66
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Domestication, restoration and sustainable use of Indonesian sandalwood

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 49-59 | Received 11 Jun 2023, Accepted 02 Jan 2024, Published online: 20 Feb 2024

References

  • Anonymous. 2010. Consultation meeting on sandalwood development in East Nusa Tenggara province. ITTO PD 459/07 Rev.1 (F); improving the enabling conditions for sustainable management of sandalwood forest resources in East Nusa Tenggara province. Kerjasama Antara ITTO, Dinas Kehutanan Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Dan Direktorat Bina Pengembangan Hutan Alam – Ditjen BPK Departemen Kehutanan.
  • Anonymous. 2018. RPJMD Perubahan Provinsi NTT Tahun 2018–2023. Permerintah Daerah Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Indonesian.
  • Ardhana IK. 2005. Penataan Nusa Tenggara pada masa kolonial 1915–1950 [The arrangement of Nusa Tenggara in colonial period 1915–1950]. Jakarta (Indonesia): PT Raja Grafindo Persada. Indonesian.
  • Bano Et HH. 2001. Peranan cendana dalam perekonomian NTT: Dulu dan kini [The role of sandalwood in the economy of ENT: past and present]. Berita Biologi LIPI. 5(1):469–475. Indonesian.
  • Baskorowati L. 2011. Flowering intensity and flower visitor of Santalum album L. at ex situ conservation plot, Watusipat, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Journal of Forestry Research. 8(2):130–143. doi:10.20886/ijfr.2011.8.2.130-143.
  • Bele D, Tripathi MK, Tiwari G, Baghel BS, Tiwari S. 2012. Microcloning of sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.) from cultured leaf discs. Journal of Agricultural Technology. 8(2):571–583.
  • Bhargava P, Ravindra N, Singh G. 2018. A modified and improved protocol development for in vitro clonal propagation of Santalum album L. from internodal explants. The Journal of the Society for Tropical Plant Research. 5(2):193–199. doi:10.22271/tpr.2018.v5.i2.024.
  • Bhaskar V. 1992. Pollination biology and fertilization in Santalum album L. (Santalaceae). Flora. 187:73–78. doi:10.1016/S0367-2530(17)32207-7.
  • Bisht SS, Hemanthraj KPM. 2014. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling of heartwood oil composition from 15 years old sandalwood trees. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. 6(2):387–392.
  • Bisht SS, Ravindra GD. 2019. Variability in yield and composition of oil from Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L.) trees grown in homogeneous conditions. Tropical Plant Research. 6(1):31–36. doi:10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i1.006.
  • BPS. 2005. Aceh province in figures 2005. Aceh (Indonesia): Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam.
  • Brand J, Kimber P, Streatfield J. 2006. Preliminary analysis of Indian sandalwood oil from a 14 year old plantation at Kununurra, Western Australia. Sandalwood Research Newsletter. 21:1–3.
  • Brand JE, Fox JED, Pronk G, Cornwell C. 2007. Comparison of oil concentration and oil quality from Santalum spicatum and S. album plantations, 8–25 years old, with those from mature S. spicatum natural stands. Australian Forestry. 70(4):235–241. doi:10.1080/00049158.2007.10675025.
  • Buharman DD, Widyani N, Sudradjat S. 2011. Atlas Benih tanaman hutan. Bogor (Indonesia): BPTPTH. Indonesian.
  • Bulai P. 2005. Research, development, and tree improvement of sandalwood in Fiji. In: Thomson L, Bulai S, Wilikibau B, editors. Proceedings of the regional workshop on sandalwood research, development and extension in the Pacific Islands and Asia; 2005 Nov 28 – Dec 1; Nadi, Fiji.
  • Bush D, Brophy J, Bolatolu W, Dutt S, Hamani S, Doran J, Thomson L. 2020. Oil yield and composition of young Santalum yasi in Fiji and Tonga. Australian Forestry. 83(4):238–244. doi:10.1080/00049158.2020.1834278.
  • Dahlian E, Hartoyo H. 1998. Pembuatan minyak cendana dengan cara penyulingan uap langsung [Sandalwood oil production by direct steam distillation]. Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan. 15(6):385–394. Indonesian.
