Recent Advancements in Fluorometric and Colorimetric Detection of Cd²⁺ Using Organic Chemosensors: A Review (2019–2024)

Abstract

In recent decades, heavy metal ions have emerged as a significant global environmental concern, posing threats to the delicate balance of ecosystems worldwide. Their introduction into ecosystems occurs through various activities and poses a serious risk to human health. Among heavy metal ions, Cd²⁺ is recognized as a highly toxic pollutant. Its widespread use contributes to its accumulation in the environment. Chronic exposure to Cd²⁺ ions present serious risks to both the environment and human health. Therefore, the detection of these metal ions are very important. Organic fluorometric and colorimetric detection have emerged as promising tools for this purpose, offering advantages such as high sensitivity, selectivity, and sometimes reversibility. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the fluorometric and colorimetric detection of Cd²⁺ using organic chemosensors from 2019 to 2024. We delve into key aspects of these studies, including the design strategies employed to design novel chemosensors and the underlying sensing mechanisms. Furthermore, we explore the diverse applications of these organic chemosensors, ranging from environmental monitoring to biomedical diagnostics. By analyzing the latest research findings, this review aims to offer insights into the current state-of-the-art in the field of Cd²⁺ detection using organic chemosensors. Additionally, it highlights the potential opportunities and challenges that lie ahead, paving the way for future advancements in this important area of research.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Heavy metal
• environment
• colorimetric
• reversibility
• biomedical diagnostics

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Deanship of Scientific Research and under the supervision of the Scientific and Engineering Research Centre at Najran University for funding this work under the Research centers Funding program grant code (NU/RCP/SERC/12/6). The authors are thankful to the Deanship of Scientific Research at University of Bisha for supporting this work through the Fast-Track Research Support Program.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

The work was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Najran University for funding this work under the supervision of the Scientific and Engineering Research Centre grant code (NU/RCP/SERC/12/6).