135
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research or Treatment Papers

The Potential of Clay Poultices as Sorbents for Medieval Plaster: A Comparative Study Using the Pressure Plate Method and Dye

ORCID Icon
Received 22 May 2023, Accepted 27 Feb 2024, Published online: 09 Mar 2024

References

  • Auras, M. 2008. “Poultices and Mortars for Salt Contaminated Masonry and Stone Objects.” In Salt Weathering of Buildings and Stone Sculptures, edited by L. Ottosen, I. Rörig–Dalgaard, P. Klenz Larsen, I. Brajer, P. Bøllingtoft, M. Marciniak, and M. Svane, 197–217. The National Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark: Technical University of Denmark.
  • Bosch-Roig, P., G. Lustrato, E. Zanardini, and G. Ranalli. 2015. “Biocleaning of Cultural Heritage Stone Surfaces and Frescoes: Which Delivery System Can Be the Most Appropriate?” Annals of Microbiology 65 (3): 1227–1241.
  • Bourgès, A., and V. Vergès-Belmin. 2008a. “Comparison and Optimization of Five Desalination Systems on the Inner Walls of Saint Philibert Church in Dijon, France.” In Salt Weathering on Buildings and Stone Sculptures, 29–40. Copenhagen, Denmark: The National Museum.
  • Bourgès, A., and V. Vergès-Belmin. 2008b. “A New Methodology to Determine Rheologic Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Desalination Poultices.” Proceedings of the 11th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, edited by J. W. Łukaszewicz and Piotr Niemcewicz, 15–20 September 2008, Torun, Poland, 581–588.
  • Carmeliet, J., and S. Roels. 2002. “Determination of the Moisture Capacity of Porous Building Materials.” Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science 25 (3): 209–237. doi:10.1106/109719602022835.
  • The Courtauld Institute of Art and Faculty of Restoration and Art History of the Tbilisi ap. 2013. “Vardzia, Church of the Dormition, Conservation of the Wall Paintings. Project Data Phase 2.” The National Agency for Cultural Heritage Preservation of Georgia.
  • Desbois, G., J. L. Urai, and P. A. Kukla. 2009. “Morphology of the Pore Space in Claystones – Evidence from BIB/FIB ion Beam Sectioning and Cryo-SEM Observations.” eEarth Discussions 4: 1–19.
  • Diamond, S. 2000. “Mercury Porosimetry: An Inappropriate Method for the Measurement of Pore Size Distributions in Cement-Based Materials.” Cement and Concrete Research 30 (10): 1517–1525. doi:10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00370-7.
  • Gee, G., A. Ward, Z. Zhang, G. Campbell, and J. Mathison. 2002. “The Influence of Hydraulic Non-Equilibrium on Pressure Plate Data.” Vadose Zone Journal 1 (August), doi:10.2113/1.1.172.
  • Hawcroft, D. M. 1997. Electrophoresis: The Basics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Holzer, L., Ph Gasser, A. Kaech, M. Wegmann, A. Zingg, R. Wepf, and B. Muench. 2007. “Cryo-FIB-Nanotomography for Quantitative Analysis of Particle Structures in Cement Suspensions.” Journal of Microscopy 227: 216–228.
  • Klenz Larsen, P. 1999. Desalination of Painted Brick Vaults. PhD Thesis. Department of Structural Engineering and Materials, Technical University of Denmark. Lyngby.
  • Klenz Larsen, P. 2020. “Climatic Protection of Historical Vaults with Lime–Perlite Mortar.” Studies in Conservation 65 (sup1): 174–79. doi:10.1080/00393630.2020.1758499.
  • Kröner, S., B. M. Alcaide, and X. Mas-Barberà. 2016. “Influence of Substrate Pore Size Distribution, Poultice Type, and Application Technique on the Desalination of Medium-Porous Stones.” Studies in Conservation 61 (5): 286–296. doi:10.1080/00393630.2015.1131942.
  • Krus, M. 1996. Moisture Transport and Storage Coefficients of Porous Mineral Building Materials. Stuttgart: Fraunhofer IRB Verlag.
  • Krus, M., and K. Kießl. 1998. “Determination of the Moisture Storage Characteristics of Porous Capillary Active Materials.” Materials and Structures 31 (8): 522–529. doi:10.1007/BF02481533.
  • Lubelli, B., D. A. M. de Winter, J. A. Post, R. P. J. van Hees, and M. R. Drury. 2013a. “Cryo-FIB–SEM and MIP Study of Porosity and Pore Size Distribution of Bentonite and Kaolin at Different Moisture Contents.” Applied Clay Science (August): 358–365. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2013.06.032.
  • Lubelli, B., and R. P. J. van Hees. 2010. “Desalination of Masonry Structures: Fine Tuning of Pore Size Distribution of Poultices to Substrate Properties.” Journal of Cultural Heritage 11 (1): 10–18. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2009.03.005.
  • Lubelli, B., R. P. J. van Hees, and G. Hilbert. 2013b. “Desalination of Masonry Structures. Research Towards a Development of a Modular System of Poultices.” In Desalination of Historic Buildings, Stone and Wall Paintings, edited by A. Heritage, A. Heritage, and F. Zezza, 54–61. London: Archetype Publications Ltd.
  • Martin de Fonjaudran, C. 2004. Removing Non-Original Varnishes from Two Oil-Based Wall Paintings: An Investigation of the Intervention Criteria and Assessment of Selected Cleaning Methods. Masters dissertation, Courtauld Institute of Art, London.
  • Matero, F. G., and A. A. Tagle. 1995. “Cleaning, Iron Stain Removal, and Surface Repair of Architectural Marble and Crystalline Limestone: The Metropolitan Club.” Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 34 (1): 49–68. doi:10.1179/019713695806113712.
  • Midtgaard, M. 2023. “Measuring Water Absorption in Replica of Medieval Plaster. Assessing Their Reliability as Models for Conservation Trials.” In Conservation and Restoration of Historic Mortars and Masonry Structures. HMC 2022. RILEM Bookseries, vol 42, edited by V. Bokan Bosilijkov, A. Padovnoik, and T. Turk. Cham: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-31472-8_24.
  • Midtgaard, M., I. Brajer, and M. Taube. 2020. “Hot-Mixed Lime Mortar: Historical and Analytical Evidence of Its Use in Medieval Wall Painting Plaster.” Journal of Architectural Conservation 26 (3): 235–246. doi:10.1080/13556207.2020.1785758.
  • Midtgaard, M., T. Seir, and I. Brajer. 2021. “Replicating Medieval Wall Painting Plaster Using the Hot-Mix Technique.” Studies in Conservation 66 (4): 230–243. doi:10.1080/00393630.2020.1793597.
  • Nordtest Method. 1997. NT BUILD 481: Building Materials: Retention Curve and Pore Size Distribution. NORDTEST. http://www.nordtest.info/index.php/methods/building/item/building-materials-retention-curve-and-pore-size-distribution-nt-build-481.html?category_id=27.
  • Normandin, K. C., and D. Slaton. 2006. “Cleaning Techniques.” In Stone Conservation: Principles and Practice, edited by A. Henry, 127–160. Dorset: Donhead.
  • Novotny, E. H., E. Ribeiro deAzevedo, G. de Godoy, D. Martelozo Consalter, and M. Cooper. 2023. “Determination of Soil Pore Size Distribution and Water Retention Curve by Internal Magnetic Field Modulation at low Field 1H NMR.” Geoderma 431), doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116363.
  • Pel, L., A. Sawdy, and V. Voronina. 2010. “Physical Principles and Efficiency of Salt Extraction by Poulticing.” Journal of Cultural Heritage 11 (1): 59–67.
  • Petković, J., H. Huinink, L. Pel, K. Kopinga, and R. P. J. Hees. 2010. “Moisture and Salt Transport in Three-Layer Plaster/Substrate Systems.” Construction and Building Materials 24: 118–127. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.08.014.
  • Petković, J., H. P. Huinink, L. Pel, K. Kopinga, and R. P. J. van Hees. 2007. “Salt Transport in Plaster/Substrate Layers.” Materials and Structures 40: 475–490.
  • Randazzo, L., G. Montana, A. Castiglia, and M. F. La Russa. 2020. “Salt Extraction from Lime-Based Mortars: An Experimental Study Using Different Poultice Formulations.” Construction and Building Materials 255 (September): 119391. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119391.
  • Rouquerol, J., D. Avnir, C. W. Fairbridge, D. H. Everett, J. M. Haynes, N. Pernicone, J. D. F. Ramsay, K. S. W. Sing, and K. K. Unger. 1994. “Recommendations for the Characterization of Porous Solids (Technical Report).” Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 (8): 1739–1758.
  • Sawdy, A., B. Lubelli, V. Voronina, and Leo Pel. 2010. “Optimizing the Extraction of Soluble Salts from Porous Materials by Poultices.” Studies in Conservation 55 (1): 26–40.
  • Strømdahl, K. 2000. Water Sorption in Wood and Plant Fibres. PhD Dissertation. Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU). Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark: Technical University of Denmark.
  • Thygesen, L. G., and K. K. Hansen. 2007. “Improved Suction Technique for the Characterization of Construction Materials.” Journal of Astm International 4 (1): 1–9.
  • Vergès-Belmin, V., A. Heritage, and Ann Bourgès. 2011. “Powdered Cellulose Poultices in Stone and Wall Painting Conservation - Myths and Realities.” Studies in Conservation 56 (4): 281–297. doi:10.1179/204705811X13159282692923.
  • Vergès-Belmin, V., and H. Siedel. 2005. “Desalination of Masonries and Monumental Sculptures by Poulticing: A Review/Entsalzen von Mauerwerk Und Steinfiguren Mit Hilfe von Kompressen: Ein Überblick.” Restoration of Buildings and Monuments Bauinstandsetzen Und Baudenkmalpflege 11 (6): 391–408.
  • Voronina, V., L. Pel, A. Sawdy, and K. Koinga. 2013. “The Influence of Osmotic Pressure on Poulticing Treatments for Cultural Heritage objects.” Materials and Structures 46: 221–231. doi:10.1617/s11527-012-9896-0.
  • Wang, M., L. Kong, and M. Zang. 2015. “Effects of Sample Dimensions and Shapes on Measuring Soil–Water Characteristic Curves Using Pressure Plate.” Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 7 (4): 463–468. doi:10.1016/j.jrmge.2015.01.002.
  • Wiggins, D. 2018. Historic Environment Scotland Technical Paper 27: Hot-Mixed Lime Mortars: Microstructure and Functional Performance. Edinburgh: Historic Environment Scotland.
  • Zauer, M., F. Meissner, R. Plagge, and A. Wagenführ. 2016. “Capillary Pore-Size Distribution and Equilibrium Moisture Content of Wood Determined by Means of Pressure Plate Technique.” Holzforschung 70 (2): 137–143. doi:10.1515/hf-2014-0340.
  • Zezza, F. 2013. “The Desalination Project.” In Desalination of Historic Buildings, Stone and Wall Paintings, edited by A. Heritage, A. Heritage, and F. Zezza, 1–7. London: Archetype Publications Ltd.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.