Optimization of concrete mix design for enhanced performance and durability: integrating chemical and physical properties of aggregates

Abstract

This study investigates the chemical and physical properties of fine and coarse aggregates and their implications for concrete performance. The research employed an experimental approach to analyze various parameters, including chemical composition, chloride content, particle distribution, and slump, among others. The mixed proportions of concrete were carefully controlled to assess the influence of different aggregate compositions on concrete properties. The study utilized ASTM standards for testing procedures and calculations. Key findings of the research include the significant impact of chemical composition on concrete properties, with variations in oxides such as MgO, Al₂O₃, SiO₂, K₂O, CaO, Fe₂O₃ and Na₂O influencing setting time and strength development. Moreover, the chloride content of fine aggregates varied across different sources, with implications for concrete durability. Particle distribution analysis revealed the importance of optimizing aggregate gradation for desired concrete properties. The study’s outcomes emphasize the importance of careful mix design and aggregate selection in optimizing concrete performance and durability. Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the mechanical behavior properties of concrete and assessment of environmental sustainability considerations in aggregate production processes. This research contributes valuable insights into optimizing concrete mix designs and enhancing the durability of concrete structures. Based on the findings, it is recommended to carefully consider aggregate characteristics and sources to achieve desired concrete properties. Overall, this study underscores the significance of aggregate selection in achieving durable and sustainable concrete structures.

Keywords:

• Aggregate
• concrete
• compressive strength
• grading
• density

REVIEWING EDITOR:

• Ian Phillip Jones, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

SUBJECTS:

• Material science
• materials science
• civil, environmental and geotechnical engineering

Acknowledgment

No funding was received.

Author contributions

Bernard Kwame Mussey conceived the research objectives, with Lucas Nana Wiredu Damoah coordinating research efforts and overseeing experimental design. Richard Nii Ayitey Akoto and Yaw Delali Bensah provided insights into aggregate properties. Data analysis and interpretation were primarily led by Bernard Kwame Mussey and Lucas Nana Wiredu Damoah, with contributions from Richard Nii Ayitey Akoto and Yaw Delali Bensah. Manuscript drafting was a collaborative effort, with Bernard Kwame Mussey and Lucas Nana Wiredu Damoah taking the lead and Richard Nii Ayitey Akoto and Yaw Delali Bensah contributing significantly. All authors critically revised the manuscript, addressing reviewer comments collectively. All authors approved the final manuscript version for publication and agree to be accountable for its integrity and accuracy.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The data and materials supporting the results or analyses presented in this article are available upon reasonable request. Requests for access to the data should be directed to the corresponding author.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Bernard Kwame Mussey

Barnard Kwame Mussey: PhD candidate at Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ghana, Affiliated to Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jubilee Technical Training Centre, Takoradi Technical University (TTU), Takoradi, Ghana. Research Interests include Cements and Concretes, Pozzolans and Rebar Corrosion inhibitors.

Lucas Nana Wiredu Damoah

Lucas Nana Wiredu Damoah: PhD, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ghana, Legon Accra, Ghana. Research Interests include Cements and Concretes, Corrosion Prevention, Failure Analysis, sustainable materials technologies and Refining of Metals.

Richard Nii Ayitey Akoto

Richard Nii Ayitey Akoto: PhD, Department Petroleum Studies, University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana. Research Interests include Concretes, Rock Mechanics, Fluid Flow in Porous Media and Nanotechnology.

Yaw Delali Bensah

Yaw Delali Bensah: PhD, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ghana, Legon Accra, Ghana. Research Interests include Concretes, Corrosion prevention, recycling, biomass and entropy generation.