Cardiac troponin biosensors: where are we now?

References

• Thygesen K, Alpert JS, White HD; Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force for the Redefinition of Myocardial Infarction. Universal definition of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2007;28(20):2525–2538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamm CW, Goldmann BU, Heeschen C, Kreymann G, Berger J, Meinertz T. Emergency room triage of patients with acute chest pain by means of rapid testing for cardiac troponin T or troponin I. N Engl J Med. 1997;337(23):1648–1653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah AS, Anand A, Sandoval Y, et al. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I at presentation in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome: a cohort study. Lancet. 2015;386(10012):2481–2488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christenson RH, Azzazy HME. Cardiac point of care testing: a focused review of current National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry guidelines and measurement platforms. Clin Biochem. 2009;42(3):150–157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumann J, Sörensen NA, Schwemer T, et al. Diagnosis of myocardial infarction using a high-sensitivity troponin I 1-hour algorithm. JAMA Cardiol. 2016;1(4):397–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roffi M, Patrono C, Collet J-P, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2016;37(3):267–315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller T, Zeller T, Peetz D, et al. Sensitive troponin I assay in early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(9):868–877.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaurin MD, Apple FS, Voss EM, Herzog CA, Sharkey SW. Cardiac troponin I, cardiac troponin T, and creatine kinase MB in dialysis patients without ischemic heart disease: evidence of cardiac troponin T expression in skeletal muscle. Clin Chem. 1997;43(6):976–982.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller-Bardorff M, Hallermayer K, Schröder A, et al. Improved troponin T ELISA specific for cardiac troponin T isoform: assay development and analytical and clinical validation. Clin Chem. 1997;43(3):458–466.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chew DP, Zeitz C, Worthley M, et al. Randomized comparison of high-sensitivity troponin reporting in undifferentiated chest pain assessment. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2016;9(5):542–553.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daubert MA, Jeremias A. The utility of troponin measurement to detect myocardial infarction: review of the current findings. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2010;6:691–699.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bhatnagar D, Kaur I, Kumar A. Ultrasensitive cardiac troponin I antibody based nanohybrid sensor for rapid detection of human heart attack. Int J Biol Macromol. 2017;95 (Suppl C):505–510.
   Google Scholar
• Bertsch T, Bleuel H, Deschl U, Rebel W. A new sensitive cardiac Troponin T rapid test (TROPT®) for the detection of experimental acute myocardial damage in rats. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 1999;51(6):565–569.
   Google Scholar
• Lomant AJ, Fairbanks G. Chemical probes of extended biological structures: Synthesis and properties of the cleavable protein cross-linking reagent [35S]dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate). J Mol Biol. 1976;104(1):243–261.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swaim CL, Smith JB, Smith DL. Unexpected products from the reaction of the synthetic cross-linker 3,3′-dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidyl propionate), DTSSP with peptides. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2004;15(5):736–749.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi SY, Lee Y-J, Park YS, Ha K, Yoon KB. Monolayer assembly of zeolite crystals on glass with fullerene as the covalent linker. J Am Chem Soc. 2000;122(21):5201–5209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radha Shanmugama N, Muthukumarb S, Chaudhry S, Anguianao J, Prasad S. Ultrasensitive nanostructure sensor arrays on flexible substrates for multiplexed and simultaneous electrochemical detection of a panel of cardiac biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron. 2017;89:764–772.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazemi SH, Ghodsi E, Abdollahi S, Nadri S. Porous graphene oxide nanostructure as an excellent scaffold for label-free electrochemical biosensor: detection of cardiac troponin I. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2016;69 (Suppl C):447–452.
   Google Scholar
• Moretti M, Sisti D, Rocchi MB, Delprete E. CLSI EP17-A protocol: a useful tool for better understanding the low end performance of total prostate-specific antigen assays. Clin Chim Acta. 2011;412(11–12):1143–1145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuo J, Zhao X, Ju X, et al. A new molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in the serum. Electroanalysis. 2016;28(9):2044–2049.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomes-Filho SLR, Dias ACMS, Silva MMS, Silva BVM, Dutra RF. A carbon nanotube-based electrochemical immunosensor for cardiac troponin T. Microchem J. 2013;109:10–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akter R, Jeong B, Lee Y-M, Choi J-S, Rahman MA. Femtomolar detection of cardiac troponin I using a novel label-free and reagent-free dendrimer enhanced impedimetric immunosensor. Biosens Bioelectron. 2017;91 (Suppl C):637–643.