  • Darmokusumo S, Nugroho AA, Botu EU, Jehamat A, Benggu M. 2001. Upaya memperluas kawasan ekonomis cendana di Nusa Tenggara Timur [The effort for expanding sandalwood economic area in East Nusa Tenggara]. Berita Biologi LIPI. 5(5):509–514. Indonesian.
  • Deepa P, Yusuf A. 2016. Influence of different host associations on glutamine synthetase activity and ammonium transporter in Santalum album L. Physiology & Molecular Biology of Plants. 22(3): 331–340. doi:10.1007/s12298-016-0368-9.
  • Doddabasawa CB. 2021. Sandalwood plantations – points to ponder. Current Science. 120(7):1184–1193. doi:10.18520/cs/v120/i7/1184-1193.
  • Ehrhart Y, Fox JED. 1995. State of knowledge regarding cultivation of sandalwood. In: Gjerum L, Fox J, Ehrhart Y, editors. Proceedings of a regional workshop for Pacific Island countries sandalwood seed nursery and plantation technology; 1994 Aug 1–11; Nouméa, New Caledonia.
  • Gamage YMM, Subasinghe SMCUP, Hettiarachchi DS. 2010. Change of seed germination rate with storage time of Santalum album L. (Indian sandalwood) seeds. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Forestry and Environment Symposium; 2010 Nov 26–27. Nugegoda (Sri Lanka): University of Sri Jayewardenepura. doi:10.31357/fesympo.v15i0.209.
  • Hadiyan Y, Haryjanto L, Yuliah FA. 2016. Sandalwood (Santalum album) ex situ conservation on dry land of Gunung Kidul District: an adaptation and its development strategy. In: Hadriyanto D, Kastanya A, Rauf A, Susatya A, Yassir I, and Sabaruddin, editors. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pembelajaran Inisiatif dan Praktik Tata Kelola Sumber Daya Alam untuk Mitigasi dan Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim. Yogyakarta (Indonesia): Asosiasi Ahli Perubahan Iklim dan Kehutanan Indonesia (APIK Indonesia); p. 157–164.
  • Harbaugh DT, Baldwin BG. 2007. Phylogeny and biogeography of the sandalwoods (Santalum, Santalaceae): repeated dispersals throughout the Pacific. American Journal of Botany. 94(6):1028–1040. doi:10.3732/ajb.94.6.1028.
  • Harisetijono S, and Suriamihardja S. 1993. Sandalwood in East Nusa Tenggara. In: McKinnell FH, editor. ACIAR Proceedings No. 49 sandalwood in the Pacific Region. Proceedings of a symposium held on 2 June 1991 at the XVII Pacific Science Congress, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 39–43.
  • Hartono H. 2001. Pemasaran Produk Minyak Cendana (Santalum album L.): Realita, Tantagan Dan Harapan. (Sandalwood oil product marketing: reality, challenges and expectations). Berita Biologi LIPI. 5(5): 507–508. Indonesian.
  • Haryjanto L. 2009. Keragaman genetik cendana (Santalum album Linn) di Kebun Konservasi Ex-situ Watusipat, Gunungkidul dengan penanda isozim. [Genetic variation of sandalwood (Santalum album Linn) in ex situ conservation plot in Watusipat, Gunungkidul using isozyme markers]. Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan. 3(3):127–138. Indonesian. doi:10.20886/jpth.2009.3.3.127-138.
  • Haryjanto L. 2016. Dukungan Konservasi Sumberdaya Genetik Cendana (Santalum album Linn) Pada Program Pemuliaan Genetik) (Sandalwood conservation support for genetic breeding programs). Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Biologi Dan Saintek II. p. 258–263. Indonesian.
  • Haryjanto L, Widowati TB, Fiani A, Hadiyan Y. 2017. Variasi kandungan kimia minyak cendana (Santalum album Linn) dari berbagai provenans di Indonesia. (Variation of chemical compounds of sandalwood oil from various provenances in Indonesia). Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan. 11(1):77–85. doi:10.20886/jpth.2017.11.1.77-85.
