Metabolic syndrome extenuation in rat model by feeding Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni cookies

Figures & data

Figure 1. HPLC chromatogram of (a) water, (b) ethanolic, (c) methanolic, and (d) supercritical Stevia extract.

Table 1. Mean values for HPLC quantification of Steviosides in Stevia extracts (mg/kg).

Sample	Stevioside	Rebaudioside A	Steviol
SWE	665.34 ± 27.27^d	383.38 ± 17.25^c	357.26 ± 14.64^c
SEE	929.84 ± 39.98^b	410.89 ± 16.84^bc	435.55 ± 18.72^b
SME	822.07 ± 36.17^c	456.24 ± 21.44^b	379.36 ± 16.69^c
SFE	1107.95 ± 50.96^a	792.15 ± 38.02^a	485.25 ± 22.32^a

Values are means ± standard deviation, SWE = Stevia water extract, SEE = Stevia ethanol extract, SME = Stevia methanol extract, SFE = Supercritical extract, means followed by different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).

Table 2. Effect of stevia cookies on the serum profile.

Parameters	Study groups	Diet
		T0	T1	T2	T3
Glucose (mg/dL)	Normal rats	83.58^A ± 2.02	78.79^A ± 7.92	81.89^A ± 3.40	82.78^A ± 4.27
	Hyperglycemic rats	154.40^A ± 3.45	142.29^AB ± 1.44	150.10^AB ± 2.60	148.46^B ± 2.15
	Hypercholesterolemic rats	145.20^A ± 4.15	131.80^AB ± 2.38	140.2^AB ± 2.34	138.4^B ± 2.96
Insulin (µU/mL)	Normal rats	7.11^A ± 0.34	7.19^A ± 0.16	7.17^A ± 0.35	7.09^A ± 0.26
	Hyperglycemic rats	8.76^C ± 1.94	13.42^A ± 1.81	10.86^B ± 1.04	12.72^A ± 1.96
	Hypercholesterolemic rats	10.53^C ± 3.60	14.21^A ± 1.99	11.77^B ± 2.65	12.56^B ± 2.76

Values are Mean ± standard deviation, n = 3, T₀ - normal sucrose cookies, T₁-stevia powder cookies, T₂ -water extract cookies, T₃ -SFE cookies, A-C – means followed by different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).

Table 3. Effect of stevia on the lipid profile.

Parameters	Study groups	Diet
		T0	T1	T2	T3
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	Normal rats	78.24^A ± 5.06	75.01^A ± 7.30	77.76^A ± 5.00	76.91^A ± 4.03
	Hyperglycemic rats	108.16^A ± 6.83	99.53^B ± 8.06	104.80^AB ± 7.35	101.77^AB ± 8.89
	Hypercholesterolemic rats	110.93^A ± 4.32	97.61^B ± 9.08	103.59 ^AB ± 8.45	101.60 ± 6.78^B
HDL (mg/dL)	Normal rats	39. 85^B ± 4.17	44.65^A ± 5.25	41.46 ^AB ± 7.47	42.89^AB ± 5.95
	Hyperglycemic rats	45.05^A ± 2.68	54.74^A ± 3.27	48.54^A ± 2.40	50.73^A ± 6.29
	Hypercholesterolemic rats	43.91^B ± 4.23	50.57^A ± 6.92	46.97^AB ± 3.28	47.78^AB ± 1.68
LDL (mg/dL)	Normal rats	31.45^A ± 4.30	27.54^B ± 4.21	30.82^AB ± 3.45	29.48^B ± 4.23
	Hyperglycemic rats	49.00^A ± 3.54	42.77^A ± 5.89	47.16^A ± 4.50	46.06^A ± 4.80
	Hypercholesterolemic rats	56.55^A ± 4.36	51.39^B ± 6.84	54.35^AB ± 5.68	53.78 ^A B ± 4.33
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	Normal rats	80.20^A ± 7.91	75.20^A ± 4.86	78.17^A ± 3.81	77.42^A ± 7.87
	Hyperglycemic rats	89.0^A ± 6.96	81.53^A ± 5.41	86.0^A ± 6.28	84.4^A ± 8.50
	Hypercholesterolemic rats	97.80^A ± 5.40	92.18^A ± 5.85	95.86 ^A ± 6.30	94.72^A ± 7.31

Values are Mean ± standard deviation, n = 3, T₀ - normal sucrose cookies, T₁-stevia powder cookies, T₂ -water extract cookies, T₃ -SFE cookies, HDL – high density lipoprotein, LDL – low density lipoprotein, A-B – means followed by different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).

Table 4. Effect of Stevia on the liver functions tests.

