Influence of rheology on the hydraulic conveying of red mud slurries through the pipeline for eco-friendly and safe disposal

References

• Abedi, B., R. Mendes, and P. R. de Souza Mendes. 2019. Startup flow of yield-stress non-thixotropic and thixotropic materials in a tube. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 174:437–45. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2018.11.047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abulnaga, B. 2002. Slurry systems handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Alam, T., M. A. Islam, and Z. N. Farhat. 2016. Slurry erosion of pipeline steel: Effect of velocity and microstructure. Journal of Tribology 138 (2):021604. doi: 10.1115/1.4031599.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alderman, N. J., and N. I. Heywood. 2004. Improving slurry viscosity and flow curve measurements. Chemical Engineering Progress 100 (4):27–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali Kokpinar, M., M. Gogus, B. M. A. Kökpınar, and M. Gög. 2001. Critical flow velocity in slurry transporting horizontal pipelines. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 127 (9):763–71. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:9(763).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASTM Standard. 2013. Standard Test Method for Determination of Slurry Abrasivity (Miller Number) and Slurry Abrasion Response of Materials (SAR Number). West Conshohocken, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Azamathulla, H. M., and Z. Ahmad 2013. Estimation of critical velocity for slurry transport through pipeline using adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system and gene-expression programming. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice 4 (2):131–7. doi: 10.1061/(asce)ps.1949-1204.0000123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bbosa, B., E. DelleCase, M. Volk, and E. Ozbayoglu. 2017. A comprehensive deposition velocity model for slurry transport in horizontal pipelines. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 7 (1):303–10. doi: 10.1007/s13202-016-0259-1.
   Google Scholar
• Boger, D., P. J. Scales, and F. Sofra. 2006. Rheological Concepts 3.1. Paste and Thickened Tailings-A Guide, 25–37.
   Google Scholar
• Bose, A. N., and K. S. Raju. 2001. Slurry transportation in Indian mines, Ministry of Mines, Govt. of India, 8–17.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, N., and N. Heywood. 1991. Slurry handling: Design of solid-liquid systems. London: Springer Science & Business Media.
   Google Scholar
• Burke, I. T., C. L. Peacock, C. L. Lockwood, D. I. Stewart, R. J. G. Mortimer, M. B. Ward, P. Renforth, K. Gruiz, and W. M. Mayes. 2013. Behavior of aluminum, arsenic, and vanadium during the neutralization of red mud leachate by HCl, gypsum, or seawater. Environmental Science & Technology 47 (12):6527–35. doi: 10.1021/es4010834.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chhabra, R., and J. Richardson. 2008. Non-Newtonian flow and applied rheology: Engineering applications. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann.
   Google Scholar
• Chung, R. J., J. Jiang, C. Pang, B. Yu, R. Eadie, and D. Y. Li. 2021. Erosion-corrosion behaviour of steels used in slurry pipelines. Wear 477:203771. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2021.203771.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coker, E. H., and D. Van Peursem. 2018. The erosion of horizontal sand slurry pipelines resulting from inter-particle collision. Wear 400–401:74–81. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2017.12.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desouky, S. E. D. M, and M. N. Al-Awad. 1998. A new laminar-to-turbulent transition criterion for yield-pseudoplastic fluids. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 19 (3-4):171–6. doi: 10.1016/S0920-4105(97)00044-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durand, R. 1953. Basic relationships of the transportation of solids in pipes-experimental research. In Minnesota International Hydraulic Convention, 89–103.
   Google Scholar
• Garcia, E., and J. Steffe. 1986. Comparison of friction factor equations for non-Newtonian fluids in pipe flow. Journal of Food Process Engineering 9 (2):93–120. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-4530.1986.tb00120.x.
   Google Scholar
• Ghosh, S., E. K. Holwerda, R. S. Worthen, L. R. Lynd, and B. P. Epps. 2018. Rheological properties of corn stover slurries during fermentation by Clostridium thermocellum. Biotechnology for Biofuels 11 (1):246. doi: 10.1186/s13068-018-1248-z.
   Google Scholar
• Gillies, R. G., J. Schaan, R. J. Sumner, M. J. McKibben, and C. A. Shook. 2000. Deposition velocities for Newtonian slurries in turbulent flow. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 78 (4):704–8. doi: 10.1002/cjce.5450780412.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanks, R. 1978. Low Reynolds number turbulent pipeline flow of pseudo-homogeneous slurries, In Proceedings of the Hydrotransport (5):8–11.
   Google Scholar
• Hanks, R. W., and B. L. Ricks. 1974. Laminar-Turbulent transition in flow of pseudoplastic fluids with yield stresses. Journal of Hydronautics 8 (4):163–6. doi: 10.2514/3.62992.
   Google Scholar
• Herschel, W., and R. Bulkley. 1926. Measurement of consistency as applied to rubber-benzene solutions. Proceedings of American Society for Testing Materials 26 (2):621–33.
   Google Scholar
• Hu, S. 2016. 4.2 Slurry Flows, Multiphase Flow Handbook. New York: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Indian Standard. 1963. IS 238-3: Methods of test for aggregates for concrete, Part 3: Specific gravity, density, voids, absorption and bulking. New Delhi: Indian Standard.
   Google Scholar
• Javaheri, V., D. Porter, and V. T. Kuokkala. 2018. Slurry erosion of steel – Review of tests, mechanisms and materials. Wear 408-409:248–73. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2018.05.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keshavamurthy, R., B. E. Naveena, C. S. Ramesh, and M. R. Haseebuddin. 2021. Evaluation of slurry erosive wear performance of plasma-sprayed flyash-TiO2 composite coatings. Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion 7 (3):1–16. doi: 10.1007/s40735-021-00525-4.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, K., A. Kumar, and V. Singh. 2019. Optimization of process parameters for erosion wear in slurry pipeline. In Advances in Engineering Design, 131–40. Singapore: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-6469-3_12.
   Google Scholar
• Leong, Y. K., J. Teo, E. Teh, J. Smith, J. Widjaja, J. X. Lee, A. Fourie, M. Fahey, and R. Chen. 2012. Controlling attractive interparticle forces via small anionic and cationic additives in kaolin clay slurries. Chemical Engineering Research and Design 90 (5):658–66. doi: 10.1016/j.cherd.2011.09.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansouri, A., H. Arabnejad, S. A. Shirazi, and B. S. McLaury. 2014. A combined CFD/experimental methodology for erosion prediction. Wear 332-333:1090–7. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2014.11.025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayes, W. M., I. T. Burke, H. I. Gomes, D. Anton, M. Molnár, V. Feigl, and E. Ujaczki. 2016. Advances in understanding environmental risks of red mud after the Ajka Spill, Hungary. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 2 (4):332–43. doi: 10.1007/S40831-016-0050-Z/TABLES/4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michaelides, E., C. T. Crowe, and J. D. Schwarzkopf. 2016. Multiphase flow handbook. New York: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Miedema, S. A. 2014. A head loss model for homogeneous slurry transport for medium sized particles. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 63 (1):1–12. doi: 10.1515/johh-2015-0005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miedema, S. A., and R. C. Ramsdell. 2020. Slurry transport fundamentals, a historical overview & the delft head loss & limit deposit velocity framework-2nd edition. World Dredging 52:30–5.
   Google Scholar
• Miedema, S. A., and R. C. Ramsdell. 2015. The Limit Deposit Velocity model, a new approach. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 63 (4):273–86. doi: 10.1515/johh-2015-0034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, J. 1993. The Miller Number-A Review. Philadelphia: ASTM International.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, J. 1987. Slurry erosion: Uses, applications, and test methods: A symposium. In: ASTM International 946.
   Google Scholar
• Mishra, D. P., and S. K. Das. 2014. Comprehensive characterization of pond ash and pond ash slurries for hydraulic stowing in underground coal mines. Particulate Science and Technology 32 (5):456–65. doi: 10.1080/02726351.2014.894162.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, S., and T. Myers. 2007. The laminar-turbulent transition of yield stress fluids in large pipes. Mathematics in Industry Study Group, University of Witwatersrand :1–19.
   Google Scholar
• More, S. R., D. V. Bhatt, and J. V. Menghani. 2017. Recent research status on erosion wear - An overview. Materials Today: Proceedings 4 (2):257–66. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.01.020.
   Google Scholar
• More, S. R., S. P. Ingole, D. V. Bhatt, and J. V. Menghani. 2019. The study of slurry erosion wear behaviour of coal bottom ash slurry handling pipeline. In 148th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 697–710. Springer International Publishing. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-05861-6_68.
   Google Scholar
• Moreira, V., F. Silva, V. Quintao, F. Siqueira, F. Kaelber, S. Meinhold, J. Schenk, and A. Costa. 2018. Abrasiveness of mining slurries: Influence of the morphology, concentration of slurries, mean grain size and nature of the abrasive particles. In 3rd International Brazilian Conference on Tribology.
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen, Q. D., and D. V. Boger. 1992. Measuring the flow properties of yield stress fluids. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 24 (1):47–88. doi: 10.1146/annurev.fl.24.010192.000403.
   Google Scholar
• Okita, R., Y. Zhang, B. S. McLaury, and S. A. Shirazi. 2012. Experimental and computational investigations to evaluate the effects of fluid viscosity and particle size on erosion damage. Journal of Fluids Engineering 134 (6): 061301 doi: 10.1115/1.4005683.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasad, V., S. P. Mehrotra, and P. Thareja. 2022. Rheological characteristics of concentrated Indian coal ash slurries and flow through pipelines. Construction and Building Materials 361:129624. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4140976.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasad, V., S. P. Mehrotra, and P. Thareja. 2019. Influence of additives, particle size, and incorporation of coarse particles on the shear rheology of concentrated Indian coal ash slurries. Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering 14 (5):e2358. doi: 10.1002/apj.2358.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rai, S., K. L. Wasewar, and A. Agnihotri. 2017. Treatment of alumina refinery waste (red mud) through neutralization techniques: A review. Waste Management & Research: The Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA 35 (6):563–80. doi: 10.1177/0734242X17696147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Recknagle, K. P., and Y. Onishi. 1999. Transport of Tank 241-SY-101 Waste Slurry : Effects of Dilution and Temperature on Critical Pipeline Velocity. Pacific Northwest National Lab., No. PNNL-12217.
   Google Scholar
• Sadighian, A. 2016. Investigating key parameters affecting slurry pipeline erosion.
   Google Scholar
• Samal, S., A. K. Ray, and A. Bandopadhyay. 2013. Proposal for resources, utilization and processes of red mud in India—A review. International Journal of Mineral Processing 118:43–55. doi: 10.1016/j.minpro.2012.11.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez-Juny, M., A. Triadú, A. Paterson, and E. Bladé. 2021. Determination of limit deposition velocity and viscosity in waste brines transported in pipelines. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice 12 (3):04021023. doi: 10.1061/(asce)ps.1949-1204.0000560.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos De Oliveira, I. S., A. Van Den Noort, J. T. Padding, W. K. Den Otter, and W. J. Briels. 2011. Alignment of particles in sheared viscoelastic fluids. The Journal of Chemical Physics 135 (10):104902. doi: 10.1063/1.3633701.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaan, J., R. J. Sumner, R. G. Gillies, and C. A. Shook. 2000. The effect of particle shape on pipeline friction for Newtonian slurries of fine particles. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 78 (4):717–25. doi: 10.1002/cjce.5450780414.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senapati, P., B. Mishra, A. Sahu, and V. Kumar. 2011. Effective composition of high concentration fly ash-bottom ash mixture slurry for efficient disposal through pipelines. Applied Rheology 21 (2):23480. doi: 10.3933/ApplRheol-21-23480.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shayya, W. H., S. S. Sablani, and A. Campo. 2005. Explicit calculation of the friction factor for non-Newtonian fluids using artificial neural networks. Developments in Chemical Engineering and Mineral Processing 13 (1-2):5–20. doi: 10.1002/apj.5500130102.
