References
JOURNALS
- Adams-Prassl, A., Boneva, T., Golin, M., & Rauh, C. (2020) Inequality in the impact of the coronavirus shock: Evidence from real-time surveys. Journal of Public Economics, 189, 104245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104245
- Business Human Rights.org. (2021). Spain: Govt. adopts legislation obliging gig delivery firms to recognise riders as employees. https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/spain-govt-commits-to-legislation-recognising-gig-delivery-workers-as-employees/
- Defossez, D. (2022). The employment status of food delivery riders in Europe and the UK: Self-employed or worker? Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law, 29(1), 25–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/1023263X211051833
- De Stefano, V., Durri, I., Stylogiannis, C., & Wouters, M. (2021). Platform work and the employment relationship. ILO Working Paper 27. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---travail/documents/publication/wcms_777866.pdf
- Hießl, C., (2022 September 5) Case law on the classification of platform workers: Cross-European comparative analysis and tentative conclusions. Comparative Labour Law & Policy Journal, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3839603
- International Labour Office. (2022). https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---travail/documents/publication/wcms_864222.pdf
- Katsabian, T., & Davidov, G., (2022) Flexibility, choice and labour law: The challenge of on-demand platforms. The University of Toronto Law Journal, Forthcoming, https://ssrn.com/abstract=4020242
- McCulloch, A.(2021). Spain to be first in EU to give gig economy workers employee rights. Personneltoday.com. https://www.personneltoday.com/hr/spain-to-be-first-in-eu-to-give-gig-economy-workers-employee-rights
- Reis, A., & Chand, V. (2020). Uber Drivers: Employees or Independent Contractors? Kluwertaxblog.com. https://kluwertaxblog.com/2020/04/03/uber-drivers-employees-or-independent-contractors/
WEB
- Bates, O., Lord, C., Alter, H., Friday, A., & Kirman, B. (2021). Lessons from one future of work: Opportunities to flip the gig economy. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 20(4), 26–34. https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/179271/
- Cohen, M. C., Dahan, S., Khern-am-nuai, W., Hajime Shimao & Jonathan Touboul. (2023) The use of AI in legal systems: Determining independent contractor vs. employee status. Artificial Intelligence and Law. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-023-09353-y
- Deliver with Deliveroo. Deliveroo.co.uk. https://riders.deliveroo.co.uk/en/apply;Joining taskrabbit.Taskrabbit.com. https://www.taskrabbit.com/become-a-tasker
- France. (2022). Country report. https://www.etuc.org/sites/default/files/page/file/2023-05/ETUC_country%20report_France-EN.pdf
- Johnston, H., & Land-Kazlauskas, C., (2019) Organizing On-Demand: Representation, Voice, and Collective Bargaining in the Gig Economy Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 94. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—ed_protect/—protrav/–travail/documents/publication/wcms_624286.pdf
- Jones, C., (2020) Instacart to provide masks, thermometers for employees. www.usatoday.com. https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2020/04/02/covid-19-instacart-latest-offer-workers-masks-fever-checks/5116438002/
- Koutsimpogiorgos, N., van Slageren J, Herrmann A. M., & Frenken K. (2020) Conceptualizing the Gig Economy and Its Regulatory Problems, 12(4), 525–545. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.237
- Lane, M., (2020), “Regulating platform work in the digital age,” Going Digital Toolkit Policy Note, (1). https://goingdigital.oecd.org/toolkitnotes/regulating-platform-work-in-thedigital-age.pdf.
- Lew, I., Chatterjee D., & Torres E. (2021). The gig is up. An overview of New York City’s app-based gig workforce during COVID-19. https://www.cssny.org/publications/entry/the-gig-is-up
- McGeehan, P., (2021). They risked their lives during Covid. They still do not earn minimum wage. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/15/nyregion/nyc-gig-workers-pay.html
- OECD. (2018), Good jobs for all in a changing world of work: The OECD Jobs Strategy, OECD Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264308817-en.
- Ravenelle, A. J., Kowalski, K. C., & Janko, E. (2021). The side hustle safety net: Precarious workers and gig work during COVID-19Sociological Perspectives, 64(5), 898–919. https://doi.org/10.1177/07311214211005489
- Requirements.uber.com/za/en. https://www.uber.com/za/en/drive/requirements/?uclick_id=1dc3c752-907d-4d47-950a-b154789036f9;
- Reynolds, J., & Kincaid, R. (2023). Gig work and the pandemic: Looking for good pay from bad jobs during the COVID-19 crisis. Work and Occupations, 50(1), 60–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884221128511
- Rhinehart, L., McNicholas, C., Poydock, M., & Mangundayao, I. (2016) Misclassification, the ABC test, and employee status: The California experience and its relevance to current policy debates. Report found at https://www.epi.org/publication/misclassification-the-abc-test-and-employee-status-the-california-experience-and-its-relevance-to-current-policy-debates/
- Sign up to deliver. postmates.com
- Work for a brighter future – Global commission on the future of work international labour office – Geneva: ILO. (2019). https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—dgreports/—cabinet/documents/publication/wcms_662410.pdf
- Working time and work-life balance around the world. (2022). International Labour Office. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—ed_protect/—protrav/—travail/documents/publication/wcms_864222.pdf
CASE LAW
- Canadian Union of Postal Workers v Foodora Inc. d.b.a. Foodora CanLII 16750 (ON LRB)
- Roofoods Ltd. v. Riders and Couriers Union (UK)
- Uber France SAS v. Guillaume Rousseau (France)
- Uber France SAS v. Mr. X Ruling n° 374 FP-P+B+R+I, Appeal no. S 19-13.316.
- UK Employment Tribunals, Mr. Y Aslam, Mr. J Farrar & Others v. Uber BV, Uber London Ltd and Uber Britannia Ltd. Case n. 2202550/2015
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