Parameters	Study Groups	Diet
		T0	T1	T2	T3
AST (IU/L)	Normal rats	107.42^A ± 4.71	105.48^A ± 3.89	106.12^A ± 2.19	106.56^A ± 2.48
	Hyperglycemic rats	130.84^A ± 3.31	126.61^A ± 5.07	127.69^A ± 4.85	129.23^A ± 3.81
	Hypercholesterolemic rats	122.99^A ± 5.63	116.43^A ± 3.23	117.91^A ± 5.52	120.10^A ± 5.49
ALT (IU/L)	Normal rats	35.64^A ± 5.91	31.61^A ± 4.05	33.03^A ± 3.57	33.27^A ± 2.76
	Hyperglycemic rats	54.05^A ± 4.19	49.56^A ± 1.78	51.28^A ± 5.10	53.15^A ± 4.79
	Hypercholesterolemic rats	52.07^A ± 3.31	47.54^A ± 3.08	49.60^A ± 1.80	50.47^A ± 5.11
ALP (IU/L)	Normal rats	141.54^A ± 3.49	135.17^A ± 9.87	138.77^A ± 5.03	140.95^A ± 9.53
	Hyperglycemic rats	185.12^A ± 2.64	171.11^A ± 7.5	179.09^A ± 6.54	177.34^A ± 7.83
	Hypercholesterolemic rats	202.19^A ± 2.54	193.90 ± 6.43	197.05^A ± 7.39	199.72^A ± 7.46

Values are Mean ± standard deviation, n = 3, T₀ - normal sucrose cookies, T₁-stevia powder cookies, T₂ -water extract cookies, T₃ -SFE cookies, AST – aspartate aminotransferase, ALT – alanine transaminase, ALP – alkaline phosphatase, A – means followed by the same letters are not significantly different (P > 0.05).

Table 5. Effect of stevia on the renal function tests.

Parameters	Study groups	Diet
		T0	T1	T2	T3
Urea (mg/dL)	Normal rats	23.64^A ± 2.32	20.77^B ± 1.05	22.34^AB ± 0.91	22.80^B ± 1.91
	Hyperglycemic rats	30.12^A ± 1.80	27.94^A ± 2.65	28.52^A ± 3.12	28.16^A ± 3.52
	Hypercholesterolemic rats	31.10^A ± 3.73	27.81^B ± 3.42	28.79^AB ± 2.28	29.09^AB ± 2.43
Creatinine (mg/dL)	Normal rats	0.67^A ± 0.06	0.63^A ± 0.04	0.65^A ± 0.01	0.63^A ± 0.02
	Hyperglycemic rats	0.96^A ± 0.08	0.91^A ± 0.05	0.93^A ± 0.02	0.94 ^A ± 0.09
	Hypercholesterolemic rats	1.02^A ± 0.05	0.95^A ± 0.08	0.97^A ± 0.07	0.98 ^A ± 0.06

Values are Mean ± standard deviation, n = 3, T₀ - normal sucrose cookies, T₁-stevia powder cookies, T₂ -water extract cookies, T₃ -SFE cookies, A-B – means followed by different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).

Table 6. Effect of Stevia on the hematological profile.

Parameters	Study groups	Diet
		T0	T1	T2	T3
Red Blood Cells (cells/Pl)	Normal rats	5.87^B ± 0.67	6.72^A ± 0.44	6.58^A ± 0.43	6.44^A ± 0.57
	Hyperglycemic rats	6.77^A ± 0.52	7.29 ± ^A0.85	7.16^A ± 0.33	7.13^A ± 0.38
	Hypercholesterolemic rats	7.17^A ± 0.64	7.75^A ± 0.44	7.45^A ± 0.63	7.37^A ± 0.32
White Blood Cell (cells/nL)	Normal rats	6.35^A ± 0.93	6.16^A ± 0.84	6.29^A ± 0.64	6.32^A ± 0.52
	Hyperglycemic rats	13.16^A ± 1.01	12.95^A ± 1.04	13.01^A ± 0.73	13.07 ± 0.85
	Hypercholesterolemic rats	15.03^A ± 1.13	14.13^A ± 1.60	14.47^A ± 1.18	14.55^A ± 1.75
Platelets Count	Normal rats	7.26^A ± 0.45	7.37^A ± 0.15	7.30^A ± 0.20	7.32^A ± 0.16
	Hyperglycemic rats	6.77^A ± 0.31	6.84^A ± 0.29	6.79^A ± 0.49	6.81^A ± 0.12
	Hypercholesterolemic rats	6.38^A ± 0.24	6.44^A ± 0.38	6.41^A ± 0.48	6.40^A ± 0.51

Values are Mean ± standard deviation, n = 3, T₀ – normal sucrose cookies, T₁-stevia powder cookies, T₂ -water extract cookies, T₃ -SFE cookies, RBCs – red blood cells count, WBCs – white blood cells count, PLC – platelets count, A-B – means followed by different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).