 10: 693–710.
  • Bélanger, É, C. Anderson, and M. McGregor. 2022. A Tale of Two Cities. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  • Bélanger, É, and L. B. Stephenson. 2010. “Parties and Partisans: The Influence of Ideology and Brokerage on the Durability of Partisanship in Canada.” Voting Behaviour in Canada, 107–136.
  • Bosch, A. 2016. “Types of Economic Voting in Regional Elections: The 2012 Catalan Election as a Motivating Case.” Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 26 (1): 115–134.
  • Brader, T. 2005. “Striking a Responsive Chord: How Political ads Motivate and Persuade Voters by Appealing to Emotions.” American Journal of Political Science 49 (2): 388–405.
  • Breau, S. 2015. “Rising Inequality in Canada: A Regional Perspective.” Applied Geography 61: 58–69.
  • Breux, S., J. Couture, and R. Koop. 2017. “Turnout in Local Elections: Evidence from Canadian Cities, 2004–2014.” Canadian Journal of Political Science 50 (3): 699–722.
  • Casselman, B. 2017. Stop saying trump’s win had nothing to do with economics. FiveThirtyEight. Available online at: https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/stop-saying-trumps-win-had-nothing-to-do-with-economics/.
  • Cutler, F., and J. S. Matthews. 2005. “The Challenge of Municipal Voting: Vancouver 2002.” Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue Canadienne de Science Politique 38 (2): 359–382.
  • Daoust, J. F., and R. Dassonneville. 2018. “Beyond Nationalism and Regionalism: The Stability of Economic Voting in Canada.” Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue Canadienne de Science Politique 51 (3): 553–571.
  • Dassonneville, R., E. Claes, and M. S. Lewis-Beck. 2016. “Punishing Local Incumbents for the Local Economy: Economic Voting in the 2012 Belgian Municipal Elections.” Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 46 (1): 3–22.
  • Dizon-Ross, E., S. Loeb, E. Penner, and J. Rochmes. 2019. “Stress in Boom Times: Understanding Teachers’ Economic Anxiety in a High-Cost Urban District.” AERA Open 5 (4): 2332858419879439.
  • Dozois, D. J. 2021. “Anxiety and Depression in Canada During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey.” Canadian Psychology 62 (1): 136.
  • Duch, R. M., and R. T. Stevenson. 2008. The Economic Vote: How Political and Economicinstitutions Condition Election Results. Cambridge University Press.
  • Ebeid, M., and J. Rodden. 2006. “Economic Geography and Economic Voting: Evidence from the US States.” British Journal of Political Science 36 (3): 527–547.
  • Elton-Marshall, T., S. Wells, D. Jankowicz, Y. T. Nigatu, C. M. Wickens, J. Rehm, and H. A. Hamilton. 2021. “Multiple COVID-19 Risk Factors Increase the Likelihood of Experiencing Anxiety Symptoms in Canada.” The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 66 (1): 56–58.
  • Erl, C. 2021. “The People and The Nation: The “Thick” and the “Thin” of Right-Wing Populism in Canada.” Social Science Quarterly 102 (1): 107–124.
  • Evans, G., and R. Andersen. 2006. “The Political Conditioning of Economic Perceptions.” The Journal of Politics 68 (1): 194–207.
  • Fahey, J. J., T. L. Johns, J. R. Goodman, J. D. Morris, and M. J. Scicchitano. 2020. “Emotional Voting, Racial Animus and Economic Anxiety in the 2016 Presidential Election.” American Review of Politics 37 (2): 29–47.
  • Ferrari, D. 2021. “Perceptions, Resentment, Economic Distress, and Support for Right-Wing Populist Parties in Europe.” Politics and Governance 9 (3): 274–287.
  • Folkman, S. 2020. “Stress: Appraisal and Coping.” In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 2177–2179. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Fossati, D. 2014. “Economic Vulnerability and Economic Voting in 14 OECD Countries.” European Journal of Political Research 53 (1): 116–135.
  • Gélineau, F., and É Bélanger. 2005. “Electoral Accountability in a Federal System: National and Provincial Economic Voting in Canada.” Publius: The Journal of Federalism 35 (3): 407–424.
