Management of a new grapevine dieback in Morocco: Botryosphaeria dieback (Black dead arm) caused by Botryosphaeriaceae

Abstract

Recently, grapevine trunk diseases have been considered the most destructive of grapevine species in Morocco. Several damages are observed annually in vineyards by these destructive diseases in vineyards. Botryosphaeria dieback is one of the major responsible of these wasting diseases. Symptoms include sectorial and central necrosis, brown bands or cracks, discolorations and withering on the foliar surface. Botryosphaeria dieback symptomatology, associated fungi, host-pathogen interaction, and control methods are the topics of this review.

Keywords:

• Grapevine
• disease
• Botryosphaeria dieback
• pathogen

Ethics statement

This study was done in compliance with the ethical standards. This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Author contributions

Z.B. Wrote and prepared the review; S.D. collected the disease data; A.S. revised the review. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

Conflict of interest the authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest, or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this review.

Additional information

Funding

This research did not receive any specific Grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.