https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6175-0698
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ABSTRACT
Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) cause significant disability and impact the quality of life of those affected by it. The nutritional status and diet are fundamental to diminish the progression of complications; vitamins modulate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, promote blood-spinal cord barrier preservation and the prompt recovery of homeostasis. A deep knowledge of the benefits achieved from vitamins in patients with SCI are summarized. Information of dosage, time, and effects of vitamins in these patients are also displayed. Vitamins have been extensively investigated; however, more clinical trials are needed to clarify the scope of vitamin supplementation.
Objective: The objective of this review was to offer relevant therapeutic information based on vitamins supplementation for SCI patients.
Methods: Basic and clinical studies that have implemented the use of vitamins in SCI were considered. They were selected from the year 2000–2022 from three databases: PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar.
Results: Consistent benefits in clinical trials were shown in those who were supplemented with vitamin D (prevents osteoporosis and improves physical performance variables), B3 (improves lipid profile) and B12 (neurological prophylaxis of chronic SCI damage) mainly. On the other hand, improvement related to neuroprotection, damage modulation (vitamin A) and its prophylaxis were associated to B complex vitamins supplementation; the studies who reported positive results are displayed in this review.
Discussion: Physicians should become familiar with relevant information that can support conventional treatment in patients with SCI, such as the use of vitamins, a viable option that can improve outcomes in patients with this condition.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Data availability statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
Additional information
Funding
Notes on contributors
Karina A. Pedroza-García
Ph.D. Karina A Pedroza-García: The doctor is a dietitian and has a master's degree in human nutrition and a doctorate in biological sciences. She currently serves as a professor in the Nutrition Department of the Autonomous University of Aguascalientes and works as a collaborator in research projects related to neuroscience.
Gabriela Careaga-Cárdenas
MD Gabriela Careaga-Cárdenas: She is an intensivist pediatrician and is currently studying a master's degree in biomedical research at the Autonomous University of Aguascalientes.
Carmen Díaz-Galindo
Ph.D Carmen Díaz-Galindo: She currently serves as Head of the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology at the Autonomous University of Aguascalientes.
J. Luis Quintanar
Ph.D J. Luis Quintanar: The Doctor has extensive experience in research projects related to neuroregeneration and belongs to the National System of Researchers, the Doctor is a full-time professor in the Autonomous University of Aguascalientes.
Irma Hernández-Jasso
Ph.D. Irma Hernández-Jasso: The doctor has a doctorate in biological sciences and works as a teacher and academic technician at the Autonomous University of Aguascalientes; she currently collaborates with various research projects related to sciatic nerve damage.
Ricardo E. Ramírez-Orozco
Ph.D. Ricardo E. Ramírez-Orozc: He currently serves as Secretary of Research and Postgraduate Studies of the Health Sciences Center of the Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, his line of work includes projects related to neuroscience and the impact of diet and nutritional status. In addition to this, he serves as a full-time professor and editor of the Journal Lux Medica.