State Sovereignty and the Protection of Human Rights. How Military Humanitarian Intervention is Supported by Citizens Around the World

References

• Agerberg, Mattias, and Anne-Kathrin Kreft. 2023. “Sexual Violence, Gendered Protection and Support for Intervention.” Journal of Peace Research 60(5):853–67. doi: 10.1177/00223433221092960.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bazirake, Joseph Besigye, and Paul Bukuluki. 2015. “A Critical Reflection on the Conceptual and Practical Limitations of the Responsibility to Protect.” International Journal of Human Rights 19(8):1017–28. doi: 10.1080/13642987.2015.1082844.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, Bastian. 2019. Colonial Dates Dataset (COLDAT). Cambridge: Harvard Dataverse.
   Google Scholar
• Beckfield, Jason. 2010. “The Social Structure of the World Polity.” American Journal of Sociology 115(4):1018–68. doi: 10.1086/649577.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berinsky, Adam J. 2009. Time of War: Understanding American Public Opinion from World War II to Iraq. 1st ed. Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bizumic, Boris, Rune Stubager, Scott Mellon, Nicolas van der Linden, Ravi Iyer, and Benjamin M. Jones. 2013. “On the (In)Compatibility of Attitudes Toward Peace and War.” Political Psychology 34(5):673–93. doi: 10.1111/pops.12032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumberg, Herbert H., Ruth Zeligman, Liat Appel, and Shira Tibon-Czopp. 2017. “Personality Dimensions and Attitudes towards Peace and War.” Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 9(1):13–23. doi: 10.1108/JACPR-05-2016-0231.
   Google Scholar
• Boli, John, and George M. Thomas. 1999. Constructing World Culture: International Nongovernmental Organizations Since 1875: International Nongovernmental Organisations Since 1875. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Boniface, Pascal. 1997. “The Changing Attitude towards Military Intervention.” International Spectator 32(2):53–63. doi: 10.1080/03932729708456776.
   Google Scholar
• Borg, Stefan. 2016. “The Arab Uprisings, the Liberal Civilizing Narrative and the Problem of Orientalism.” Middle East Critique 25(3):211–27. doi: 10.1080/19436149.2016.1163087.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boussios, Emanuel, and Stephen Cole. 2012. “An Analysis of Under What Conditions Americans Support the Use of Military Force Abroad in Terrorist and Humanitarian Situations.” Journal of Applied Security Research 7(4):417–38. doi: 10.1080/19361610.2012.710140.
   Google Scholar
• Boyle, Elizabeth Heger, Barbara J. McMorris, and Mayra Gómez. 2002. “Local Conformity to International Norms: The Case of Female Genital Cutting.” International Sociology 17(1):5–33. doi: 10.1177/0268580902017001001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle, Elizabeth Heger, and Melissa Thompson. 2001. “National Politics and Resort to the European Commission on Human Rights.” Law & Society Review 35(2):321–44. doi: 10.2307/3185405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bromley, Patricia, and Julia Lerch. 2018. Human Rights as Cultural Globalisation: The Rise of Human Rights in Textbooks, 1890–2013. Pp. 345–56 in The Palgrave Handbook of Textbook Studies, edited by Fuchs, Eckhardt and Bock, Annekatrin. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US.
   Google Scholar
• Cavarra, Mauro, Virginia Canegallo, Erika Santoddì, Erika Broccoli, and Rosa Angela Fabio. 2021. “Peace and Personality: The Relationship between the Five-Factor Model’s Personality Traits and the Peace Attitude Scale.” Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 27(3):508–11. doi: 10.1037/pac0000484.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clements, Ben. 2013. “Public Opinion and Military Intervention: Afghanistan, Iraq and Libya.” Political Quarterly 84(1):119–31. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-923X.2013.02427.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole, Wade M. 2017. “World Polity or World Society? Delineating the Statist and Societal Dimensions of the Global Institutional System.” International Sociology 32(1):86–104. doi: 10.1177/0268580916675526.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coppedge, Michael, Gerring John, Knutsen Carl Henrik, Staffan I. Lindberg, Teorell Jan, Alizada Nazifa, Altman David, Bernhard Michael, Cornell Agnes, M. Steven Fish, et al. 2021. V-Dem Dataset V11.1. doi: 10.23696/vdemds21.
   Google Scholar
• Coticchia, Fabrizio. 2015. “Effective Strategic Narratives? Italian Public Opinion and Military Operations in Iraq, Libya, and Lebanon.” Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana Di Scienza Politica 45(1):53–78. doi: 10.1017/ipo.2015.1.
