Get the Picture: Learning Referents in a Single-Day Context

Figures & data

Figure 1. Verbal working memory task.

Figure 2. Learning task.

Figure 3. Retrieval task.

Figure 4. Recognition task.

Figure 5. Experimental flow.

Table 1. Mean accuracy rates (%) and standard deviations in recognition tasks.

	MR		SR
	M	SD	M	SD
Time 1	52.89	11.57	56.64	12.74
Time 2	61.33	18.83	66.52	19.66
Time 3	69.85	18.60	76.45	18.04

Note. MR stands for multiple referents and SR for single referent. M refers to mean scores with SD standard deviations.

Table 2. Mean response times (ms) and standard deviations in recognition tasks.

	MR		SR
	M	SD	M	SD
Time 1	3486.12	1227.87	2659.05	898.58
Time 2	2847.53	1347.14	2452.15	1067.31
Time 3	2772.46	1034.67	2182.52	717.51

Note. MR stands for multiple referents and SR for single referent. PW stands for new words and UT for untrained words. M refers to mean scores with SD standard deviations.

Table 3. Mean accuracy rates (%) and standard deviations in retrieval tasks.

	MR		SR		PW		UT
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
Time 1	22.03	10.72	31.00	10.83	26.35	13.04	43.11	20.64
Time 2	38.57	20.50	47.13	18.87	47.70	24.36	60.67	25.30

Note. MR stands for multiple referents and SR for single referent. PW stands for new words and UT for untrained words. M refers to mean scores, with SD standard deviations.

Table 4. Mean response times (ms) and standard deviations (SD) in retrieval tasks.

	MR		SR		PW		UT
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
Time 1	2129.73	832.19	2291.54	812.17	2210.80	816.57	2388.18	2255.36
Time 2	1862.18	883.52	1954.06	803.72	1710.81	618.82	1634.63	884.94

Note. MR stands for multiple referents and SR for single referent. PW stands for new words and UT for untrained words. M refers to mean scores with SD standard deviations.

Table 5. Mean learned and unlearned rates (standard deviation) of miss items in retrieval tasks.

	MR		SR		PW
	Learned	Unlearned	Learned	Unlearned	Learned	Unlearned
Time 1	62.25	37.75	58.60	41.40	61.35	38.65
	(18.99)	(18.99)	(21.12)	(21.12)	(18.44)	(18.44)
Time 2	73.01	26.99	67.19	32.81	66.00	34.00
	(17.79)	(17.79)	(22.49)	(22.49)	(23.90)	(23.90)

Note. These rates show rates of miss as each learned or unlearned rates (standard deviations) wherein each number of learned or unlearned items is divided by each summation of the numbers of learned and unlearned items.

Table 6. Correlations between the accuracy rates of the verbal working memory (WM) task and SR and MR conditions in the recognition (Rec) and retrieval (Ret) tasks.

Trial (SR)	WM	Trial (MR)	WM
Rec 1	.42*	Rec 1	.44*
Rec 2	.33	Rec 2	.40*
Rec 3	.32	Rec 3	.44*
Ret 1	.35	Ret 1	.37
Ret 2	−.09	Ret 2	.24

Note. Asterisks indicate * p < .05.