Evaluation of radiological health risk caused by the use of fly ash in cement and concrete production and its storage

ABSTRACT

As a result of firing pulverized coal in thermal power plants, enormous amounts of fly ash (FA) are produced as industrial waste. The release into the atmosphere and storage of this industrial waste remains one of the major environmental problems that threaten human health by contributing to air, water, and soil pollution. The recovery and reuse of FA in the construction industry is the only economic solution to the existing problem. In this study, the potential radiological risk caused by the usage of FA in concrete and cement production as a main component and its storage in landfill sites was evaluated for people and works by estimating radiological parameters (activity concentration and alpha index, annual effective doses, and the corresponding excess lifetime cancer risks) based on activity concentrations of terrestrial radionuclides in FA. Also, the radiological risk to the workers working in the FA landfill site was evaluated using the Residual Radioactivity Onsite 7.2 code. The average activity concentrations of terrestrial radionuclides in FA samples from the Tunçbilek lignite coal-fired thermal power plant at Kütahya province of Turkey were measured as 417, 156 and 454 Bq kg⁻¹ for ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K, respectively. When using up to 35% by mass of FA in cement and concrete, the average values of the radiological parameters revealed that they were within the recommended safety limits. However, code estimations showed that a regular worker in FA storage would be exposed to a total effective dose rate greater than 3 mSv y⁻¹.

KEYWORDS:

• Fly ash
• Cement
• Concrete
• Radiological risk
• RESRAD code

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Author contribution

The measurements of the activity concentrations of the terrestrial radionuclides in fly ash samples were performed by Turhan. The dose assessment was done by Jamasali. The manuscript was written by Jamasali and Turhan. The final manuscript was read and approved by all authors.

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.