   Google Scholar
• Crowson, H. Michael. 2004. “Human Rights Attitudes: Dimensionality and Psychological Correlates.” Ethics & Behavior 14(3):235–53. doi: 10.1207/s15327019eb1403_2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowson, H. Michael. 2009. “Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation.” Social Psychology 40(2):93–103. doi: 10.1027/1864-9335.40.2.93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalton, Russell J. 1984. “Cognitive Mobilization and Partisan Dealignment in Advanced Industrial Democracies.” Journal of Politics 46(1):264–84. doi: 10.2307/2130444.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drewski, Daniel, and Jürgen Gerhards. 2020. The Liberal Border Script and Its Contestations: An Attempt of Definition and Systematization. SCRIPTS Working Paper Series, vol. 4. Berlin: Cluster of Excellence “Contestations of the Liberal Script” (SCRIPTS).
   Google Scholar
• Dupuis, Erin, and Ellen Cohn. 2011. “A New Scale to Measure War Attitudes: Construction and Predictors.” Journal of Psychological Arts & Sciences 1:6–15.
   Google Scholar
• Eichenberg, Richard C. 2005. “Victory Has Many Friends: U.S. Public Opinion and the Use of Military Forde, 1981-2005.” International Security 30(1):140–77. doi: 10.1162/0162288054894616.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elff, Martin, Jan Paul Heisig, Merlin Schaeffer, and Susumu Shikano. 2021. “Multilevel Analysis with Few Clusters: Improving Likelihood-Based Methods to Provide Unbiased Estimates and Accurate Inference.” British Journal of Political Science 51(1):412–26. doi: 10.1017/S0007123419000097.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott, Michael A. 2007. “Human Rights and the Triumph of the Individual in World Culture.” Cultural Sociology 1(3):343–63. doi: 10.1177/1749975507082052.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fetchenhauer, Detlef, and Hans-Werner Bierhoff. 2004. “Attitudes Toward a Military Enforcement of Human Rights.” Social Justice Research 17(1):75–92. doi: 10.1023/B:SORE.0000018093.23790.0d.
   Google Scholar
• Finnemore, Martha, and Kathryn Sikkink. 1998. “International Norm Dynamics and Political Change.” International Organization 52(4):887–917. doi: 10.1162/002081898550789.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank, David John, Ann Hironaka, and Evan Schoter. 2000. “The Nation-State and the Natural Environment over the Twentieth Century.” American Sociological Review 65(1):96–116. doi: 10.2307/2657291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank, David John, and Elizabeth H. McEneaney. 1999. “The Individualization of Society and the Liberalization of State Policies on Same-Sex Sexual Relations, 1984-1995.” Social Forces 77(3):911–43. doi: 10.2307/3005966.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelman, Andrew. 2008. “Scaling Regression Inputs by Dividing by Two Standard Deviations.” Statistics in Medicine 27(15):2865–73. doi: 10.1002/sim.3107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelpi, Christopher, and Joseph M. Grieco. 2015. “Competency Costs in Foreign Affairs: Presidential Performance in International Conflicts and Domestic Legislative Success, 1953–2001.” American Journal of Political Science 59(2):440–56. doi: 10.1111/ajps.12169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerhards, Jürgen, Mike S. Schäfer, and Sylvia Kämpfer. 2009. “Gender Equality in the European Union: The EU Script and Its Support by European Citizens.” Sociology 43(3):515–34. doi: 10.1177/0038038509103206.
   Google Scholar
• Giebler, H., L. Antoine, R. Ollroge, J. Gerhards, M. Zürn, J. Giesecke, and M. Humphreys. (2023a). Public Attitudes towards the Liberal Script (PALS) Survey: Dataset vol. 1. Berlin: Cluster of Excellence 2055 “Contestations of the Liberal Script (SCRIPTS)”. http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-41265.
