Accuracy of Force Generation and Preparatory Prefrontal Oxygenation in Ballistic Hand Power and Precision Grips

Abstract

It remains unclear whether accurate motor performance and cortical activation differ among grasping forms across several force levels. In the present study, a ballistic target force matching task (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of maximum voluntary force) with power grip, side pinch, and pulp pinch was utilized to explore the accuracy of the forces generated as well as the muscular activity of intrinsic and extrinsic hand muscles. By using near-infrared spectroscopy, we also examined bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation during the preparatory phase (initial 10 s) of the task. The accuracy of the power grip and pulp pinch was relatively higher than that of the side pinch, and the electromyographic activity of intrinsic hand muscles exhibited a similar trend for power grip and side pinch, while the opposite muscle recruitment pattern was observed for pulp pinch. The increment of DLPFC oxygenation across force levels differed among grasping forms, with greater activity at relatively higher levels in the power grip and side pinch, and at relatively lower levels in the pulp pinch. Taken together, the differential contribution of the DLPFC may be responsible for force generation depending on different grasping forms and force levels.

Keywords:

• Force control
• grasping
• strength
• dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.jp) for English Language editing.

Author contributions

AO and NL. Conception and design of research; AO, MS, AM, TO, RS and NL. Data acquisition; AO and NL. Data analysis; AO, MS, AM, TO, RS, KI and NL. Interpretation of results; AO. Prepared the first version of the manuscript; AO, AM, TO, RS, KI and NL. Edited the manuscript; AO, MS, AM, TO, RS, KI and NL. Approved the final version of the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Data availability statements

The datasets analyzed in the present study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Additional information

Funding

This research was partially supported by grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), 19H03974 to NL) and a Kyoto University internal grant, ISHIZUE (to NL).