   Google Scholar
• Abbott Point of Care, USA. i-STAT handheld; 1997. https://www.pointofcare.abbott/us/en/offerings/istat/istat-handheld. Accessed October 26, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Purvis D, Leonardova O, Farmakovsky D, Cherkasov V. An ultrasensitive and stable potentiometric immunosensor. Biosens Bioelectron. 2003;18(11):1385–1390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chua JH, Chee R-E, Agarwal A, Wong SM, Zhang G-J. Label-free electrical detection of cardiac biomarker with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor-compatible silicon nanowire sensor arrays. Anal Chem. 2009;81(15):6266–6271.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan X, White IM, Shopova SI, Zhu H, Suter JD, Sun Y. Sensitive optical biosensors for unlabeled targets: a review. Anal Chim Acta. 2008;620(1–2):8–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coons AH, Creech HJ, Jones RN. Immunological properties of an antibody containing a fluorescent group. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1941;47(2):200–202.
   Google Scholar
• Kar P, Pandey A, Greer JJ, Shankar K. Ultrahigh sensitivity assays for human cardiac troponin I using TiO2 nanotube arrays. Lab Chip. 2012;12(4):821–828.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox WG, Singer VL. Fluorescent DNA hybridization probe preparation using amine modification and reactive dye coupling. Biotechniques. 2004;36(1):114–122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diware MS, Cho HM, Chegal W, et al. Ultrasensitive, label-free detection of cardiac biomarkers with optical SIS sensor. Biosens Bioelectron. 2017;87 (Suppl C):242–248.
   Google Scholar
• Tan Y, Wang Y, Li M, Ye X, Wu T, Li C. Enhanced photoelectrochemical immunosensing of cardiac troponin I based on energy transfer between N-acetyl-L-cysteine capped CdAgTe quantum dots and dodecahedral Au nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron. 2017;91 (Suppl C):741–746.
   Google Scholar
• Thermo Fisher Scientific. Overview of ELISA; 2016. https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/protein-biology/protein-biology-learning-center/protein-biology-resource-library/pierce-protein-methods/overview-elisa.html. Accessed April 12, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Wu KH, Mo XM, Zhou B, et al. Cardiac potential of stem cells from whole human umbilical cord tissue. J Cell Biochem. 2009;107(5):926–932.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho I-H, Paek E-H, Kim Y-K, Kim J-H, Paek S-H. Chemiluminometric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)-on-a-chip biosensor based on cross-flow chromatography. Anal Chim Acta. 2009;632(2):247–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li F, Yu Y, Cui H, Yang D, Bian Z. Label-free electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for cardiac troponin I using luminol functionalized gold nanoparticles as a sensing platform. Analyst. 2013;138(6):1844–1850.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi DH, Lee SK, Oh YK, et al. A dual gold nanoparticle conjugate-based lateral flow assay (LFA) method for the analysis of troponin I. Biosens Bioelectron. 2010;25(8):1999–2002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu W-Y, Bian Z-P, Wang W, Wang W, Zhu J-J. PDMS gold nanoparticle composite film-based silver enhanced colorimetric detection of cardiac troponin I. Sens Actuators B Chem. 2010;147(1):298–303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Xiong C, Wang H, Yuan R, Chai Y. A sensitive electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for cardiac troponin I detection based on dual quenching of the self-enhanced Ru(II) complex by folic acid and in situ generated oxygen. Sens Actuators B Chem. 2017;241 (Suppl C):765–772.
   Google Scholar
• Campion A, Kambhampati P. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Chem Soc Rev. 1998;27(4):241–250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vo-Dinh T. Nanobiosensing using plasmonic nanoprobes. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron. 2008;14(1):198–205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Hong H, Myklejord DV, Cai W. Molecular imaging with SERS-active nanoparticles. Small. 2011;7(23):3261–3269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui Y, Ren B, Yao J-L, Gu R-A, Tian Z-Q. Synthesis of AgcoreAushell bimetallic nanoparticles for immunoassay based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B. 2006;110(9):4002–4006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liedberg B, Nylander C, Lunström I. Surface plasmon resonance for gas detection and biosensing. Sensors and Actuators. 1983;4 (Suppl C):299–304.