  • González-Sirois, G., and É Bélanger. 2019. “Economic Voting in Provincial Elections: Revisiting Electoral Accountability in the Canadian Provinces.” Regional & Federal Studies 29 (3): 307–327.
  • Government of Ontario. 2023. 2023 Ontario Budget BuIlding a Strong Ontario. King’s Printer for Ontario, Toronto, Ont. https://budget.ontario.ca/2023/index.html.
  • Gozgor, G. 2022. “The Role of Economic Uncertainty in the Rise of EU Populism.” Public Choice 190 (1-2): 229–246.
  • Grosch, K., and H. A. Rau. 2017. “Gender Differences in Honesty: The Role of Social Value Orientation.” Journal of Economic Psychology 62: 258–267.
  • Guiso, L., H. Herrera, M. Morelli, and T. Sonno. 2017. Demand and Supply of Populism. London, UK: Centre for Economic Policy Research.
  • Hacker, J. S., P. Rehm, and M. Schlesinger. 2013. “The Insecure American: Economic Experiences, Financial Worries, and Policy Attitudes.” Perspectives on Politics 11 (1): 23–49.
  • Hartog, J., A. Ferreri-Carbonell, and N. Jonker. 2002. “Linking Measured Risk Aversion to Individual Characteristics.” Kyklos 55 (1): 3–26.
  • Helgason, A. F., and V. Mérola. 2017. “Employment Insecurity, Incumbent Partisanship, and Voting Behavior in Comparative Perspective.” Comparative Political Studies 50 (11): 1489–1523.
  • Hoffmann, F., D. S. Lee, and T. Lemieux. 2020. “Growing Income Inequality in the United States and Other Advanced Economies.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 34 (4): 52–78.
  • Hopkins, D. J., and L. M. Pettingill. 2018. “Retrospective Voting in big-City US Mayoral Elections.” Political Science Research and Methods 6 (4): 697–714.
  • Huang, J., Y. Nam, and E. J. Lee. 2015. “Financial Capability and Economic Hardship among low-Income Older Asian Immigrants in a Supported Employment Program.” Journal of Family and Economic Issues 36: 239–250.
  • Inglehart, R. F., and P. Norris. 2016. Trump, Brexit, and the rise of populism: Economic have-nots and cultural backlash.
  • Ivanov, D. 2023. “Economic Insecurity, Institutional Trust and Populist Voting Across Europe.” Comparative Economic Studies, 1–22.
  • Kakkar, H., and N. Sivanathan. 2017. “When the Appeal of a Dominant Leader is Greater Than a Prestige Leader.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114 (26): 6734–6739.
  • Kinder, D. R., and D. R. Kiewiet. 1981. “Sociotropic Politics: The American Case.” British Journal of Political Science 11 (2): 129–161.
  • Kiss, S. J., A. M. Perrella, and Z. Spicer. 2020. “Right-wing Populism in a Metropolis: Personal Financial Stress, Conservative Attitudes, and Rob Ford’s Toronto.” Journal of Urban Affairs 42 (7): 1028–1046.
  • Lacy, D., and D. P. Christenson. 2017. “Who Votes for the Future? Information, Expectations, and Endogeneity in Economic Voting.” Political Behavior 39: 347–375.
  • Ladd, J. M., and G. S. Lenz. 2011. “Does Anxiety Improve Voters’ Decision Making?” Political Psychology 32 (2): 347–361.
  • Leon, Sandra, and Lluis Orriols. 2016. “Asymmetric Federalism and Economic Voting.” European Journal of Political Research 55 (4): 847–865.
  • Lewis-Beck, M. S., N. F. Martini, and D. R. Kiewiet. 2013. “The Nature of Economic Perceptions in Mass Publics.” Electoral Studies 32 (3): 524–528.
  • Lewis-Beck, M. S., and M. Stegmaier. 2018. “Economic Voting.” In The Oxford Handbook of Public Choice, edited by D. Congleton, B. Grofman, and S. Voigt, 247–265. Oxford UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Lipset, S. M. 1960. Political man. Garden City, NJ: Anchor Books, Doubleday & Company.
