References
- Alemu, G. 2016. “Financial inclusion, regulation and inclusive growth in EthiopiaAchieving Financial Stability and Growth in Africa, edited by S. Griffith-Jones and R. Gottschalk, 137–157. London: Routledge.
- Alfaro, L., A. Chanda, S. Kalemli-Ozcan, and S. Sayek. 2004. “FDI and Economic Growth: The Role of Local Financial Markets.” Journal of International Economics 64 (1): 89–112.
- Alfaro, L., A. Chanda, S. Kalemli-Ozcan, and S. Sayek. 2010. “Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Growth? Exploring the Role of Financial Markets on Linkages.” Journal of Development Economics 91 (2): 242–256.
- Aredo, D. 1993. “The Iddir: A Study of an Indigenous Informal Financial Institution in Ethiopia.” Savings and Development 17 (1): 77–90.
- Aredo, D. 2004. “Rotating Savings and Credit Associations: Characterization with Particular Reference to the Ethiopian Iqqub.” Savings and Development 28 (2): 179–200.
- Beck, T., R. Levine, and N. Loayza. 2000. “Finance and the Sources of Growth.” Journal of Financial Economics 58 (1–2): 261–300.
- Berhane, G., and C. Gardebroek. 2011. “Does Microfinance Reduce Rural Poverty? Evidence Based on Household Panel Data from Northern Ethiopia.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 93 (1): 43–55.
- Berhanu Lakew, T., and H. Azadi. 2020. “Financial Inclusion in Ethiopia: Is it on the Right Track?” International Journal of Financial Studies 8 (2): 28.
- Borensztein, E., J. De Gregorio, and J. W. Lee. 1998. “How Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economic Growth?” Journal of International Economics 45 (1): 115–135.
- Crawford, G. S., N. Pavanini, and F. Schivardi. 2018. “Asymmetric Information and Imperfect Competition in Lending Markets.” The American Economic Review 108 (7): 1659–1701.
- Desalegn, G., and G. Yemataw. 2017. “Financial inclusion in Ethiopia: Using LSMS (Ethiopia socioeconomic survey) data.” Ethiopian Journal of Economics 26 (2): 31–58.
- Diamond, D. W. 1984. “Financial intermediation and delegated monitoring.” The Review of Economic Studies 51 (3): 393–414.
- Diamond, D. W., and P. H. Dybvig. 1983. “Bank runs, deposit insurance, and liquidity.” Journal of Political Economy 91 (3): 401–419.
- Gerschenkron, A. 1962. Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Greenwood, J., and B. Jovanovic. 1990. “Financial Development, Growth, and the Distribution of Income.” Journal of Political Economy 98 (5, Part 1): 1076–1107.
- Gutierrez, E., and S. Singh 2013. “What Regulatory Frameworks Are More Conducive to Mobile Banking? Empirical Evidence from Findex Data.” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (6652).
- Huang, Y. P., and Z. Huang. 2018. “China’s Development of Digital Finance: Present and Future.” Economic Quarterly 17 (4): 1489–1502.
- Huang, Y. P., and X. Wang. 2022. Understanding China’s Finance. Beijing: People’s Daily Publishing House. In Chinese.
- IFC. 2013. Assessing Private Sector Contributions to Job Creation and Poverty Reduction. Washington, D.C: International Finance Corporation.
- IMF. 2018. Kenya Selected Issues, IMF Country Report No. 18/296.
- International Financial Forum. 2018. China’s Financial Reform and Opening Up: A Forty-Year Review and Outlook. Guangzhou: International Financial Forum.
- Islam, A., S. Muzi, and J. L. Rodriguez Meza. 2018. “Does Mobile Money Use Increase firms’ Investment? Evidence from Enterprise Surveys in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania.” Small Business Economics 51 (3): 687–708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9951-x.
- Jack, W., and T. Suri. 2014. “Risk Sharing and Transactions Costs: Evidence from Kenya’s Mobile Money Revolution.” The American Economic Review 104 (1): 183–223.
- King, R. G., and R. Levine. 1993. “Finance and Growth: Schumpeter Might Be Right.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 108 (3): 717–737.
- Kok, J. D., and M. Berrios. 2019. Small Matters: Global Evidence on the Contribution to Employment by the Self-Employed, Micro-Enterprises and SMEs. Geneva: International Labour Organization (ILO).
- Levine, R. 2005. “Finance and Growth: Theory and Evidence.” In Handbook of Economic Growth, edited by P. Aghion and S. N. Durlauf, Vol. 1, 865–934. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
- Leyshon, A., and N. Thrift. 1995. “Geographies of Financial Exclusion: Financial Abandonment in Britain and the United States.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 20 (3): 312–341. https://doi.org/10.2307/622654.
- Liu, J. 2019. “70 Years of China’s Utilization of Foreign Investment: Process, Effects, and Major Experiences.” Management World 35 (11): 19–37.
- Lu, F., and Y. Yao. 2004. “Rule of Law, Financial Development, and Economic Growth Under Financial Repression.” Chinese Social Sciences (1): 42–55+206.
- Morduch, J. 1999. “The Microfinance Promise.” Journal of Economic Literature 37 (4): 1569–1614.
- Panos, G. A., and J. O. Wilson. 2020. “Financial Literacy and Responsible Finance in the FinTech Era: Capabilities and Challenges.” European Journal of Finance 26 (4–5): 297–301.
- Paul, J., and M. M. Feliciano-Cestero. 2021. “Five Decades of Research on Foreign Direct Investment by MNEs: An Overview and Research Agenda.” Journal of Business Research 124 (1): 800–812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.04.017.
- Shen, K. R. 1999. “Foreign Direct Investment and China’s Economic Growth.” Management World 15 (5): 22–34.
- Shen, K. R., and Q. Geng. 2001. “Foreign Direct Investment, Technology Spillover, and Endogenous Economic Growth: Empirical Analysis Based on Chinese Data.” Chinese Social Sciences (5): 82–93+206.
- Suri, T. 2017. “Mobile money.” Annual Review of Economics 9:497–520. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-063016-103638.
- Suri, T., P. Bharadwaj, and W. Jack. 2021. “Fintech and Household Resilience to Shocks: Evidence from Digital Loans in Kenya.” Journal of Development Economics 153:102697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2021.102697.
- Suri, T., and W. Jack. 2016. “The Long-Run Poverty and Gender Impacts of Mobile Money.” Science 354 (6317): 1288–1292.
- Tsai, K. S. 2002. Back-Alley Banking: Private Entrepreneurs in China. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
- Wang, M., C. Y. Li, X. F. Lin, and D. D. Zhang. 2021. “Opportunities and Challenges of Chinese Enterprises’ Investment in Ethiopia: An Analysis from the Perspective of Political and Economic Development.” China-Africa Research Review (9): 45–73+2.
- World Bank. 2019. Ethiopia Financial Sector Development: The Path to an Efficient Stable and Inclusive Financial Sector. Washington, DC: World Bank Group.
- Yaron, J., B. McDonald, and G. Piprek. 1996. Rural Finance: Issues, Design, and Best Practices. Washington, D.C: World Bank Group.
- Zhou, X. 2015. “Financial Reform and Development and Its Intrinsic Logic.” China Finance (19): 11–17.