   Google Scholar
• Englebienne P, Van Hoonacker A, Verhas M. Surface plasmon resonance: principles, methods and applications in biomedical sciences. Spectroscopy 2003;17(2–3):255–273.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liyanage T, Sangha A, Sardar R. Achieving biosensing at attomolar concentrations of cardiac troponin T in human biofluids by developing a label-free nanoplasmonic analytical assay. Analyst. 2017;142(13):2442–2450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaushik A, Vasudev A, Arya SK, Pasha SK, Bhansali S. Recent advances in cortisol sensing technologies for point-of-care application. Biosens Bioelectron. 2014;53:499–512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tadepalli S, Kuang Z, Jiang Q, et al. Peptide functionalized gold nanorods for the sensitive detection of a cardiac biomarker using plasmonic paper devices. Sci Rep. 2015;5:16206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casas J, Venkataramasubramani M, Wang Y, Tang L. Replacement of cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide bilayer on gold nanorod by alkanethiol crosslinker for enhanced plasmon resonance sensitivity. Biosens Bioelectron. 2013;49 (Suppl C):525–530.
   Google Scholar
• Tang L, Casas J. Quantification of cardiac biomarkers using label-free and multiplexed gold nanorod bioprobes for myocardial infarction diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron. 2014;61 (Suppl C):70–75.
   Google Scholar
• Wei F, Zhang D, Halas NJ, Hartgerink JD. Aromatic amino acids providing characteristic motifs in the Raman and SERS spectroscopy of peptides. J Phys Chem B. 2008;112(30):9158–9164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nergiz SZ, Gandra N, Farrell ME, Tian L, Pellegrino PM, Singamaneni S. Biomimetic SERS substrate: peptide recognition elements for highly selective chemical detection in chemically complex media. J Mater Chem A. 2013;1(22):6543–6549.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GE Healthcare Life Sciences. Biacore 4000 surface plasmon resonance system. 2012. https://www.gelifesciences.com/shop/protein-analysis/spr-label-free-analysis/systems/biacore-4000-surface-plasmon- resonance-system-p-06144. Accessed December 31, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Conroy PJ, O’Kennedy RJ, Hearty S. Cardiac troponin I: a case study in rational antibody design for human diagnostics. Protein Eng Des Sel. 2012;25(6):295–305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nenninger GG, Tobiška P, Homola J, Yee SS. Long-range surface plasmons for high-resolution surface plasmon resonance sensors. Sens Actuators B Chem. 2001;74(1–3):145–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hastings JT, Guo J, Keathley PD, et al. Optimal self-referenced sensing using long- and short- range surface plasmons. Opt Express. 2007;15(26):17661–17672.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slavík R, Homola J. Ultrahigh resolution long range surface plasmon-based sensor. Sens Actuators B Chem. 2007;123(1):10–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo J, Keathley PD, Hastings JT. Dual-mode surface-plasmon-resonance sensors using angular interrogation. Opt Lett. 2008;33(5):512–514.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Quy N, Minh VA, Van Luan N, Hung VN, Van Hieu N. Gas sensing properties at room temperature of a quartz crystal microbalance coated with ZnO nanorods. Sens Actuators B Chem. 2011;153(1):188–193.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong-ek K, Chailapakul O, Nuntawong N, Jaruwongrungsee K, Tuantranont A. Cardiac troponin T detection using polymers coated quartz crystal microbalance as a cost-effective immunosensor. Biomed Tech (Berl). 2010;55(5):279–284.
   Google Scholar
• Wu J, Cropek DM, West AC, Banta S. Development of a troponin I biosensor using a peptide obtained through phage display. Anal Chem. 2010;82(19):8235–8243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee J, Choi Y-S, Lee Y, et al. Sensitive and simultaneous detection of cardiac markers in human serum using surface acoustic wave immunosensor. Anal Chem. 2011;83(22):8629–8635.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang B, Jing R, Qi H, Gao Q, Zhang C. Label-free electrochemical impedance peptide-based biosensor for the detection of cardiac troponin I incorporating gold nanoparticles modified carbon electrode. J Electroanal Chem. 2016;781 (Suppl C):212–217.
   Google Scholar
• Wu Q, Sun Y, Zhang D, et al. Ultrasensitive magnetic field-assisted surface plasmon resonance immunoassay for human cardiac troponin I. Biosens Bioelectron. 2017;96 (Suppl C):288–293.
   Google Scholar
• Pawula M, Altintas Z, Tothill IE. SPR detection of cardiac troponin T for acute myocardial infarction. Talanta. 2016;146 (Suppl C):823–830.
   Google Scholar
• Abdolrahim M, Rabiee M, Alhosseini SN, Tahriri M, Yazdanpanah S, Tayebi L. Development of optical biosensor technologies for cardiac troponin recognition. Anal Biochem. 2015;485 (Suppl C):1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Wolf M, Juncker D, Michel B, Hunziker P, Delamarche E. Simultaneous detection of C-reactive protein and other cardiac markers in human plasma using micromosaic immunoassays and self-regulating microfluidic networks. Biosens Bioelectron. 2004;19(10):1193–1202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song SY, Han YD, Kim K, Yang SS, Yoon HC. A fluoro-microbead guiding chip for simple and quantifiable immunoassay of cardiac troponin I (cTnI). Biosens Bioelectron. 2011;26(9):3818–3824.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torabi F, Mobini Far HR, Danielsson B, Khayyami M. Development of a plasma panel test for detection of human myocardial proteins by capillary immunoassay. Biosens Bioelectron. 2007;22(7):1218–1223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park JP, Cropek DM, Banta S. High affinity peptides for the recognition of the heart disease biomarker troponin I identified using phage display. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2010;105(4):678–686.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutra RF, Kubota LT. An SPR immunosensor for human cardiac troponin T using specific binding avidin to biotin at carboxymethyldextran-modified gold chip. Clin Chim Acta. 2007;376(1–2):114–120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutra RF, Mendes RK, da Silva V, Kubota LT. Surface plasmon resonance immunosensor for human cardiac troponin T based on self-assembled monolayer. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2007;43(5):1744–1750.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon Y-C, Kim M-G, Kim E-M, et al. Development of a surface plasmon resonance-based immunosensor for the rapid detection of cardiac troponin I. Biotechnol Lett. 2011;33(5):921–927.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruls DM, Evers TH, Kahlman JAH, et al. Rapid integrated biosensor for multiplexed immunoassays based on actuated magnetic nanoparticles. Lab Chip. 2009;9(24):3504–3510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dittmer WU, Evers TH, Hardeman WM, et al. Rapid, high sensitivity, point-of-care test for cardiac troponin based on optomagnetic biosensor. Clin Chim Acta. 2010;411(11–12):868–873.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva BVM, Cavalcanti IT, Mattos AB, Moura P, Sotomayor MDPT, Dutra RF. Disposable immunosensor for human cardiac troponin T based on streptavidin-microsphere modified screen-printed electrode. Biosens Bioelectron. 2010;26(3):1062–1067.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stringer RC, Hoehn D, Grant SA. Quantum dot-based biosensor for detection of human cardiac troponin I using a liquid-core waveguide. IEEE Sens J. 2008;8(3):295–300.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayilo S, Kloster MA, Wunderlich M, et al. Long-range fluorescence quenching by gold nanoparticles in a sandwich immunoassay for cardiac troponin T. Nano Lett. 2009;9(12):4558–4563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedrero M, Campuzano S, Pingarrón JM. Electrochemical biosensors for the determination of cardiovascular markers: a review. Electroanalysis. 2014;26(6):1132–1153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayed ASM, Xia K, Yang TL, Peng J. Circulating microRNAs: a potential role in diagnosis and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction. Dis Markers. 2013;35(5):561–566.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chon H, Lee S, Yoon S-Y, et al. SERS-based competitive immunoassay of troponin I and CK-MB markers for early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Chem Commun. 2014;50(9):1058–1060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar