A comprehensive review of impedance source network DC circuit breaker topologies

Figures & data

Figure 1. Cross ZCB (Corzine & Ashton, 2012).

Figure 2. Parallel ZCB (Corzine & Ashton, 2011).

Figure 3. Series ZCB (Chang et al., 2016; Chang et al., 2013).

Figure 4. (a) and (b) Two modified ZCB (Overstreet et al., 2014).

Figure 5. ZCB with coupled inductors (Maqsood & Corzine, 2015b).

Figure 6. ZCB with transformer (Li et al., 2019).

Figure 7. Modified series ZCB convenient for loads with power electronic converters (Surwade et al., 2020).

Figure 8. Modified series ZCB with enhanced performance during commissioning and reclosing (Raghavendra et al., 2022).

Figure 9. (a) and (b) are two configurations of bidirectional cross ZCB (Maqsood & Corzine, 2014).

Figure 10. (a) Modified unidirectional and (b) Modified bidirectional ZCB with reclosing ability (Maqsood & Corzine, 2015a).

Figure 11. ZCB with bidirectional fault current limiter and interrupter (FCLI) (Keshavarzi et al., 2017).

Figure 12. (a) Unidirectional coupled-inductor ZCB. (b): Bidirectional coupled-inductor ZCB (Maqsood & Corzine, 2016).

Figure 13. (a) Bi-directional ZCB (b) Bi-directional ZCB with coupled inductor (Savaliya et al., 2016).

Figure 14. A bidirectional series ZCB (Ryan et al., 2018).

Figure 15. Bidirectional solid-state circuit breaker for DC microgrid (Wang et al., 2019).

Figure 16. Modified bi-directional ZSB with a coupled inductor (Bi-CZCB) (Savaliya & Fernandes, 2018; Savaliya & Fernandes, 2021).

Figure 17. (a) Unidirectional (AZCB). (b) bidirectional (AZCB) (Shu et al., 2020).

Figure 18. A coupled-inductor-based bidirectional ZCB (CI-BZCB) (Marwaha et al., 2020).

Figure 19. A coupled-inductor-based bidirectional ZCB (Wang et al., 2021).

Figure 20. Bidirectional ZCB with fault decision-making ability (Yang et al., 2021).

Figure 21. Bidirectional ZCB for fuel cell related system (Zhang et al., 2020).

Figure 22. Bidirectional O-ZCB for DC microgrid protection (Zhou et al., 2021).

Figure 23. (a) Circuit breakers for DC microgrids (b) A variation to the circuit breakers (Corzine, 2015).

Figure 24. Γ-ZCB (Al-Khafaf & Asumadu, 2017).

Figure 25. Modified Γ-ZCB (Diao et al., 2021).

Figure 26. T-source circuit breaker (TCB) (Li et al., 2016).

Figure 27. Bidirectional (TCB) series circuit (Song et al., 2019).

Figure 28. A modified T-source circuit breaker for flexible DC distribution networks (Diao et al., 2021).

Figure 29. Modified T-source circuit breaker for bidirectional operation in MVDC (Sapkota et al., 2020).

Figure 30. Bidirectional T-source circuit breaker for low voltage DC distribution network (Song et al., 2021).

Figure 31. Y-source impedance circuit breaker (YCB) (Al-Khafaf & Asumadu, 2018; Al-Khafaf & Asumadu, 2018).

Table 1. A comparative review of various impedance source circuit breaker configurations.

No	Ref no	breaker Type	Uni/ Bi-Directional	reflected current	common ground	Low pass filter	Control Circuit required	size	starting current	Conduction loss	construction	Step load Change	Symmetrical
1	(Corzine & Ashton, 2012)	Z-source	Uni	No	No	No	Simple	Large	high	Low	Complex	_	_
2	(Corzine & Ashton, 2011)		Uni	Yes	Yes	No	Simple	Large	high	Low	Simple	_	_
3	(Chang et al., 2016; Chang et al., 2013)		Uni	Yes	Yes	Yes	Simple	Large	High	Low	Simple	_	_
4	(Overstreet et al., 2014)		Uni	Yes	Yes	Yes	Simple	Large	Medium	Low	Complex	Yes	_
5	(Maqsood & Corzine, 2015b)		Uni	No	Yes	Yes	Simple	Small	Medium	Low	Simple	_	_
6	(Li et al., 2019)		Uni	No	Yes	Yes	Simple	Small	Medium	Low	Simple	_	_
7	(Surwade et al., 2020)		Uni	Yes	Yes	Yes	Simple	Large	_	_	Complex	_	_
8	(Raghavendra et al., 2022)		Uni	No	Yes	Yes	Complex	Large	Medium	_	Complex	_	_
9	(Maqsood & Corzine, 2014)		Bi	Yes	No	No	Complex	Large	_	_	Complex	Low
10	(Maqsood & Corzine, 2014)		Bi	Yes	No	No	Complex	Large	_	_	Complex	Low
11	(Maqsood & Corzine, 2015a)		Uni	Yes	No	No	Complex	Large	_	_	Complex	Low	_
12	(Maqsood & Corzine, 2015a)		Bi	Yes	No	No	Complex	Large	_	_	Complex	Low
13	(Keshavarzi et al., 2017)		Bi	Yes	Yes	No	Complex	Small	_	Low	Simple	_
14	(Maqsood & Corzine, 2016)		Uni	No	Yes	Yes	Complex	Simple	_	_	Complex	_	_
15	(Maqsood & Corzine, 2016)		Bi	No	Yes	_	Complex	Large	_	_	Complex		Yes
16	(Savaliya et al., 2016)		Bi	Yes	Yes	_	Complex	Large	_	Low	Complex	_	No
17	(Savaliya et al., 2016)		Bi	No	Yes	_	Complex	Small	_	Low	Complex	_	Yes
18	(Ryan et al., 2018)		Bi	Yes	Yes	Yes	Simple	Large	_	_	Complex	_	No
19	(Wang et al., 2019)		Bi	No	Yes	_	Complex	Small	_	_	Simple	_	Yes
20	(Savaliya & Fernandes, 2018; Savaliya & Fernandes, 2021)		Bi	No	Yes	Yes	Complex	Small	_	High	Simple	Yes	Yes
21	(Shu et al., 2020)		Uni	Yes	Yes	No	Complex	Small	_	Low	Simple	_	_
22	(Shu et al., 2020)		Bi	Yes	Yes	No	Complex	Small	_	Low	Simple	_	yes
23	(Marwaha et al., 2020)		Bi	Yes	Yes	No	Complex	Small	_	_	Simple		No
24	(Wang et al., 2021)		Bi	No	Yes	_	Simple	Small	_	Moderate	Complex	Yes	No
25	(Yang et al., 2021)		Bi	No	Yes	Yes	Simple	Small	_	_	Complex	_	Yes
26	(Zhang et al., 2020)		Bi	Yes	Yes	_	Simple	Small	_	_	Complex	Yes	Yes
27	(Zhou et al., 2021)		Bi	Yes	Yes	_	Complex	Small	_	Low	Simple	Yes	Yes
28	(Corzine, 2015)	Γ-source	Uni	No	Yes	Yes	Simple	Small	_	_	Simple	Yes	_
29	(Al-Khafaf & Asumadu, 2017)		Uni	No	Yes	Yes	Simple	Small	_	_	Simple	Yes	_
30	(Diao et al., 2021)		Uni	No	Yes	Yes	Simple	Small	_	_	Simple	Yes	_
31	(Li et al., 2016)	T-source	Uni	No	Yes	Yes	Simple	Small	_	_	Simple	Yes	_
33	(Song et al., 2019)		Bi	No	Yes	Yes	Complex	Small	_	_	Complex	Yes	Yes
34	(Diao et al., 2021)		Uni	No	Yes	Yes	Simple	Small	_	_	Simple	_	_
35	(Sapkota et al., 2020)		Bi	No	Yes	Yes	Simple	Small	_	_	Complex		No
36	(Song et al., 2021)		Bi	No	Yes	Yes	Simple	Small	_	_	Simple		No
36	(Al-Khafaf & Asumadu, 2018; Al-Khafaf & Asumadu, 2021; Al-Khafaf & Asumadu, 2018)	Y-source	Bi	No	Yes	Yes	Simple	Small	_	_	Simple	Yes	Yes

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