  • Haryjanto L, Widowati TB, Sumardi HT, Yuliah HY. 2021. Chemical composition of sandalwood (S. album) oil grown in Watusipat, Yogyakarta. In: Page T, Meadows J, editors. Sandalwood regional forum – Proceedings of a regional meeting held in Port Vila, Vanuatu, 11–13 November 2019. ACIAR Proceedings 150. Canberra (Australia): Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. p. 196–204.
  • Hendrisman M, Sosiawan H, Irianto G. 2001. Kajian Evaluasi Lahan Untuk Pengembangan Cendana Di Nusa Tenggara Timur [Land evaluation study for sandalwood development in East Nusa Tenggara]. Berita Biologi. 5(5):599–603. Indonesian.
  • Herawan T, Na’iem M, Indrioko S, Indrianto A, Haryjanto L, Widowati TB. 2017. Effect of types and concentration of growth regulators on embryogenic callus induction of sandalwood clones (Santalum album Linn.). Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan. 11(2):151–158. doi:10.20886/jpth.2017.11.2.151-158.
  • Indrioko S, Ratnaningrum YWN. 2015. Habitat loss caused clonality, genetic diversity reduction and reproductive failure in Santalum album (Santalaceae), an endangered endemic species of Indonesia. Procedia Environmental Sciences. 28:657–664. doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.077.
  • Indrioko S, Ratnaningrum YWN. 2019. Genetic differentiation, mating systems and crossability of three floral variants of sandalwood (Santalum album L.) in Gunung Sewu Geopark, Indonesia. The annual scientific conference life science 2016. KnE Life Sciences. 4(11): 295–314. doi:10.18502/kls.v4i11.3876.
  • ISO3518. 2002. Oil of sandalwood (Santalum album L.). Geneva (Switzerland): International Organization for Standardization.
  • Jones CG. 2008. The best of Santalum album: essential oil composition, biosynthesis and genetic diversity in the Australian tropical sandalwood collection [ dissertation]. Perth (Australia): Faculty of Natural and Agricutural Science, The University of Western Australia.
  • Jones CG, Ghisalberti EL, Plummer JA, Barbour EL. 2006. Quantitative co-occurrence of sesquiterpenes; a tool for elucidating their biosynthesis in Indian sandalwood. Santalum Album Phytochemistry. 67(22): 2463–2468. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.09.013.
  • Kurniawan H, Pamungkas D. 2020. The limiting factors of land suitability for sandalwood (Santalum album) in Sumba Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity. 21(7):3364–3372. doi:10.13057/biodiv/d210761.
  • Kusuma HS, Mahfud M. 2016. Chemical composition of essential oil of Indonesia sandalwood extracted by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation. Advances of Science and Technology for Society: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Science and Technology; 2015 Nov 11–13. 1755(1):050001. doi:10.1063/1.4958484.
  • Lahiya AA. 1988. Kayu cendana. Terjemahan: Sandalhaout. Tectona IV. De Landbouw in de Indische Archipei. Sari Himpunan Peninggalan Tulisan Yang Berserakan. Bandung (Indonesia): Indonesian.
  • Lestari F. 2010. Flowering characteristic of three provenances and four land races of sandalwood. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman. 7(2): 59–65. doi:10.20886/jpht.2010.7.2.59-65.
  • Lestari F, Septiani Y, Lukas E. 2012. Mapping stakeholders role in developing sandalwood by exit strategy ITTO PD 459/07 Rev.1 (F): improving the enabling conditions for sustainable management of sandalwood forest resources in East Nusa Tenggara province. Jakarta (Indonesia): International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO).
  • Lismono R. 2020 Aug 11. Pengelolaan Cendana di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. (Sandalwood management in East Nusa Tenggara Province). Webinar BIOTIFOR 2020 series 2: challenge and opportunity in development of sandalwood for supporting social forestry and land rehabilitation. Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Indonesian.
  • Lu JK, Xu DP, Kang LH, He XH. 2015. Host-species-dependent physiological characteristics of hemiparasite Santalum album in association with N2-fixing and non-N2-fixing hosts native to southern China. Tree Physiology. 34(9):1006–1017. doi:10.1093/treephys/tpu073.
  • Nurochman D, Matangaran JR, Santosa G, Suharjito D, Sari RK. 2018. Autecology and morphological properties of sandalwood (Santalum album) in Pidie District, Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity. 19(2):406–412. doi:10.13057/biodiv/d190207.
  • Nurochman D, Matangaran JR, Santosa G, Suharjito D, Sari RK. 2019. Evaluation of genetic diversity of sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.) in Aceh, Indonesia, and it’s essential oil characteristics. Malaysian Journal of Science. 38(2):31–46. doi:10.22452/mjs.vol38no2.3.
  • Page T, Bush D, Clarke B, Thomson L. 2022. Pacific sandalwood-growers’ guide for sandalwood production in the Pacific region. ACIAR monograph No. 218. Canberra (Australia): Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research.
  • Page T, Tate H, Tungon J, Tabi M, Kamasteia P. 2012. Vanuatu sandalwood: growers’ guide for sandalwood production in Vanuatu. ACIAR monograph No. 151. Canberra (Australia): Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research.
  • Pello J. 2001. Aspek Hukum Cendana Dan Perilaku Masyarakat NTT. (Aspect of sandalwood law and community behaviour in ENT). Berita Biologi LIPI. 5(5):491–506. Indonesian. https://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/beritabiologi/article/view/1456.
  • Polaiah A, Partvee RD, Manjesh GN, Thondaiman V, Shivakumara KT. 2020. Effect of presowing seed treatments on seed germination and seedling growth of sandalwood (Santalum album L.). International Journal of Chemical Studies. 8(4):1541–1545. doi:10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i4o.9830.
  • Prastyo B, Indrioko S, Faridah E, Ratnaningrum YWN. 2022. Grafting compatibility between variants of sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.) in Gunungkidul, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 977(1). doi:10.1088/1755-1315/977/1/012032.
  • Priyanto SD, Setyo T, Pardiyan P. 1987. Cendana di Wanagama I Gunungkidul. (Sandalwood in Wanagama I Gunungkidul). Proceedings of the Sandalwood discussion. Yogyakarta (Indonesia): Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Indonesian.
  • Purwiastuti R, Indrioko S, Faridah E. 2016. Keragaman genetik cendana pada tegakan penghasil benih dan tegakan rehabilitasi di Nusa Tenggara timur berdasarkan penanda isozim (Sandalwood genetic diversity at seed stand and rehabilitation stand in East Nusa Tenggara based isozyme marker). Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan. 10(1):23–30. Indonesian. doi:10.20886/jpth.2016.10.1.23-30.
  • Putri AI, Herawan T. 2008. Pengaruh gibberellin (GA4) pada perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan tinggi semai cendana. (Effect gibberellin (GA4) in germination and height growth of sandalwood). Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan. 2(2):63–69. Indonesian. doi:10.22146/jik.821.
  • Putri AI, Herawan T. 2018. Rooting regeneration of in vitro and ex vitro plantlets of cendana (Santalum album Linn) tissue culture. (Regenerasi perakaran planlet in vitro dan ex vitro pada kultur jaringan cendana (Santalum album Linn)). Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan. 12(2): 143–150. doi:10.20886/jpth.2018.12.2.143-150.
  • Radomiljac AM, McComb JA, McGrath JF. 1999. Intermediate host influences on the root hemi-parasite Santalum album L. biomass partitioning. Forest Ecology and Management. 113(2–3):143–153. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00421-6.
  • Rahardjo SSA, Awang SA, Pramusinto A. 2013. Sejarah dominasi negara dalam pengelolaan cendana di Nusa Tenggara Timur (History of state domination on sandalwood management in East Nusa Tenggara). Jurnal Manusia Dan Lingkungan. 20(1):1–10. Indonesian.
  • Ratnaningrum YWN, Faridah E, Indrioko S, Syahbudin A. 2016. Flowering and seed production of Sandalwood (Santalum album; Santalaceae) along environmental gradients in Gunung Sewu Geopark, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience. 8(2): 180–191. doi:10.13057/nusbiosci/n080209.
  • Ratnaningrum YWN, Indrioko S. 2014. Variation on genotypes and flowering characters affecting pollination mechanisms of sandalwood (Santalum album Linn., Santalaceae) planted on ex-situ gene conservation in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Eurasian Journal of Forest Research. 17(1):19–34. http://hdl.handle.net/2115/56853.