  • Lucas, J., and D. A. Armstrong. 2021. “Policy Ideology and Local Ideological Representation in Canada.” Canadian Journal of Political Science 54 (4): 959–976.
  • MacKuen, M. B., R. S. Erikson, and J. A. Stimson. 1992. “Peasants or Bankers? The American Electorate and the US Economy.” American Political Science Review 86 (3): 597–611.
  • Magni, G. 2017. “It's the Emotions, Stupid! Anger About the Economic Crisis, low Political Efficacy, and Support for Populist Parties.” Electoral Studies 50: 91–102.
  • Mann, F. D., R. F. Krueger, and K. D. Vohs. 2020. “Personal Economic Anxiety in Response to COVID-19.” Personality and Individual Differences, 1–7.
  • Marchand, Y., J. Dubé, and S. Breau. 2020. “Exploring the Causes and Consequences of Regional Income Inequality in Canada.” Economic Geography 96 (2): 83–107.
  • Marcus, G. E., W. R. Neuman, and M. MacKuen. 2000. Affective Intelligence and Political Judgment. University of Chicago Press.
  • Marsh, M., and J. Tilley. 2010. “The Attribution of Credit and Blame to Governments and its Impact on Vote Choice.” British Journal of Political Science 40 (1): 115–134.
  • Martins, R., and F. J. Veiga. 2013. “Economic Voting in Portuguese Municipal Elections.” Public Choice 155: 317–334.
  • Miller, P. R. 2011. “The Emotional Citizen: Emotion as a Function of Political Sophistication.” Political Psychology 32 (4): 575–600.
  • Miller, S. V. 2020. “Economic Anxiety or Ethnocentrism? An Evaluation of Attitudes Toward Immigration in the US from 1992 to 2017.” The Social Science Journal, 1–20.
  • Monogan III, J. E. 2020. “Anxious Voters in the 2016 US Election: An Analysis of how They Decided from the ERPC2016.” Political Behavior 42 (1): 189–212.
  • Morgenstern, S., and E. Zechmeister. 2001. “Better the Devil you Know Than the Saint you Don’t?” Risk Propensity and Vote Choice in Mexico. Journal of Politics 63 (1): 93–119.
  • Mughan, A., C. Bean, and I. McAllister. 2003. “Economic Globalization, job Insecurity and the Populist Reaction.” Electoral Studies 22 (4): 617–633.
  • Mutz, D. C. 2018. “Status Threat, not Economic Hardship, Explains the 2016 Presidential Vote.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115 (19): E4330–E4339.
  • Nolan, B., M. G. Richiardi, and L. Valenzuela. 2019. “The Drivers of Income Inequality in Rich Countries.” Journal of Economic Surveys 33 (4): 1285–1324.
  • Noury, A., and G. Roland. 2020. “Identity Politics and Populism in Europe.” Annual Review of Political Science 23: 421–439.
  • Ontario. 2023. 2023 Ontario Budget BuIlding a Strong Ontario. King’s Printer for Ontario, Toronto, Ont. https://budget.ontario.ca/2023/index.html.
  • Outreville, J. F. 2015. “The Relationship Between Relative Risk Aversion and the Level of Education: A Survey and Implications for the Demand for Life Insurance.” Journal of Economic Surveys 29 (1): 97–111.
  • Parker, M. T., and L. M. Isbell. 2010. “How I Vote Depends on How I Feel: The Differential Impact of Anger and Fear on Political Information Processing.” Psychological Science 21 (4): 548–550.
  • Patenaude III, W. 2019. “Modern American Populism: Analyzing the Economics Behind the “Silent Majority,” the tea Party, and Trumpism.” American Journal of Economics and Sociology 78 (3): 787–834.
  • Polacko, M., P. Graefe, and S. Kiss. 2024. “Subjective Economic Insecurity and Attitudes Toward Immigration and Feminists among Voters on the Right in Canada.” Social Science Quarterly.
  • Pongou, R., B. O. Ahinkorah, S. Maltais, M. C. Mabeu, A. Agarwal, and S. Yaya. 2022. “Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada.” PLoS One 17 (11): e0277238.
