Seed content and its oil composition in walnut cultivated from Tunceli, Türkiye

Figures & data

Table 1. Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of walnut seed.

Physicochemical properties	Hozat	Ovacık	Nazimiye
Moisture content	2.48 ± 0.09a	3.52 ± 0.05c	2.91 ± 0.08b
Ash content	1.43 ± 0.03c	1.11 ± 0.04a	1.28 ± 0.05b
Acidity (pH)	5.85 ± 0.01b	5.93 ± 0.01c	5.73 ± 0.02a
Oil content	63.30 ± 1.28a	73.69 ± 1.74b	65.93 ± 1.48a
Protein content	14.77 ± 0.35b	16.07 ± 0.15c	13.60 ± 0.82a

Note: Different letters in the same column show significant difference (p < 0.05).

Table 2. Fatty acid compositions (%) of walnut oils cultivated in different part of Tunceli.

Fatty acids	Fatty acid components (%)
	Hozat	Ovacık	Nazimiye
Myristic acid (C 14:0)	0.02 ± 0.01a,B	<0.01a,A	0.02 ± 0.01a,B
Palmitic acid (C 16:0)	9.02 ± 0.56b,A,B	9.50 ± 0.99b,B	7.66 ± 0.70b,A
Margaric acid (C 17:0)	0.01 ± 0.01a,A	0.02 ± 0.01a,B	<0.01a,A
Oleic acid (C 18:1)	28.23 ± 2.47d,A	30.22 ± 0.36d,A	35.96 ± 1.16d,B
Linoleic acid (C 18:2)	48.90 ± 2.10e,B	46.97 ± 1.30e,A,B	44.95 ± 1.34e,A
Linolenic acid (C 18:3)	13.69 ± 0.42c,B	13.16 ± 0.31c,B	11.25 ± 0.55c,A
Other	0.10 ± 0.07	0.13 ± 0.06	0.15 ± 0.18
SFA	9.06 ± 0.56 A,B	9.52 ± 0.98B	7.68 ± 0.71 A
MUFA	28.26 ± 2.51 A	30.22 ± 0.36 A	35.96 ± 1.16B
PUFA	62.59 ± 2.21B	60.13 ± 1.25B	56.21 ± 1.19 A

Note: Different letters in the same column or row show significant difference (p < 0.05).

Lower case: it was used in the column for ANOVA of fatty acids belonging to the same walnut seed oil.

Upper case: it was used in the row for ANOVA of the oils belonging to different walnut seeds.

Table 3. Altitude and annual rainfall throughout seed development at the locations where the samples were collected (Weather and Climate, access date: 29.5.2023).

Location	Hozat	Ovacık	Nazimiye
Altitude (m)	1000	1300	1550
Annual mean temperature (2010–2020) (^oC)	15.83	15.90	15.60
Annual mean high temperature (2010–2020) (^oC)	19.85	19.76	19.48
Annual mean low temperature (2010–2020) (^oC)	7.18	7.15	7.04
Annual rainfall (2010–2020) (mm/3.58 in)	90.93	91.35	89.64

Table 4. TPC, DPPH antioxidant activity, iodine value, refractive and nutritional indexes of walnut seed oil.

	Hozat	Ovacık	Nazimiye
TPC (mg GAE g^–1 oil)	1.33 ± 0.46b	0.33 ± 0.29a	1.53 ± 0.11b
DPPH (mg TE g^–1 oil)	15.42 ± 0.26c	13.04 ± 0.12a	14.29 ± 0.38b
Refractive index	1.4681 ± 0.0001a	1.4677 ± 0.0001a	1.4694 ± 0.0004b
Iodine value (gms)	108.98 ± 1.80	107.35 ± 2.04	108.79 ± 1.93
Unsaturation index (UI)	167.13 ± 2.10b	163.64 ± 2.18b	159.63 ± 1.35a
Atherogenicity index (IA)	0.10 ± 0.01a,b	0.11 ± 0.01b	0.08 ± 0.01a
Thrombogenicity index (IT)	0.05 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.01
Hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (HH)	10.07 ± 0.69a	9.59 ± 1.10a	12.07 ± 1.14b

Note: Different letters in the same column show significant difference (p < 0.05).

Figure 1. Flow behavior of walnut oils at 25 °C.

Appendix A. The chromatogram of Ovacik-1.

Appendix B. The chromatogram of Ovacik-2.

Appendix C. The chromatogram of Ovacik-3.

Appendix D. The chromatogram of Hozat-1.

Appendix E. The chromatogram of Hozat-2.

Appendix F. The chromatogram of Hozat-3.

Appendix G. The chromatogram of Nazimiye-1.

Appendix H. The chromatogram of Nazimiye-2.

Appendix L. The chromatogram of Nazimiye-3.