  • Ratnaningrum YWN, Indrioko S. 2015. Response of flowering and seed production of sandalwood (Santalum album Linn., Santalaceae) to climate changes. Procedia Environmental Sciences. 28(SustaiN 2014): 665–675. doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.078.
  • Ratnaningrum YWN, Indrioko S, Faridah E, Syahbudin A. 2015. The effects of population size on genetic parameters and mating system of sandalwood in Gunung Sewu, Indonesia. Journal of Biotechnology. 20(2): 182–201. doi:10.22146/ijbiotech.24347.
  • Ratnaningrum YWN, Indrioko S, Faridah E, Syahbudin A. 2017. Variasi Karakter Pembungaan Antar Varian dan Ras Lahan Cendana Sepanjang Gradien Geografis di Gunung Sewu (The flowering characters variation among floral variants and landraces along geographical gradients in Gunung Sewu). Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan. 11(2):173–195. Indonesian. https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt.
  • Ratnaningrum YWN, Prehaten D. 2005. Pollination mechanism and breeding system of Santalum album (Santalaceae), the endemic species of eastern parts of Indonesia that became landrace of Gunungkidul, central java. Proceedings on the international seminar on synergistic approach to appropriate forestry technology for sustaining rainforest ecosystems. Sarawak (Malaysia) Universiti Putra Malaysia, Sarawak (Malaysia).
  • Rimbawanto A, Haryjanto L. 2005. Sandalwood (Santalum album L) resources in Indonesia. In: Thomson L, Bulai S, Wilikibau B, editors. Proceedings of the regional workshop on sandalwood research, development and extension in the Pacific Islands and Asia; 2005 Nov 28; Dec 1; Nadi, Fiji. p. 43–49.
  • Rimbawanto A, Widyatmoko AYPBC, Sulistyowati P. 2006. Distribusi keragaman genetik populasi Santalum album L berdasarkan penanda RAPD [Distribution of genetic diversity in the Santalum album L population based on RAPD markers]. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman. 3(3):175–181. Indonesian. doi:10.20886/jpht.2006.3.3.175-181.
  • Rimbawanto AS, Haryjanto L. 2021. National sandalwood report for Indonesia. In: Page T, Meadows J, editors. Sandalwood regional forum – proceedings of a regional meeting held in Port Vila, Vanuatu; 2019 Nov 11–13. ACIAR Proceedings 150. Canberra (Australia): Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research; p. 28–38.
  • Riswan S. 2001. Kajian botani, ekologi dan penyebaran pohon cendana (Santalum album L.) [Botanical, ecological and dispersal studies of sandalwood (Santalum album L.)]. Berita Biologi LIPI. 5(5):571–574. Indonesian. doi:10.14203/beritabiologi.v5i5.1464.
  • Rocha D, Ashokan PK, Santhoshkumar AV, Anoop EV, Sureshkumar P. 2014. Influence of host plant on the physiological attributes of field-grown sandal tree (Santalum album). Journal of Tropical Forest Science. 26(2):166–172.
  • Sanjaya BM, Rathore TS, Rai VR. 2006. Micropropagation of an endangered Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L.). Journal Forest Research. 11(3):203–209. doi:10.1007/s10310-006-0207-x.
  • Septiani Y, Lukas E, Andriadi D, Martha E, Mocka JC. 2010. Technical report inventory of sandalwood trees at Timor Tengah Selatan district − ITTO PD 459/07 Rev.1 (F). Jakarta (Indonesia): International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO).
  • Seran YN, Sudarto S, Hakim L, Arisoesilaningsih E. 2018. Sandalwood (Santalum album) growth and farming success strengthen its natural conservation in the Timor Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity. 19(4):1586–1592. doi:10.13057/biodiv/d190452.
  • Shankaranarayana K, Ravikumar G, Rajeevalochan A, Theagrajan K, Rangaswamy C. 1998. Content and composition of oil from the central and transition zones of the sandalwood disc. In: Sandal and its products. Proceedings of an International Seminar; 1997 Dec 18–19; Bangalore, India. Canberra (Australia): Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. p. 89–92.
  • Sindhu Veerendra HC, Anantha Padmanabha HS. 1996. The breeding system in sandal (Santalum album L.). Silvae Genetica. 45(4):188–190.