  • Rebechi, A., and N. Rohde. 2023. “Economic Insecurity, Racial Anxiety, and Right-Wing Populism.” Review of Income and Wealth 69 (3): 701–724.
  • Rehm, P., J. S. Hacker, and M. Schlesinger. 2012. “Insecure Alliances: Risk, Inequality, and Support for the Welfare State.” American Political Science Review 106 (2): 386–406.
  • Riley, E., and C. Peterson. 2019. “Economic Anxiety or Racial Predispositions? Explaining White Support for Donald Trump in the 2016 Presidential Election.” Riley. Emmitt and Peterson, Clarissa, 5–24.
  • Rudolph, T. J. 2003. “Who’s Responsible for the Economy? The Formation and Consequences of Responsibility Attributions.” American Journal of Political Science 47 (4): 698–713.
  • Rudolph, T. 2021. “Populist Anger, Donald Trump, and the 2016 Election.” Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 31 (1): 33–58.
  • Singer, M. M. 2011. “Who Says “It’s the Economy”? Cross-National and Cross-Individual Variation in the Salience of Economic Performance.” Comparative Political Studies 44 (3): 284–312.
  • Singer, M. M., and R. E. Carlin. 2013. “Context Counts: The Election Cycle, Development, and the Nature of Economic Voting.” The Journal of Politics 75 (3): 730–742.
  • Sipma, T., M. Lubbers, and N. Spierings. 2023. “Working Class Economic Insecurity and Voting for Radical Right and Radical Left Parties.” Social Science Research 109: 102778.
  • Soroka, S., P. Fournier, and L. Nir. 2019. “Cross-national Evidence of a Negativity Bias in Psychophysiological Reactions to News.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116 (38): 18888–18892.
  • Tellier, G. 2006. “Effect of Economic Conditions on Government Popularity: The Canadian Provincial Case.” Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue Canadienne de Science Politique 39 (1): 27–51.
  • Timming, A. R., M. T. French, and K. Mortensen. 2021. “Health Anxiety Versus Economic Anxiety Surrounding COVID-19: An Analysis of Psychological Distress in the Early Stages of the Pandemic.” Journal of Affective Disorders Reports 5: 10015.
  • Vasilopoulos, P., G. E. Marcus, N. A. Valentino, and M. Foucault. 2019. “Fear, Anger, and Voting for the far Right: Evidence from the November 13, 2015 Paris Terror Attacks.” Political Psychology 40 (4): 679–704.
  • Vasilopoulou, S., and M. Wagner. 2022. “Emotions and Domestic Vote Choice.” Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 32 (3): 635–654.
  • Watson, B., S. Law, and L. Osberg. 2022. “Are Populists Insecure About Themselves or About Their Country? Political Attitudes and Economic Perceptions.” Social Indicators Research, 1–39.
  • Weber, C. 2013. “Emotions, Campaigns, and Political Participation.” Political Research Quarterly 66 (2): 414–442.
  • Western, B., D. Bloome, B. Sosnaud, and L. Tach. 2012. “Economic Insecurity and Social Stratification.” Annual Review of Sociology 38 (1): 341–359.
  • Wroe, A. 2016. “Economic Insecurity and Political Trust in the United States.” American Politics Research 44 (1): 131–163.
  • Yetgin, D., and S. Benligiray. 2019. “The Effect of Economic Anxiety and Occupational Burnout Levels of Tour Guides on Their Occupational Commitment.” Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 24 (4): 333–347.
  • Zagórski, P., J. Rama, and G. Cordero. 2021. “Young and Temporary: Youth Employment Insecurity and Support for Right-Wing Populist Parties in Europe.” Government and Opposition 56 (3): 405–426.
  • Zhirnov, A., L. Antonucci, J. P. Thomeczek, L. Horvath, C. D’Ippoliti, C. A. Mongeau Ospina, A. Krouwel, and N. Kersting. 2023. “Precarity and Populism: Explaining Populist Outlook and Populist Voting in Europe Through Subjective Financial and Work-Related Insecurity.” European Sociological Review, jcad052.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.