How Prison Dog Programs Challenge the Racial Code in Correctional Settings and Beyond

References

• Alexander, M. (2010). The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. The New Press.
   Google Scholar
• Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Perseus Books.
   Google Scholar
• Bachi, K. (2013). Application of attachment theory to equine-facilitated psychotherapy. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy: On the Cutting Edge of Modern Developments in Psychotherapy, 43(3), 187–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-013-9232-1
   Google Scholar
• Bloch, S., & Olivares‐Pelayo, E. A. (2021). Carceral geographies from inside prison gates: The micro‐politics of everyday racialisation. Antipode, 53(5), 1319–1338. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12727
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, J. S., Hitlin, S., & Elder, G. H. (2007). The importance of being “other”: A natural experiment about lived race over time. Social Science Research, 36(1), 159–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2005.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke, B., & Farrington, D. (2014). Perceived effects of dog-training programs in correctional settings. Journal of Forensic Practice, 16(3), 171–183. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFP-08-2013-0041
   Google Scholar
• Cooke, B., & Farrington, D. (2016). The effectiveness of dog-training programs in prison: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. The Prison Journal, 96(6), 854–876. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885516671919
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crewe, B. (2005). Codes and conventions: The terms and conditions of contemporary inmate values. In A. Liebling & S. Maruna (Eds.), The effects of imprisonment (pp. 177–208). Willan.
   Google Scholar
• Decker, S., & Pyrooz, D. (2018). The real gangbanging is in prison. In J. Wooldredge & P. Smith (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of prisons and imprisonment (pp. 143–162). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dolovich, S. (2012). Two models of the prison: Accidental humanity and hypermasculinity in the L.A. County Jail. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 102(4), 965–1118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duindam, H. M., Asscher, J. J., Hoeve, N., Stams, G. J., & Creemers, H. E. (2020). Are we barking up the right tree? A meta-analysis on the effectiveness of prison-based dog programs. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 47(6), 749–767. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854820909875
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esterberg, K. G. (2002). Qualitative methods in social research. McGraw Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, T., & Wallace, P. (2008). A prison within a prison? The masculinity narratives of male prisoners. Men and Masculinities, 10(4), 484–507. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X06291903
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahmy, C. (2021). First weeks out: Social support stability and health among formerly incarcerated men. Social Science & Medicine, 282, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114141
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fine, A. H. (Ed.). (2019). Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Foundations and guidelines for animal-assisted interventions. Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Flynn, E., Massey Combs, K., Gandenberger, J., Tedeschi, P., & Morris, K. N. (2020). Potential psychosocial drivers behind improved in-prison outcomes for inmates participating in dog training programs. The Prison Journal, 100(2), 224–239. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885519894657
   Google Scholar
• Fournier, A. K. (2016). Pen pals: An examination of human–animal interaction as an outlet for healthy masculinity in prison. In C. Blazina & L. Kogan (Eds.), Men and their dogs (pp. 175–194). Springer International.
   Google Scholar
• Friedmann, E., & Son, H. (2009). The human–companion animal bond: How humans benefit. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 39(2), 239–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2008.10.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furst, G. (2011). Animal Programs in Prison: A Comprehensive Assessment. CO: FirstForum Press.
   Google Scholar
• Furst, G. (2017). Prisons, race making, and the changing American racial milieu. In M. Deflem (Ed.), Race, Ethnicity and Law (pp. 175–196). Emerald Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Furst, G. (2019). The empirical evidence supporting dog training programs for incarcerated people. In M. R. Jalongo (Ed.), Prison dog programs: Renewal and rehabilitation in correctional Facilities (pp. 17–36). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Giallombardo, R. (1966). Social roles in a prison for women. Social Problems, 13(3), 268–288. https://doi.org/10.2307/799254
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967). The Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Sociology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gomez, L. E. (2012). Looking for race in all the wrong places. Law and Society Review, 46(2), 221–245. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5893.2012.00486.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman, P. (2008). “It’s just Black, White, or Hispanic”: An observational study of racializing moves in California’s segregated prison reception centers. Law and Society Review, 42(4), 735–770. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5893.2008.00357.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman, P. (2014). Race in California’s prison fire camps for men: Prison politics, space, and the racialization of everyday life. American Journal of Sociology, 120(2), 352–394. https://doi.org/10.1086/678303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, T. M., Flynn, E. W., Gould, J., Gandenberger, E., Barrattin, J., & Tedeschi, D. P., & Morris, K. N. (2018). Standard protocol: Prison-based dog training programs. University of Denver. https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=anitobe
   Google Scholar
• Han, T. M., Flynn, E., Pena, R. E., & Morris, K. N. (2023). Measuring the impact of prison-based dog training programs on recidivism: A propensity score-matched survival analysis. Journal of the Society for Social Work & Research. https://doi.org/10.1086/727360
   Google Scholar
• Harris, D. R., & Sim, J. J. (2002). Who is multiracial? Assessing the complexity of lived race. American Sociological Review, 67(4), 614–627. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240206700407
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hattery, A. J., & Smith, E. (2023). Way down in the hole: Race, intimacy, and the reproduction of racial ideologies in solitary confinement. Rutgers University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hill, L. (2020). Becoming the person your dog thinks you are: As assessment of Florida prison-based dog training programs on postrelease recidivism. Corrections: Policy, Practice and Research, 5(3), 149–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/23774657.2018.1433564
   Google Scholar
• Hochstetler, A., DeLisi, M., & Pratt, T. C. (2010). Social support and feelings of hostility among released inmates. Crime & Delinquency, 56(4), 588–607. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128708319926
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Infante, A., Morse, S., Fahmy, C., & Wright, K. (2023). Racial politics in the contemporary prison society: The importance of race and ethnicity to prison social organization. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 50(4), 600–623. https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548221143528
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irwin, J., & Cressey, D. R. (1962). Thieves, convict, and the inmate culture. Social problems, 10, 142–155. https://doi.org/10.2307/799047
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kjellstrand, J. M., Clark, M. G., Mannan, I. A., & Loan, C. M. (2023). Social support during incarceration: Predictors of external social support for incarcerated individuals. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 48(5), 1183–1203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-022-09685-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, A. E. (2003). Everyday race-making: Navigating racial boundaries in schools. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(3), 283–305. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764203256188
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Aguado, P. (2016). “I would be a bulldog”: Tracing the spillover of carceral identity. Social Problems, 63(2), 203–221. https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spw001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann, C. R., Zatz, M., & Rodriguez, N. (2006). Images of color, images of crime. Roxbury.
   Google Scholar
• Maruna, S., & Farrall, S. (2004). Desistance from crime: A theoretical reformulation. Kolner Zeitschrift fur Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, 43(2), 171–194.
   Google Scholar
• Maujean, A., Pepping, C. A., & Kendall, E. (2015). A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of animal-assisted therapy on psychosocial outcomes. Anthrozoös, 28(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279315X14129350721812
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKendy, L., & Ricciardelli, R. (2019). Prison culture. In M. Deflem (Ed.), The handbook of social control (pp. 293–305). Wiley Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Mercer, J., Gibson, J., & Clayton, D. (2015). The therapeutic potential of a prison-based animal programme in the UK. The Journal of Forensic Practice, 17(1), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFP-09-2014-0031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morenoff, J. D., & Harding, D. J. (2014). Incarceration, prisoner reentry, and communities. Annual Review of Sociology, 40(1), 411–429. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-071811-145511
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omi, M., & Winant, H. (1994). Racial formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s (2nd ed.). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Penner, A. M., & Saperstein, A. (2013). Engendering racial perceptions: An intersectional analysis of how social status shapes race. Gender & Society, 27(3), 319–344. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243213480262
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penner, A. M., & Saperstein, A. (2015). Disentangling the effects of racial self-identification and classification by others: The case for arrest. Demography, 52(3), 1017–1024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-015-0394-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray, V. (2019). A theory of racialized organizations. American Sociological Review, 84(1), 26–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122418822335
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richmond, L. P., & Johnson, C. W. (2009). “It’s a race war”: Race and leisure experiences in California state prison. Journal of Leisure Research, 41(4), 565–580. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2009.11950191
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossetti, J., & King, C. (2010). Use of animal-assisted therapy with psychiatric patients: A literature review. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 48(11), 45–48. https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20100831-05
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandelowski, M., & Barroso, J. (2006). Handbook for synthesizing qualitative research. Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Skarbek, D. (2014). The social order of the underworld: How prison gangs govern the American penal system. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Skiba, R. (2020). Conflict de-escalation: Workplace training. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 8(7), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2020.87013
   Google Scholar
• Sumner, J., Sexton, L., Jenness, V., & Maxson, C. (2014). The pink elephant in the room: The structure and experience of race and violence in the lives of transgender prisoners in California. In S. Jackson (Ed.), Routledge international handbook of race, class, and gender (pp. 128–143). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Sykes, G. M. (1958). The society of captives. Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sykes, G. M., & Messinger, S. L. (1960). The inmate social system. In R. A. Cloward, D. R. Cressey, G. H. Glosser, R. McCleery, L. E. Ohlin, G. M. Sykes, & S. L. Messinger (Eds.), Theoretical Studies in Social Organization of the Prison (pp. 1–19). NY: Social Science Research Council.
   Google Scholar
• Trammell, R. (2012). Enforcing the convict code: Violence and prison culture. Lynne Reinner Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Van Wormer, J., Kigerl, A., & Hamilton, Z. (2017). Digging deeper: Exploring the value of prison-based dog handler programs. The Prison Journal, 97(4), 520–538. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885517712481
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wacquant, L. (2005). Race as civic felony. International Social Science Journal, 57(183), 127–142. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-8701.2005.00536.x
   Google Scholar
• Walker, M. (2016). Race making in a penal institution. American Journal of Sociology, 121(4), 1051–1078. https://doi.org/10.1086/684033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wesely, J. K. (2019). When gender goes to the dogs: Perceptions of masculinity and identity change among male participants in a prison-based animal program. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 58(8), 696–719. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2019.1648354
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wooldredge, J. (2020). Prison culture, management, and in-prison violence. Annual Review of Criminology, 3(1), 165–188. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-011419-041359
   Google Scholar