  • Srikantaprasad D, Gowda APM, Pushpa TN, Thimmegowda MN, Umesha K, Ravikumar RL, Prasanna KT. 2022. Identification of suitable host for sandalwood cultivation in northern dry zone of Karnataka. Industrial Crops and Products. 182:114874. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114874.
  • Subasinghe U, Gamage M, Hettiarachchi DS. 2013. Essential oil content and composition of Indian sandalwood (Santalum album) in Sri Lanka. Journal of Forestry Research. 24(1):127–130. doi:10.1007/s11676-013-0331-3.
  • Sumanto SE, Sutrisno E, Kurniawan H. 2011. Analisis Kebijakan Dan Strategi Litbang Kehutanan Dalam Pengembangan Cendana Di Nusa Tenggara Timur. (Policy analysis and R&D strategy on sandalwood development in East Nusa Tenggara). Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan. 8(3):189–209. Indonesian. doi:10.20886/jakk.2011.8.3.189-209.
  • Surata IK. 1993. Pengaruh jenis inang terhadap pertumbuhan semai cendana (Santalum album L.). (Effect of host species on growth of sandalwood (Santalum album L.) seedling). Santalum. 9:1–9. Indonesian.
  • Surata IK. 2006. Teknik Budidaya Cendana. (Sandalwood cultivation technique). In: Aisuli Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan Bali dan Nusa Tenggara, no. 21. Jakarta (Indonesia): Forestry Research and Development Agency; p. 1–27. Forestry Research and Development Agency.
  • Suseno OH. 2001. Prospek Pengembangan Cendana di Nusa Tenggara Timur. (Sandalwood prospect development in East Nusa Tenggara). Berita Biologi LIPI. 5(5):479–486. Indonesian. https://e-jurnal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/berita_biologi/article/view/1454.
  • Teixeira JA, Kher MM, Soner D, Page T, Zhang X, Guohua MN, Page T. 2016. Sandalwood: basic biology, tissue culture, and genetic transformation. Planta. 243(4):847–887. doi:10.1007/s00425-015-2452-8.
  • Thomson LAJ. 2006. Santalum austrocaledonicum and S. yasi (sandalwood). ver. 2.1. In: Elevitch CR, editor. Species profiles for Pacific Island agroforestry. Hōlualoa (Hawai‘i): Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR); p. 1–12.
  • Thomson LAJ. 2020. Looking ahead – global sandalwood production and markets in 2040, and implications for Pacific Island producers. Australian Forestry. 83(4):245–254. doi:10.1080/00049158.2020.1841441.
  • Thomson L, Rimbawanto A, Doran J. 2018. Santalum album. In: Thomson L, Doran J, Clarke B, editors. Trees for life in Oceania: conservation and utilisation of genetic diversity. Canberra (Australia): Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research; p. 196–199
  • Tripathi MK, Bele D, Tiwari G, Patel RP, Ahuja A. 2017. High frequency in vitro regeneration of sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.). Medicinal Plants – International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries. 9(3):154–166. doi:10.5958/0975-6892.2017.00024.7.
  • Viswanath S, Dhanya B, Rathore TS. 2009. Domestication of sandal (Santalum album L.) in India: constraints and prospects. Asia Pacific Agroforestry News. 34:9–12.
  • Waluyo TK, Gusti EP. 2013. Rendemen dan kadar santalol minyak cendana hasil ekstraksi dengan berbagai pelarut organik. (Yield and santalol content of sandalwood extracted with various organic solvent). In: Suwinarti W, Kusuma IW, Erwin, Ismail, editors. Prosiding seminar nasional Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia (Mapeki) XVI; 2013 Nov 6; Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur. Bogor (Indonesia): Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia; p. 204–208. Indonesian.
  • Wawo AH. 2008. Study on seed germination and seedling growth models of sandalwood (Santalum album L.) of several mother seed trees in Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity. 9(2):117122. doi:10.13057/biodiv/d090209.
  • Wind EJ, Risseuw P. 1950. Sandelhout de landbouw in de Indische Archipel. In: Tectona IV (terjemahan). Bandang (Indonesia): Indonesian; p. 1–38.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.