   Google Scholar
• Giebler, H., L. Antoine, R. Ollroge, J. Gerhards, M. Zürn, J. Giesecke, and M. Humphreys. (2023b). Public Attitudes towards the Liberal Script (PALS) Survey. Conceptual Framework, Implementation, and Data. SCRIPTS Working Paper Series. Berlin: Cluster of Excellence 2055 “Contestations of the Liberal Script (SCRIPTS)”. https://www.scriptsberlin. eu/publications/working-paper-series/Working-Paper-33-2023/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• Glanville, Luke. 2016. “Does R2P Matter? Interpreting the Impact of a Norm.” Cooperation and Conflict 51(2):184–99. doi: 10.1177/0010836715612850.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray, Christine D. 2018. International Law and the Use of Force. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Greszki, Robert, Meyer Marco, and Harald Schoen. 2015. “Exploring the Effects of Removing “Too Fast” Responses and Respondents from Web Surveys.” Public Opinion Quarterly 79(2):471–503. doi: 10.1093/poq/nfu058.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grillo, Michael C., and Juris Pupcenoks. 2017. “Let’s Intervene! But Only If They’re Like Us: The Effects of Group Dynamics and Emotion on the Willingness to Support Humanitarian Intervention.” International Interactions 43(2):349–74. doi: 10.1080/03050629.2016.1185420.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gromes, Thorsten, and Matthias Dembinski. 2019. “Practices and Outcomes of Humanitarian Military Interventions: A New Data Set.” International Interactions 45(6):1032–48. doi: 10.1080/03050629.2019.1638374.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hildebrandt, Timothy, Courtney Hillebrecht, Peter M. Holm, and Jon Pevehouse. 2013. “The Domestic Politics of Humanitarian Intervention: Public Opinion, Partisanship, and Ideology.” Foreign Policy Analysis 9(3):243–66. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-8594.2012.00189.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hox, Joop J., Moerbeek Mirjam, and Rens Van De Schoot. 2017. Multilevel Analysis: Techniques and Applications. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Independent International Commission on Kosovo. 2000. Kosovo Report: Conflict. International Response. Lessons Learned. Illustrated Edition. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, U.S.A.
   Google Scholar
• Inglehart, Ronald. 1971. “The Silent Revolution in Europe: Intergenerational Change in Post-Industrial Societies.” American Political Science Review 65(4):991–1017. doi: 10.2307/1953494.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inglehart, Ronald. 1990. Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Inglehart, Ronald. 1997. Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Inglehart, Ronald, and Christian Welzel. 2005. Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence. Cambridge, UK ; New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jentleson, Bruce W., and Rebecca L. Britton. 1998. “Still Pretty Prudent: Post-Cold War American Public Opinion on the Use of Military Force.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 42(4):395–417. doi: 10.1177/0022002798042004001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kern, Thomas. 2010. “Translating Global Values into National Contexts: The Rise of Environmentalism in South Korea.” International Sociology 25(6):869–96. doi: 10.1177/0268580910378139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Jessica. 2020. “The Diffusion of International Women’s Rights Norms to Individual Attitudes. The Differential Roles of World Polity and World Society.” Sociology of Development 6(4):459–92. doi: 10.1525/sod.2020.6.4.459.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiratli, Osman Sabri. 2022. “Together or Not? Dynamics of Public Attitudes on UN and NATO.” Political Studies 70(2):259–80. doi: 10.1177/0032321720956326.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiratli, Osman Sabri. 2023. “Policy Objective of Military Intervention and Public Attitudes: A Conjoint Experiment from US and Turkey.” Political Behavior :1–23. doi: 10.1007/s11109-023-09871-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenig, Matthias. 2008. “Institutional Change in the World Polity: International Human Rights and the Construction of Collective Identities.” International Sociology 23(1):95–114. doi: 10.1177/0268580907084387.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreps, Sarah, and Sarah Maxey. 2018. “Mechanisms of Morality: Sources of Support for Humanitarian Intervention.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 62(8):1814–42. doi: 10.1177/0022002717704890.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe, Vaughan, and Antonios Tzanakopoulos. 2014. Humanitarian Intervention. In Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, edited by Wolfrum, Rüdiger. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mader, Matthias. 2017. “Citizens’ Perceptions of Policy Objectives and Support for Military Action: Looking for Prudence in Germany.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 61(6):1290–314. doi: 10.1177/0022002715603099.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahoney, James. 2004. “Comparative-Historical Methodology.” Annual Review of Sociology 30(1):81–101. doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.30.012703.110507.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarland, Sam, and Melissa Mathews. 2005. “Who Cares about Human Rights?” Political Psychology 26(3):365–85. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2005.00422.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mejia, Steven Andrew. 2020. “Global Environmentalism and the World-System: A Cross-National Analysis of Air Pollution.” Sociological Perspectives 63(2):276–91. doi: 10.1177/0731121419857970.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, John W. 2010. “World Society, Institutional Theories, and the Actor.” Annual Review of Sociology 36(1):1–20. doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102506.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, John W., John Boli, George M. Thomas, and Francisco O. Ramirez. 1997. “World Society and the Nation‐State.” American Journal of Sociology 103(1):144–81. doi: 10.1086/231174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, John W., and Ronald L. Jepperson. 2000. “The “Actors” of Modern Society: The Cultural Construction of Social Agency.” Sociological Theory 18(1):100–20. doi: 10.1111/0735-2751.00090.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mooney, Annabelle. 2014. Human Rights and the Body: Hidden in Plain Sight. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Oppenheimer, Daniel M., Meyvis Tom, and Nicolas Davidenko. 2009. “Instructional Manipulation Checks: Detecting Satisficing to Increase Statistical Power.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45(4):867–72. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.03.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Østby, Gudrun, Henrik Urdal, and Kendra Dupuy. 2019. “Does Education Lead to Pacification? A Systematic Review of Statistical Studies on Education and Political Violence.” Review of Educational Research 89(1):46–92. doi: 10.3102/0034654318800236.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandian, Roshan K. 2019. “World Society Integration and Gender Attitudes in Cross-National Context.” Social Forces 97(3):1095–126. doi: 10.1093/sf/soy076.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perla, Héctor. 2011. “Explaining Public Support for the Use of Military Force: The Impact of Reference Point Framing and Prospective Decision Making.” International Organization 65(1):139–67. doi: 10.1017/S0020818310000330.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierotti, Rachael S. 2013. “Increasing Rejection of Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence of Global Cultural Diffusion.” American Sociological Review 78(2):240–65. doi: 10.1177/0003122413480363.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinker, Steven. 2012. The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. Reprint Edition. New York, NY Toronto, Ontario London: Penguin Books.
   Google Scholar
• Rattan, Jyoti. 2019. “Changing Dimensions of Intervention Under International Law: A Critical Analysis.” SAGE Open 9(2):215824401984091. doi: 10.1177/2158244019840911.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiter, Dan, and Allan C. Stam. 2002. Democracies at War. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schofer, Evan, and Ann Hironaka. 2005. “The Effects of World Society on Environmental Protection Outcomes.” Social Forces 84(1):25–47. doi: 10.1353/sof.2005.0127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soysal, Yasemin Nuhoğlu. 1994. Limits of Citizenship. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Spini, Dario, and Willem Doise. 1998. “Organizing Principles of Involvement in Human Rights and Their Social Anchoring in Value Priorities.” European Journal of Social Psychology 28(4):603–22. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199807/08)28:4<603::AID-EJSP884>3.0.CO;2-P.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stegmueller, Daniel. 2013. “How Many Countries for Multilevel Modeling? A Comparison of Frequentist and Bayesian Approaches.” American Journal of Political Science 57(3):748–61. doi: 10.1111/ajps.12001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenner, Paul. 2011. “Subjective Dimensions of Human Rights: What Do Ordinary People Understand by ‘Human Rights’?” International Journal of Human Rights 15(8):1215–33. doi: 10.1080/13642987.2010.511997.
   Google Scholar
• Swami, Viren, Ingo W. Nader, Jakob Pietschnig, Stefan Stieger, Ulrich S. Tran, and Martin Voracek. 2012. “Personality and Individual Difference Correlates of Attitudes toward Human Rights and Civil Liberties.” Personality and Individual Differences 53(4):443–7. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.04.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomz, Michael, Jessica L. P. Weeks, and Keren Yarhi-Milo. 2020. “Public Opinion and Decisions About Military Force in Democracies.” International Organization 74(1):119–43. doi: 10.1017/S0020818319000341.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Union of International Associations. 2018. Yearbook of International Organizations 2018-2019. Leiden: Brill Academic Pub.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 1945. United Nations Charter. https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 1948. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Development Programme. 2021. Human Development Index (HDI). https://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi.
   Google Scholar
• Wallace, Geoffrey P. R. 2019. “Supplying Protection: The United Nations and Public Support for Humanitarian Intervention.” Conflict Management and Peace Science 36(3):248–69. doi: 10.1177/0738894217697458.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walter, Stefanie. 2021. “The Backlash Against Globalization.” Annual Review of Political Science 24(1):421–42. doi: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-041719-102405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wimmer, Andreas. 2012. Waves of War: Nationalism, State Formation, and Ethnic Exclusion in the Modern World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wotipka, Christine Min., and Kiyoteru Tsutsui. 2008. “Global Human Rights and State Sovereignty: State Ratification of International Human Rights Treaties, 1965-2001.” Sociological Forum 23(4):724–54. doi: 10.1111/j.1573-7861.2008.00092.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar