What determines citizens’ attitudes to municipal mergers?

References

• Askim, J., K. Houlberg, and J. E. Klausen. 2022. “Fiscal Easing in Local Governments Facing Potential Merger: Visible in Budgets or Hidden in Overruns?” Public Administration 2022-12 100 (4): 999–1018. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12781.
   Google Scholar
• Austin, D. A. 1999. “Politics vs Economics: Evidence from Municipal Annexation.” Journal of Urban Economics 45 (3): 501–532. https://doi.org/10.1006/juec.1998.2102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldersheim, H., and L. E. Rose. 2010. Territorial Choice: The Politics of Boundaries and Borders. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Banerjee, A., U. Chitnis, S. Jadhav, J. Bhawalkar, and S. Chaudhury. 2009. “Hypothesis Testing, Type I and Type II Errors.” Industrial Psychiatry Journal 18 (2): 127. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-6748.62274.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bhatti, Y., and K. M. Hansen. 2011. “Who ‘Marries’ Whom? The Influence of Societal Connectedness, Economic, and Political Homogeneity, and Population Size on Jurisdictional Consolidations.” European Journal of Political Research 50 (2): 212. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2010.01928.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bischoff, I., and E. Wolfschütz. 2017. The Emergence of Inter-Municipal Cooperation: A Hazard Model Approach. MAGKS Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics, No. 44-2017. Philipps-University Marburg, School of Business and Economics, Marburg.
   Google Scholar
• Blesse, S., and F. Heinemann. 2020. “Citizens’ Trade-Offs in State Merger Decisions: Evidence from a Randomized Survey Experiment.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 180: 438–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2020.10.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blom-Hansen, J., K. Houlberg, S. Serritzlew, and D. Treisman. 2016. “Jurisdiction Size and Local Government Policy Expenditure: Assessing the Effect of Municipal Amalgamation.” American Political Science Review 110 (4): 812–831. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055416000320.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boadway, R. W., and A. Shah. 2009. Fiscal Federalism: Principles and Practices of Multiorder Governance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Borge, L.-E., J. H. Fiva, J. Rattsø, and R. J. Sørensen. 2017. “Frivillig Kommunesammenslåing —Betydningen av Folketall, Inntekt og Politisk Avstand.” Michael 14 (Supplement 19): 17–28.
   Google Scholar
• Brink, A. 2004. “The Break-Up of Municipalities: Voting Behavior in Local Referenda.” Economics of Governance 5 (2): 119–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-003-0068-0.
   Google Scholar
• Bruns, B., R. Freier, and A. Schumann. 2015. “Finding Your Right (or Left) Partner to Merge.” DIW Berlin Discussion Paper No. 1467. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2594618.
   Google Scholar
• Camões, P. J., A. Tavares, and F. Teles. 2021. “Assessing the Intensity of Cooperation: A Study of Joint Delegation of Municipal Functions to Inter-Municipal Associations.” Local Government Studies 47 (4): 593–615. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2020.1857245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahl, R. A., and E. R. Tufte. 1973. Size and Democracy. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dente, B. 1988. “Local Government Reform and Legitimacy.” In The Dymanics of Institutional Change, edited by Bruno Dente and Francensco Kjellberg, 171–186. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Denters, B., M. J. Goldsmith, A. Ladner, P. E. Mouritzen, and L. E. Rose. 2014. Size and Local Democracy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Di Liddo, G., and M. G. Giuranno. 2020. “The Political Economy of Municipal Consortia and Municipal Mergers.” Economia Politica 37 (1): 105–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40888-019-00169-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon, R., and T. Elston. 2020. “Efficiency and Legitimacy in Collaborative Public Management: Mapping Inter-local Agreements in England Using Social Network Analysis.” Public Administration 98 (3): 746–767. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12649.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doan, A. E. 2005. “Type I and Type II Errors.” In Encyclopedia of Social Measurement, edited by K. Kempf-Leonard, 883–888. New York: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Dollery, B. E., and L. Robotti, eds. 2008. The Theory and Practice of Local Government Reform. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Dur, R., and K. Staal. 2008. “Local Public Good Provision, Municipal Consolidation, and National Transfers.” Regional Science And Urban Economics 38 (2): 160–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.01.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egger, P. H., M. Koethenbuerger, and G. Loumeau. 2022. “Local Border Reforms and Economic Activity.” Journal of Economic Geography 22 (1): 81–102. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbab030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eklund, N. 2018. “Citizens’ Views on Governance in Two Swedish City-Regions.” Journal of Urban Affairs 40 (1): 117–129. https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falnes-Dalheim, E., and L. S. Bye. 2021. Lokalvalgundersøkelsene 2019. Dokumentasjonsnotat 2021/19. Oslo: Statistics Norway.
   Google Scholar
• Feiock, R. C. 2009. “Metropolitan Governance and Institutional Collective Action.” Urban Affairs Review 44 (3): 356–377. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087408324000.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filer, J. E., and L. W. Kenny. 1980. “Voter Reaction to City-county Consolidation Referenda.” The Journal of Law and Economics 23 (1): 179–190. https://doi.org/10.1086/466958.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiva, J. H., A. H. Halse, and G. J. Natvik. 2020. Local Government Dataset. https://www.jon.fiva.no/data.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Folkestad, B., J. E. Klausen, J. Saglie, and S. B. Segaard. 2021. “When do Consultative Referendums Improve Democracy? Evidence from Local Referendums in Norway.” International Political Science Review 42 (2): 213–228. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512119881810.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geissel, B., and K. Newton. 2012. Evaluating Democratic Innovations: Curing the Democratic Malaise? London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gerdtham, U.-G., and B. Jönsson. 2000. “Chapter 1 International Comparisons of Health Expenditure: Theory, Data, and Econometric Analysis.” In Handbook of Health Economics, edited by Anthony J. Culyer and Joseph P. Newhouse, Vol. 1 (PART A), 11–53. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0064(00)80160-2.
   Google Scholar
• Gerring, J., and W. Veenendaal. 2020. Population and Politics: The Impact of Scale. Cambridge: University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations.
   Google Scholar
• Gordon, N., and B. Knight. 2009. “A Spatial Merger Estimator with an Application to School District Consolidation.” Journal of Public Economics 93 (5): 752–765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.02.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanes, N., M. Wikström, and E. Wångmar. 2012. “Municipal Preferences for State-imposed Amalgamations: An Empirical Study Based on the Swedish Municipal Reform of 1952.” Urban Studies 49 (12): 2733–2750. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098011429488.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, T. 1991. “Norwegian Local Government: Stability Through Change.” In Local Government and Urban Affairs in International Perspective, edited by J. J. Hesse, 2011–2040. Baden-Baden: NOMOS.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen, T. 2016. “Kommuneinndelingen—Fra Lokale Økonomiske Klubber Til Statlige Velferdsprodusenter.” In Kommunereform i Perspektiv, edited by J. E. Klausen, J. Askim, and S. I. Vabo, 47–69. Oslo: Fagbokforlaget.
   Google Scholar
• Hardin, G. 1968. “The Tragedy of the Commons.” Science 162 (3859): 1243–1248. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.162.3859.1243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harjunen, O., T. Saarimaa, and J. Tukiainen. 2021. “Political Representation and Effects of Municipal Mergers.” Political Science Research and Methods 9 (1): 72–88. https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2019.17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hulst, R., and A. Montford. 2007. Inter-Municipal Cooperation in Europe. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Jakobsen, M., and U. Kjaer. 2016. “Political Representation and Geographical Bias in Amalgamated Local Governments.” Local Government Studies 42 (2): 208–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2015.1127225.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnsen, Å., and J. E. Klausen. 2006. “Kommunesammenslåingers Politiske Økonomi: En Analyse Av Velgeratferd I Rådgivende Folkeavstemninger” [The Political Economy of Municipal Mergers: Analysis of Voter Behavior in Consutlative Referenda]. Norsk statsvitenskapelig Tidsskrift 22 (01): 22–45.
   Google Scholar
• KDD. 2023. Generalistkommunesystemet—Likt Ansvar – Ulike Forutsetninger. NOU 2023:9. Oslo: Kommunal-og distriktsdepartementet.
   Google Scholar
• Klausen, J. E., J. Askim, and T. Christensen. 2021. “Local Government Reform: Compromise Through Cross-Cutting Cleavages.” Political Studies Review 19 (1): 111–126. https://doi.org/10.1177/1478929919887649.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klausen, J. E., L. E. Rose, and M. Winsvold. 2021. “Kommunereformen – en reform uten konsekvenser?” In Lokalvalget 2019. Nye kommuner - nye valg?, edited by Jo Saglie, Signe Bock Segaard, and Dag Arne Christensen, 143–169. Oslo: Cappelen Damm Akademisk.
   Google Scholar
• KMD. 2014. Kommunereform. Meldingsdel i kommuneproposisjonen 2015 (Prop. 95 S). Oslo: Kommunal- og moderniseringsdepartementet.
