Polyethylenimine-based nanocarriers in co-delivery of drug and gene: a developing horizon

Figures & data

Figure 6. Chemical structures of the degradable cationic polymers [80].

Abbreviations:PHP: Poly(4-hydroxy-L-proline ester); PAGA: Poly(γ-(4-aminobutyl)-L-glycolic acid); SS-PAEI: Reducible poly(amido ethylenimine); SS-PAA: series of linear bioreducible poly(amido amine); PPA: poly(phosphoramidates); PPZ: poly(phosphazenes); p(DMAEMA): poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate); IPEMA: 3-imidazol-1-yl-propionic acid ester of hydroxyethyl methacrylate; PPE: poly(phosphoesters); pHPMA: poly(N-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide); DMAE: dimethylaminoethyl; MPPM: 1-methyl-2-piperidine methanol; DEAE: N,N-diethylaminoethanol; DTBP: dimethyl 3,3ʹ-dithiobispropionimidate; PEI: poly(ethylene imine); PEG: poly(ethylene glycol); PLL: Poly(L-lysine); DSP: dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate).

Figure 1. Classification of cationic polymers [14].

Figure 2. PEI Structure [15].

Figure 3. Schematic of BPEI copolymers preparation [20].

Figure 4. Schematic of the confined impinging jet (CIJ) device used to fabricate polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles under rapid mixing conditions. (Streams are loaded independently with PEI/DNA plasmid and PEI/DNA nanoparticles, and are placed in a small compartment prior to collection [29].).

Table 1. Selected evidence on the therapeutic appeal of poly (ethylenimine) for co-delivery.

Vector	PEI used	Co delivery	Disease model	Properties Therapeutic effects	Ref
hybrid micelles (PCL-PEI) and (PCL-PEG)	PEI2k	Dex or siRNA	Rheumatoid arthritis	Reduce inflammation, without damaging renal or liver function. Thus, blocking NF-kB activation in inflammatory tissue	[61]
cationic pullulan-g-desoxycholic acid-g-PEI	lMbPEI(1kDa)	DOX and P53	MCF-7 cells	Improving antitumor efficacy and systemic toxicity	[64]
poly(EI-co-DCA) copolymers	Linear polyethyleneimine (PEI 423)	Drug demethylcantharate and Akt1 shRNA	(SMMC7721, MCF-7 and A549 cells)	In the present form significantly and synergistically suppress the growth and metastasis of three human cancer cells (SMMC-7721, MCF-7 and A549 cells)	[81]
(FA)-decorated PEG-b-(PCL-g-PEI)-b-PCL triblock copolymers	PEI800	siRNA and doxorubicin (DOX)	Breast cancer cells (MCF7/ADR)	These results proof that PECL3 micelles could co-deliver siRNA and drug to inhibit MDR tumor growth. thus can efficiently reverse MDR cancer and kill the cancer cells	[63]
HA/PEI-PLGA nanoparticles	Linear PEI with the terminal hydroxyl group	Doxorubicin (DOX) and miR-542-3p	TNBCMCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells	These nanoparticles have the potential to co-deliver chemotherapeutic agents and tumor suppressive miRNAs in combinatorial TNBC therapy and increased both drug uptake and cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells	[65]
PEI-hyd-DOX	High molecular weight of 5000 (PEI5k)	pGL-3 plasmid and DOX	HeLa and 293T cells	Proven to be bio-controllably released inside the cells with an enhanced drug efficacy. applicable for the combination of chemotherapy and gene therapy	[66]
PEI and PCL graft copolymer	LMw-PEI	Dox and p53-pDNA	HepG2, Hela and glial tumor	Great potential of the copolymer as an effective platform which provides a stronger cytotoxic effect via higher cellular transfection and simultaneous drug and gene delivery against aggressive cancers	[82]
Two amphiphilic diblock copolymers, (PCL-PEI) and (PCL-PEG)	Branched poly-(ethyleneimine) (MW = 2000, PEI2k)	MicroRNA-34a and Vismodegib	B16F10-CD44+ cells	Candidate delivery vehicle associated with excellent delivery performance and minimal toxicity and great potential in cancer therapy	[83]

Abbreviations: PCL: polycaprolactone, PEI: polyethylenimine; PEG: polyethyleneglycol; Dex: dexamethasone; siRNA: small-interfering RNA; lMbPEI: low-molecular weight branched polyethylenimine; DOX: doxorubicin poly(EI, co-DCA) poly(ethylenimine-co-demethylcantharate); FA: folic acid; TNBC: triple negative breast cancer, HeLa: Human cervix carcinoma cells, 293T: human embryonic kidney transformed 293 cells, -pDNA: plasmid DNA, HepG2: human hepatoma cell line, PLGA: poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid.

Figure 5. Cell viability and gel electrophoresis assays of different nanocomplexes [77].

Abbreviations: PEI: polyethyleneimine, QD: quantum dot, N/P: nitrogen to phosphate.

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