   Google Scholar
• Shook, C. A., and M. C. Roco. 1991. Slurry flow: Principles and practice. Boston, USA: Butterworth-Heinemann.
   Google Scholar
• Sinevic, V., R. Kuboi, and A. W. Nienow. 1986. Power numbers, numbers vortices in viscous Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Chemical Engineering Science 41 (11):2915–23. doi: 10.1016/0009-2509(86)80022-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, V., S. Kumar, and S. K. Mohapatra. 2019. Modelling of erosion wear of sand water slurry flow through pipe bend using CFD. Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics 12 (3):679–87. doi: 10.29252/jafm.12.03.29199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha, S. L., S. K. Dewangan, and A. Sharma. 2017. A review on particulate slurry erosive wear of industrial materials: In context with pipeline transportation of mineral − slurry. Particulate Science and Technology 35 (1):103–18. doi: 10.1080/02726351.2015.1131792.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slatter, P. T. 2007. The hydraulic transportation of thickened sludges. Water SA 30 (5):614–6. doi: 10.4314/wsa.v30i5.5169.
   Google Scholar
• Sochi, T. 2011. Slip at Fluid-Solid Interface. Polymer Reviews 51 (4):309–40. doi: 10.1080/15583724.2011.615961.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souza Pinto, T. C., D. Moraes Junior, P. T. Slatter, and L. S. Leal Filho. 2014. Modelling the critical velocity for heterogeneous flow of mineral slurries. International Journal of Multiphase Flow 65:31–7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2014.05.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparrow, E. M., W. D. Munro, and V. K. Jonsson. 1974. Instability of the flow between rotating cylinders: The wide gap problem. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 20 (1):35–46. doi: 10.1017/S0022112064001008.
   Google Scholar
• Sun, L., X. Zhang, W. Tan, M. Zhu, R. Liu, and C. Li. 2010. Rheology of pyrite slurry and its dispersant for the biooxidation process. Hydrometallurgy 104 (2):178–85. doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2010.06.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swamee, P. K., and N. Aggarwal. 2011. Explicit equations for laminar flow of herschel-bulkley fluids. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 89 (6):1426–33. doi: 10.1002/cjce.20484.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torrance, B. 1963. Friction factors for turbulent non-Newtonian fluid flow in circular pipes. South African Mechanical Engineering 13:89–91.
   Google Scholar
• Turian, R. M., F. L. Hsu, and T. W. Ma. 1987. Estimation of the critical velocity in pipeline flow of slurries. Powder Technology 51 (1):35–47. doi: 10.1016/0032-5910(87)80038-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S. H., J. Jiang, and M. M. Stack. 2015. Methodology development for investigation of slurry abrasion corrosion by integrating an electrochemical cell to a Miller tester. Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion 1 (2):1–9. doi: 10.1007/s40735-015-0009-9.
   Google Scholar
• Wasp, E., J. Kenny, and R. Gandhi. 1977. Solid-liquid flow: Slurry pipeline transportation. Bulk Material Handling Series, Trans Tech Publications 1 (4): 9–16
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, K., G. Addie, A. Sellgren, and R. Clift. 2006. Slurry transport using centrifugal pumps. New York: Springer Science & Business Media.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, H., X. Liang, and Z. Deng. 2013. Numerical simulation on typical parts erosion of the oil pressure pipeline. Thermal Science 17 (5):1349–53. doi: 10.2298/TSCI1305349W.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, J. H., J. Z. Liu, Y. J. Yu, R. K. Wang, J. H. Zhou, and K. F. Cen. 2015. Improving slurryability, rheology, and stability of slurry fuel from blending petroleum coke with lignite. Petroleum Science 12 (1):157–69. doi: 10.1007/S12182-014-0008-3/TABLES/6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar