113
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

How do we know what they know? A case study of classroom-based assessment with multilingual learners

ORCID Icon, , &

References

  • Abedi, J. (2010a). Performance assessments for English language learners. Stanford Center for Opportunity Policy in Education.
  • Abedi, J. (2010b). Research and recommendations for formative assessment with English language learners. In H. L. Andrade & G. J. Cizek (Eds.), Handbook of formative assessment (pp. 181–197). Routledge.
  • Abedi, J., Lord, C., & Plummer, J. R. (1997). Final report of language background as a variable in NAEP mathematics performance (CSE Report No. 429). National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing. http://cresst.org/wp-content/uploads/TECH429.pdf
  • Au, W. (2007). High-stakes testing and curricular control: A qualitative metasynthesis. Educational Researcher, 36(5), 258–267. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X07306523
  • Au, W. (2009). Social studies, social justice: W(h)ither the social studies in high-stakes testing? Teacher Education Quarterly, 36(1), 43–58.
  • Barton, K. C., & Avery, P. (2016). Research on social studies education: Diverse students, settings, and methods. In C. Bell & G. Gitomer (Eds.), Handbook of research on teaching (5th ed., pp. 985–1038). American Educational Research Association.
  • Barton, K. C., & Levstik, L. S. (2004). Teaching history for the common good. Routledge.
  • Barton, K. C., & McCully, A. W. (2012). Trying to “see things differently”: Northern Ireland students’ struggle to understand alternative historical perspectives. Theory & Research in Social Education, 40(4), 371–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2012.710928
  • Blackey, R. (2009). So many choices, so little time: Strategies for understanding and taking multiple-choice exams in history. The History Teacher, 43(1), 53–66.
  • Bransford, J. D., Brown, A. L., & Cocking, R. R. (1999). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, and school. National Academy Press.
  • Breakstone, J. (2014). Try, try, try again: The process of designing new history assessments. Theory & Research in Social Education, 42(4), 453–485. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2014.965860
  • Brophy, J. (2006). Graham Nuthall and social constructivist teaching: Research-based cautions and qualifications. Teaching & Teacher Education, 22(5), 529–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2006.01.008
  • Busey, C. L., & Russell, W. B., III. (2016). “We want to learn”: Middle school Latino/a students discuss social studies curriculum and pedagogy. Research in Middle Level Education, 39(4), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/19404476.2016.1155921
  • Butler, F., & Stevens, R. (2001). Standardized assessment of the content knowledge of English language learners K-12: Current trends and old dilemmas. Language Testing, 18(4), 409–427. https://doi.org/10.1177/026553220101800406
  • Cho, S., & Reich, G. (2008). New immigrants, new challenges: High school social studies teachers and English language learner instruction. The Social Studies, 99(6), 235–242. https://doi.org/10.3200/TSSS.99.6.235-242
  • Cobb, P. (1994). Where is the mind? Constructivist and sociocultural perspectives on mathematical development. Educational Researcher, 23(7), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X023007013
  • Colley, L. (2019). (Un)restricting feminism: High school students’ definitions of gender and feminism in the context of the historic struggle for women’s rights. Theory & Research in Social Education, 47(3), 426–455. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2019.1593268
  • Crocco, M. S., & Livingston, E. (2017). Becoming an “expert” social studies teacher: What we know about teacher education and professional development. In M. M. Manfra & C. M. Bolick (Eds.), The Wiley handbook of social studies research (pp. 360–384). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Cruz, B., & Thornton, S. (2012). Visualizing social studies literacy: Teaching content and skills to English language learners. Social Studies Research and Practice, 7(2), 98–111. https://doi.org/10.1108/SSRP-03-2012-B0007
  • De La Paz, S. (2005). Effects of historical reasoning instruction and writing strategy mastery in culturally and academically diverse middle school classrooms. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97(2), 137–156. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.97.2.139
  • De La Paz, S., Monte-Sano, C., Felton, M., Croninger, R., Jackson, C., & Worland, K. (2017). A historical writing apprenticeship for adolescents: Integrating disciplinary learning with cognitive strategies. Reading Research Quarterly, 52(1), 31–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.147
  • Dong, Y. R. (2017). Tapping into English language learners’ (ELLs’) prior knowledge in social studies instruction. The Social Studies, 108(4), 143–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/00377996.2017.1342161
  • Durán, R. (2008). Assessing English-language learners’ achievement. Review of Research in Education, 32(1), 292–327. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X07309372
  • Epstein, T. (1998). Deconstructing differences in African-American and European-American adolescents’ perspectives on US history. Curriculum Inquiry, 28(4), 397–423. https://doi.org/10.1111/0362-6784.00100
  • Fine, C. G. M., & Furtak, E. M. (2020). A framework for science classroom assessment task design for emergent bilingual learners. Science Education, 104(3), 393–420. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.21565
  • Fitchett, P. G., Heafner, T. L., & Lambert, R. G. (2017). An analysis of predictors of history content knowledge: Implications for policy and practice. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 25(65), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.25.2761
  • Fitzpatrick, C., van Hover, S., Cornett, A., & Hicks, D. (2019). A DBQ in a multiple-choice world: A tale of two assessments in a unit on the Byzantine Empire. The Journal of Social Studies Research, 43(3), 199–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssr.2018.09.004
  • Fogo, B. (2014). Core practices for teaching history: The results of a Delphi panel survey. Theory & Research in Social Education, 42(2), 151–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2014.902781
  • Fránquiz, M. E., & Salinas, C. (2013). Knowing English is not enough! Cultivating academic literacies among high school newcomers. The High School Journal, 96(4), 339–357. https://doi.org/10.1353/hsj.2013.0012
  • Grant, S. G. (Ed.). (2006). Measuring history: Cases of state-level testing across the United States. Information Age.
  • Grant, S. G. (2017). The problem of knowing what students know: Classroom-based and large-scale assessment in social studies. In M. M. Manfra & C. M. Bolick (Eds.), The Wiley handbook of social studies research (pp. 461–476). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Grant, S. G., & Salinas, C. (2008). Accountability and assessment. In L. S. Levstik & C. A. Tyson (Eds.), Handbook of research in social studies education (pp. 219–236). Routledge.
  • Hattie, J., & Yates, G. C. (2013). Visible learning and the science of how we learn. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315885025
  • Hemmler, V. L., Kibler, A. K., van Hover, S., Carlock, R. H., Jr., & Fitzpatrick, C. (2021). Using scaffolding to support CLM students’ critical multiple perspective-taking on history. Teaching & Teacher Education, 105, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103396
  • Jaffee, A. T. (2016). Social studies pedagogy for Latino/a newcomer youth: Toward a theory of culturally and linguistically relevant citizenship education. Theory & Research in Social Education, 44(2), 147–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2016.1171184
  • Jay, L. (2021). Revisiting Lexington green: Implications for teaching historical thinking. Cognition & Instruction, 39(3), 306–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370008.2021.1880410
  • Kim, G. (2023). “Because the United States is a great melting pot”: How students make sense of topics in world history. Theory & Research in Social Education, 51(3), 372–407. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2022.2162466
  • King, M. B., Newmann, F. M., & Carmichael, D. L. (2009). Authentic intellectual work: Common standards for teaching social studies. Social Education, 73(1), 43–49.
  • Knowles, R. T., Hawkman, A. M., & Nielsen, S. R. (2020). The social studies teacher-coach: A quantitative analysis comparing coaches and non-coaches across how/what they teach. The Journal of Social Studies Research, 44(1), 117–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssr.2019.04.001
  • Lazer, S. (2015). A large-scale assessment of historical knowledge and reasoning. In K. Ercikan & P. Seixas (Eds.), New directions in assessing historical thinking (pp. 145–158). Routledge.
  • Lee, P., & Ashby, R. (2000). Progression in historical understanding among students ages 7–14. In P. M. Stearns, P. Seixas, & S. Wineburg (Eds.), Knowing teaching and learning history (pp. 199–222). New York University Press.
  • Lenski, S. D., Ehlers-Zavala, F., Daniel, M. C., & Sun-Irminger, X. (2006). Assessing English-language learners in mainstream classrooms. The Reading Teacher, 60(1), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1598/RT.60.1.3
  • Levstik, L. S. (2001). Crossing the empty spaces: Perspective taking in New Zealand adolescents’ understanding of national history. In O. L. Davis, E. A. Yeager, & S. J. Foster (Eds.), Historical empathy and perspective taking in the social studies (pp. 69–96). Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Levstik, L. S. (2008). What happens in social studies classrooms?: Research on K-12 social studies practice. In L. S. Levstik & C. A. Tyson (Eds.), Handbook of research in social studies education (pp. 50–64). Routledge.
  • Martell, C. C. (2020). Barriers to inquiry-based instruction: A longitudinal study of history teacher. Journal of Teacher Education, 71(3), 279–291. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487119841880
  • Martin, D., & Monte-Sano, C. (2008). Inquiry, controversy, and ambiguous texts: Learning to teach for historical thinking. In W. Warren & D. A. Cantu (Eds.), History 101: The past, present, and future of teacher preparation (pp. 167–186). Information Age Publishing.
  • McMillan, J. H. (Ed.). (2013). SAGE handbook of research on classroom assessment. Sage.
  • McNeil, L. M. (2000). Contradictions of school reform: Educational costs of standardized testing. Routledge.
  • Meuwissen, K. W. (2013). Readin’, writin’, ready for testin’? Adaptive assessment in elective and standardized-tested social studies course contexts. Theory & Research in Social Education, 41(3), 285–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2013.812049
  • Mihai, F. M. (2010). Assessing English language learners in the content areas: A research-into-practice guide for educators. University of Michigan Press.
  • Miller, J. M. (2018). U.S. history state assessments, discourse demands, and English learners’ achievement: Evidence for the importance of reading and writing instruction in U.S. history for English learners. The Journal of Social Studies Research, 42(4), 375–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssr.2017.12.001
  • Miller, J. M. (2022). U.S. history state assessment items: Exploring the income-achievement gap and levels of academic language, historical thinking, and historical literacy demand. Theory & Research in Social Education, 50(4), 607–636. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2022.2065942
  • Monte-Sano, C. (2008). Qualities of historical writing instruction: A comparative case study of two teachers’ practices. American Educational Research Journal, 45(4), 1045–1079. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831208319733
  • Monte-Sano, C. (2011). Beyond reading comprehension and summary: Learning to read and write in history by focusing on evidence, perspective, and interpretation. Curriculum and Inquiry, 41(2), 212–249. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-873X.2011.00547.x
  • Nokes, J. D. (2010). Observing literacy practices in history classrooms. Theory & Research in Social Education, 38(4), 515–544. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2010.10473438
  • Nuthall, G. (2007). The hidden lives of learners. NZCER Press.
  • Nuthall, G., & Alton-Lee, A. (1993). Predicting learning from student experience of teaching: A theory of student knowledge construction in classrooms. American Educational Research Journal, 30(4), 799–840. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312030004799
  • Nuthall, G., & Alton-Lee, A. (1995). Assessing classroom learning: How students use their knowledge and experience to answer classroom achievement test questions in science and social studies. American Educational Research Journal, 32(1), 185–223. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312032001185
  • Office of English Language Acquisition. (2018). Fast facts: Profiles of English learners (ELs). Author. https://ncela.ed.gov/files/fast_facts/Profiles_of_ELs_4.12.18_MM_Final_Edit.pdf
  • Pappamihiel, N., & Mihai, F. (2006). Assessing English language learners’ content knowledge in middle school classrooms. Middle School Journal, 38(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/00940771.2006.11461563
  • Peck, C. L. (2010). “It’s not like [I’m] Chinese and Canadian. I am in between”: Ethnicity and students’ conceptions of historical significance. Theory & Research in Social Education, 38(4), 574–617. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2010.10473440
  • Rabinowitz, S., Ananda, S., & Bell, A. (2004). Strategies to assess the core academic knowledge of English language learners. Journal of Applied Testing Technology, 7(1), 1–12.
  • Reich, G. A. (2009). Testing historical knowledge: Standards, multiple-choice questions and student reasoning. Theory & Research in Social Education, 37(3), 325–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2009.10473401
  • Reich, G. A. (2013). Imperfect models, imperfect conclusions: An exploratory study of multiple-choice tests and historical knowledge. The Journal of Social Studies Research, 37(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssr.2012.12.004
  • Reich, G. A. (2015). Measuring up? Multiple-choice questions. In K. Ercikan & P. Sexias (Eds.), New directions in assessing historical thinking (pp. 221–232). Routledge.
  • Reisman, A. (2012). The ‘document-based lesson’: Bringing disciplinary inquiry into high school history classrooms with adolescent struggling readers. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 44(2), 233–264. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2011.591436
  • Rodríguez, N. N. (2018). From margins to center: Developing cultural citizenship education through the teaching of Asian American history. Theory & Research in Social Education, 46(4), 528–573. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2018.1432432
  • Rodríguez, H. M., Salinas, C. S., & Guberman, S. (2005). Creating opportunities for historical thinking with bilingual students. Social Studies and the Young Learner, 18(2), 9–13.
  • Salinas, C. S., Fránquiz, M. E., & Guberman, S. (2006). Introducing historical thinking to second language learners: Exploring what students know and what they want to know. The Social Studies, 97(5), 203–207. https://doi.org/10.3200/TSSS.97.5.203-207
  • Salinas, C. S., Rodriguez, N. N., & Blevins, B. (2017). Emergent bilinguals in the social studies. In M. M. Manfra & C. M. Bolick (Eds.), The Wiley handbook of social studies research (pp. 440–461). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Saye, J., & the Social Studies Inquiry Research Collaborative. (2013). Authentic pedagogy: Its presence in social studies classrooms and relationship to student performance on state-mandated tests. Theory & Research in Social Education, 41(1), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2013.756785
  • Saye, J. W. (2017). Disciplined inquiry in social studies classrooms. In M. M. Manfra & C. M. Bolick (Eds.), The Wiley handbook of social studies research (pp. 336–359). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Saye, J. W., Stoddard, J., Gerwin, D. M., Libresco, A. S., & Maddox, L. E. (2018). Authentic pedagogy: Examining intellectual challenge in social studies classrooms. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 50(6), 865–884. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2018.1473496
  • Short, D. J. (1994). Expanding middle school horizons: Integrating language, culture, and social studies. TESOL Quarterly, 28(3), 581–608. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587309
  • Shuttleworth, J. M., & Patterson, T. (2020). The discourse of (mis)construction and national history exams. Theory & Research in Social Education, 48(1), 120–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2019.1699216
  • Smith, M. D. (2017). Cognitive validity: Can multiple-choice items tap historical thinking processes? American Educational Research Journal, 54(6), 1256–1287. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831217717949
  • Smith, M. D. (2018). New multiple-choice measures of historical thinking: An investigation of cognitive validity. Theory & Research in Social Education, 46(1), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2017.1351412
  • Smith, M. D., & Breakstone, J. (2015). Historical assessments of thinking: An investigation of cognitive validity. In K. Ercikan & P. Seixas (Eds.), New directions in assessing historical thinking (1st ed., pp. 233–245). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315779539
  • Smith, M. D., Breakstone, J., & Wineburg, S. (2019). History assessments of thinking: A validity study. Cognition & Instruction, 37(1), 118–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370008.2018.1499646
  • Smith, J., & Niemi, R. G. (2001). Learning history in school: The impact of course work and instructional practices on achievement. Theory & Research in Social Education, 29(1), 18–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2001.10505928
  • Stewart, M. A., & Walker, K. (2017). English as a second language and World war II: Possibilities for language and historical learning. TESOL Journal, 8(1), 44–69. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.262
  • Subedi, B. (2008). Fostering critical dialogue across cultural differences: A study of immigrant teachers’ interventions in diverse schools. Theory & Research in Social Education, 36(4), 413–440. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2008.10473382
  • Szpara, M. Y., & Ahmad, I. (2007). Supporting English-language learners in social studies class. The Social Studies, 98(5), 189–196. https://doi.org/10.3200/TSSS.98.5.189-196
  • Thornton, S. J. (1989, March 27–31). Aspiration and practice. Teacher as curricular-instructional gatekeeper in social studies [ Paper presentation]. American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • Thornton, S. J. (1991). Teacher as curricular-instructional gatekeeper in social studies. In J. S. Shaver (Ed.), Handbook of research on social studies teaching and learning (pp. 237–248). Macmillan.
  • Torrez, C. A., & Claunch-Lebsack, E. A. (2013). Research on assessment in the social studies classroom. In J. H. McMillan (Ed.), SAGE handbook of research on classroom assessment (pp. 461–472). Sage.
  • van Hover, S., & Hicks, D. (2017). Social constructivism and student learning in social studies. In M. M. Manfra & C. M. Bolick (Eds.), The Wiley handbook of social studies research (pp. 270–286). John Wiley & Sons.
  • VanSledright, B. (2008). Narratives of nation-state, historical knowledge, and school history education. Review of Research in Education, 32(1), 109–146. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X07311065
  • VanSledright, B. (2013). Assessing historical thinking and understanding: Innovative designs for new standards. Routledge.
  • Vansledright, B. (2015). Assessing for learning in the history classroom. In K. Ercikan & P. Seixas (Eds.), New directions in assessing historical thinking (pp. 75–88). Routledge.
  • VanSledright, B., & Limón, M. (2006). Learning and teaching social studies: A review of cognitive research in history and geography. In P. A. Alexander & P. H. Winne (Eds.), Handbook of educational psychology (pp. 545–570). Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Voet, M., & Wever, B. D. (2016). History teachers’ conceptions of inquiry-based learning, beliefs about the nature of history, and their relation to the classroom context. Teaching & Teacher Education, 55(1), 57–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2015.12.008
  • Wang, Y., Many, J. E., & Krumenaker, L. (2008). Understanding the experiences and needs of mainstream teachers of ESL students: Reflections from a secondary social studies teacher. TESL Canada Journal, 26(1), 66–84. https://doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v26i1.130
  • Willingham, D. T. (2009). Why don’t students like school?: A cognitive scientist answers questions about how the mind works and what it means for the classroom. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4th ed.). Sage.
  • Yoder, P. J. (2020). “He wants to get rid of all the Muslims”: Mexican American and Muslim students’ use of history regarding candidate Trump. Theory & Research in Social Education, 48(3), 346–374. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2020.1773364
  • Yoder, P. J. (2021). Examining three narratives of U.S. history in the historical perspectives of middle school (emergent) bilingual students. The Journal of Social Studies Research, 45(3), 167–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssr.2020.10.001
  • Zhang, Y. (2017). Supporting English language learners in social studies: Language-focused strategies. The Social Studies, 108(5), 204–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/00377996.2017.1354808

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.