Performance evaluation of cluster-based schemes for message dissemination in a vehicle-to-vehicle communication in urban environment

Abstract

Effective message dissemination in vehicular ad hoc networks requires proper management of broadcast storms for effective bandwidth usage, fast and reliable delivery of messages. Studies suggest clustering of vehicles as a means of solving broadcast storm problems due to reduction of nodes that rebroadcast emergency messages. However, clustering in an urban environment faces challenges in terms of bandwidth utilization and high End-to-End (E2E) delay due to high density of vehicles, and the number of intersections and buildings. Several cluster-based dissemination schemes have been proposed however, their model evaluations lack typical urban features, like intersections and buildings, which can adversely affect their actual performances. Thus, it is still not clear which scheme is truly the best for real-world urban scenarios. To address this challenge, a fair and thorough performance evaluation of the state-of-the-art schemes in a detailed urban setup, specifically at crossroads with buildings nearby, is urgently needed. Results deduce that, in terms of E2E delay, the Time-Barrier Emergency Message Dissemination Scheme (TBEMDS) outperforms Effective Emergency Message Dissemination Scheme (EEMDS) and Position-based Emergency Message Dissemination Scheme (PBEMDS) by 75% and 50% respectively at low traffic density. However, it is outperformed by PBEMDS by around 9% in high density. For Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), from low to high density, EEMDS has the least percentage decrease in PDR with a 10% and 40% higher than TBEMDS and PBEMDS respectively, making it the most robust scheme in maintaining PDR as traffic density.

Keywords:

• Broadcast storm
• clustering
• message dissemination
• VANET

REVIEWING EDITOR:

• Jenhui Chen, Chang Gung University, Taiwan

SUBJECTS:

• Communication Technology
• Technology

Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

The authors received no direct funding for this research.

Notes on contributors

Elizabeth Ngatunga

Elizabeth Ngatunga received Bsc. degree in Telecommunications Engineering from University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and M.Sc. degree in Information Technology and Management from the Avinashilingam Deemed University, India. Presently, she serves as an Assistant Lecturer in the Department of Electrical, Electronics, and Telecommunication Engineering at the National Institute of Transport. She is currently a dedicated PhD student in Telecommunication Engineering at the University of Dar es Salaam. Her research focuses on Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V).

Mussa Kissaka

Mussa M. Kissaka received B.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from the University Dare es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in 1989, and Ph.D. degree in telecommunications engineering from the University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K., in 1994., Currently, he is Senior Lecturer with the Department of Telecommunications Engineering, College of Information and Communication Technologies, University Dare es Salaam. His research interest includes rural telecommunications, computer networks, wireless network and optical fiber, Dr. Kissaka is a Registered Professional Engineer with the Engineers Registration Board (ERB) of Tanzania.

Abdi T. Abdalla

Abdi T. Abdalla received the B.Sc. degree in electronic science and communication and M.Sc. degree in electronics engineering and information technology from the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in 2006 and 2010, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering majoring in communication and signal processing, from King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Saudi Arabia, in 2016. Currently, he is Associate Professor at the Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. His research interests include through-the-wall radar imaging, indoor target localization, sparse arrays processing, application of compressive sensing to radar signal processing, Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks, and application of ICT in blue economy and community development.