   Google Scholar
• Kübler, D. 2018. “Citizenship in the Fragmented Metropolis: An Individual-Level Analysis from Switzerland.” Journal of Urban Affairs 40 (1): 63–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapointe, S. 2018. ““Love thy Neighbour”? The Effect of Income and Language Differences on Votes for Municipal Secessions.” Regional Science and Urban Economics 70: 229–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2018.04.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansbridge, J. 2003. “Rethinking Representation.” American Political Science Review 97 (4): 515–528. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055403000856.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyazaki, T. 2014. “Municipal Consolidation and Local Government Behavior: Evidence from Japanese Voting Data on Merger Referenda.” Economics of Governance 15 (4): 387–410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-014-0145-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neyman, J., and E. S. Pearson. 1967. The Testing of Statistical Hypotheses in Relation to Probabilities a Priori. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Oates, W. E. 1972. Fiscal Federalism. New York: Gregg Revivals.
   Google Scholar
• Ostrom, E. 1990. Governing the Commons. The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pateman, C. 1977. Participation and Democratic Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Saarimaa, T., and J. Tukiainen. 2014. “I Don't Care to Belong to Any Club That Will Have Me as a Member: Empirical Analysis of Municipal Mergers.” Political Science Research and Methods 2 (1): 97–117. https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2013.25.
   Google Scholar
• Soguel, N., and J. Silberstein. 2015. “Welfare Loss with Municipal Amalgamations and the Willingness-to-Pay for the Municipality Name.” Local Government Studies 41 (6): 977–996. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2015.1061507.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sørensen, R. J. 2006. “Local Government Consolidations: The Impact of Political Transaction Costs.” Public Choice 127 (1/2): 75–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-7106-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiner, R. 2003. “The Causes, Spread and Effects of Intermunicipal Cooperation and Municipal Mergers in Switzerland.” Public Management Review 5 (4): 551–571. https://doi.org/10.1080/1471903032000178581.
   Google Scholar
• Stoffelen, A., O. Kamminga, P. Groote, E. Meijles, G. Weitkamp, and A. Hoving. 2023. “Making Use of Sense of Place in Amalgamated Municipalities.” Regional & Federal Studies (ahead-of-print), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2022.2161526.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strandberg, K., and M. Lindell. 2020. “Citizens’ Attitudes Towards Municipal Mergers – Individual-level Explanations.” Scandinavian Political Studies 43 (4): 296–316. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9477.12170.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strebel, M. A. 2021a. “Trading Wealth for Political Control? The Political Economy of Sovereignty Referendums.” Paper presented at the SPSA Annual Conference, University of Bern, February 4–5, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Strebel, M. A. 2022. “Who Supports Metropolitan Integration? Citizens’ Perceptions of City-Regional Governance in Western Europe.” West European Politics 45 (5): 1081–1106. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2021.1929688.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strebel, M. A., D. Kübler, and F. Marcinkowski. 2019. “The Importance of Input and Output Legitimacy in Democratic Governance: Evidence from a Population-Based Survey Experiment in Four West European Countries.” European Journal of Political Research 58 (2): 488–513. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12293.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki, K., and K. Sakuwa. 2016. “Impact of Municipal Mergers on Local Population Growth: An Assessment of the Merger of Japanese Municipalities.” Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration 38 (4): 223–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/23276665.2016.1258887.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swianiewicz, P., A. Gendźwiłł, K. Houlberg, and J. E. Klausen, eds. 2022. Municipal Territorial Reforms of 21st Century in Europe. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Tavares, A. F. 2018. “Municipal Amalgamations and Their Effects: A Literature Review.” Miscellanea Geographica 22 (1): 5–15. https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2018-0005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teles, F., and P. Swianiewicz. 2018. Inter-municipal Cooperation in Europe: Institutions and Governance. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Tiebout, C. M. 1956. “A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures.” Journal of Political Economy 64 (5): 416–424. https://doi.org/10.1086/257839.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vetter, A. 2002. “Local Political Competence in Europe: A Resource of Legitimacy for Higher Levels of Government?” International Journal of Public Opinion Research 14 (1): 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/14.1.3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voda, P., and P. Svačinová. 2020. “To Be Central or Peripheral? What Matters for Political Representation in Amalgamated Municipalities?” Urban Affairs Review 56 (4): 1206–1236. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087418824671.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada, K. 2016. “Crucial Decisions By Small Towns and Villages: Why Did Some Municipalities Choose to Merge But Others Did Not During the Nationwide Wave of Municipal Mergers in Japan?” International Journal of Public Administration 39 (6): 480–491. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2015.1028632.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada, K. 2018. “From a Majority to a Minority: How Municipal Mergers in Japan Changed the Distribution of Political Powers and the Allocation of Public Services Within a Merged Municipality.” Urban Affairs Review 54 (3): 560–592. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087416669603.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerbauer, K., and A. Paasi. 2013. “When Old and New Regionalism Collide: Deinstitutionalization of Regions and Resistance Identity in Municipality Amalgamations.” Journal of Rural Studies 30: 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2012.11.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar