Gravimetric approach of fuel consumption in 30% biodiesel blends fuel: cost-effective solution of real-world fuel consumption measurement

Figures & data

Table 1. Flow meter specification.

Parameter	Unit	Value
Measurement principle		PLU
Measurement range	l/h	0.16–75
Resolution	Pulses/cm^2	3400–840
Measurement uncertainty
Volume/Mass	%	≤0.1 (According to DIN 1319)
Density	g/dm^3	1

Figure 1. Flowmeter measurement diagram (GMBH, 2009).

Figure 2. Gravimetric configuration.

Figure 3. Installation layout.

Table 2. Engine specification.

Parameter	Value
Model	2 GD FTV 4 Cylinder In Line, 16 Valve DOHC with VNT Intercooler
Maximum power output (MPO)	80PS/3500 rpm
Maximum torque	19.5Nm/1800 rpm
Transmission	5 speed MT
Gear ratio	1. 4313 2. 2330 3. 1436 4. 1000 5. 0.838
Final gear ratio	3583
Cylinder diameter	92 mm
Strooke	90 mm
Cylinder number	4

Table 3. Biodiesel B30 & B100 specification (Iswantoro et al., 2021).

Parameter	B30	B100	Unit
Cetane number	51	51
Viscosity (40 °C)	4.43	4.6	[cSt]
Density	856	878.9	kg/m^3
Flash point	96	150	°C
Pour point	−4	−3	°C

Figure 4. Idle cycle.

Figure 5. Idle test configuration.

Table 4. Uncertainty of volumetric measurement.

Code	Sources	Uncertainty	Sensitivity coefficient	Uncertainty standard	Unit
UAv	Repeatability measurement	0.004	1	0.004	g
UB2v	Calibration	0.0005	1	0.0005	g
UB3v	Resolution	0.147	1	0.147	g
U2(L)				0.022	g
Combined uncertainty U2(L)				0.147	g
Expanded uncertainty (k = 2)				0.294	g

Figure 6. New European driving cycle.

Figure 7. NEDC test configuration.

Figure 8. Voltage to mass calibration.

Figure 9. Loadcell calibration hysteresis.

Table 5. Uncertainty of scale measurement.

Code	Sources	Uncertainty	Sensitivity coefficient	Uncertainty Standard	Unit
UAg	Repeatability measurement	0.022	1	0.022	g
UB2g	Calibration	0.241	1	0.241	g
UB3g	Buoyancy	9.17 × 10^-10	1	9.17 × 10^-10	g
U2(L)				0.058	g
Combined uncertainty U(L)				0.241	g
Expanded uncertainty (k = 2)				0.482	g

Figure 10. Fuel mass flow during idle test.

Table 6. Comparison of fuel flow rate on an idle test.

Item	Unit	Scale	Flow meter	Diff
Means	g/s	3.475	3.464	0.011
Std deviation		0.519	0.099
Total mass	g	1887.9	1898.5	10.6
Error	%			0.318

Table 7. Comparison of fuel flow rate on NEDC test.

Item	Unit	Scale	Flow meter	Diff
Means	g/s	14.068	14.223	0.155
Std deviation		1.436	0.099
Total mass	g	16274	16566	293
Error	%			5.763

Figure 11. Fuel mass flow during the NEDC test.

GMBH, A. L. (2009). AVL KMA mobile: Fuel consumption measurement. https://www.avl.com/documents/10138/885965/AVL_product_description_KMA+Mobile_+EN.pdf

 Google Scholar

Iswantoro, A, Cahyono, B, Zaman, M B, Busse, W, Semin, (2021). The effect of use of biodiesel B30 from palm oil to degradation of oil lubrication in 1-cylinder diesel engine 4-stroke.IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 649(1, 012063). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/649/1/012063

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Data availability statement

The necessary data used in the manuscript are already present in the manuscript.