245
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Preliminary Research on the Analytical and Volatile Profiles of Beers Produced with Raw Malt and Roasted Specialty Malts

, ORCID Icon &
Pages 109-119 | Received 29 Sep 2022, Accepted 10 May 2023, Published online: 15 Jun 2023

Literature cited

  • Iimure, T.; Sato, K. Beer Proteomics Analysis for Beer Quality Control and Malting Barley Breeding. Food Res. Int. 2013, 54, 1013–1020. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.11.028.
  • da Silva, G. A.; Augusto, F.; Poppi, R. J. Exploratory Analysis of the Volatile Profile of Beers by HS–SPME–GC. Food Chem. 2008, 111, 1057–1063. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.05.022.
  • Gonçalves, J. L.; Figueira, J. A.; Rodrigues, F. P.; Ornelas, L. P.; Branco, R. N.; Silva, C. L.; Câmara, J. S. A Powerful Methodological Approach Combining Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction, Mass Spectrometry and Multivariate Analysis for Profiling the Volatile Metabolomic Pattern of Beer Starting Raw Materials. Food Chem. 2014, 160, 266–280. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.065.
  • Haefliger, O. P.; Jeckelmann, N. Stripping of Aroma Compounds during Beer Fermentation Monitored in Real-Time Using an Automatic Cryotrapping Sampling System and Fast Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Anal. Methods 2013, 5, 4409–4418. DOI: 10.1039/c3ay40647d.
  • Riu-Aumatell, M.; Miró, P.; Serra-Cayuela, A.; Buxaderas, S.; López-Tamames, E. Assessment of the Aroma Profiles of Low-Alcohol Beers Using HS-SPME–GC-MS. Food Res. Int. 2014, 57, 196–202. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.016.
  • Rossi, S.; Sileoni, V.; Perretti, G.; Marconi, O. Characterization of the Volatile Profiles of Beer Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2014, 94, 919–928. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6336.
  • Pires, E. J.; Teixeira, J. A.; Brányik, T.; Brandão, T.; Vicente, A. A. Continuous Beer Fermentation–Diacetyl as a Villain. J. Inst. Brew. 2015, 121, 55–61. DOI: 10.1002/jib.205.
  • Briggs, D. E.; Brookes, P. A.; Stevens, R. B. C. A.; Boulton, C. A. Brewing: Science and Practice. Woodhead Publishing: Cambridge, UK, 2004; Vol. 108.
  • Alvim, R. P. R.; de Cássia Oliveira Gomes, F.; Garcia, C. F.; de Lourdes Almeida Vieira, M.; de Resende Machado, A. M. Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds Extracted by Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction in Specialty Beers Produced in Brazil. J. Inst. Brew. 2017, 123, 219–225. DOI: 10.1002/jib.416.
  • Hernández Becerra, E.; Contreras Jiménez, B.; Vuelvas Solorzano, A.; Millan Malo, B.; Muñoz Torres, C.; Oseguera Toledo, M. E.; Rodriguez Garcia, M. E. Physicochemical and Morphological Changes in Corn Grains and Starch during the Malting for Palomero and Puma Varieties. Cereal Chem. 2020, 97, 404–415.
  • Bamforth, C. W. Adjuncts. In The Oxford Companion to Beer; Oxford University. Press: New York, 2012; pp 11–13.
  • Coghe, S.; Adriaenssens, B.; Leonard, S.; Delvaux, F. R. Fractionation of Colored Maillard Reaction Products from Dark Specialty Malts. J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 2004, 62, 79–86. DOI: 10.1094/ASBCJ-62-0079.
  • Mallett, J. Malt: A Practical Guide from Field to Brewhouse; Brewers Publications: Boulder, CO, 2014; Vol. 4.
  • Soares, N. Tempo de Mudança. Engarrafador Moderno, São Caetano do Sul, 2011, Vol. 205, pp 14–22.
  • Almeida e Silva, J. B. Tecnologia de Bebidas: Matéria-Prima, Processamento. BPF/APPCC: Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2005.
  • Alves, M. D. M.; Rosa, M. D. S.; Santos, P. P. A. D.; Paz, M. F. D.; Morato, P. N.; Fuzinatto, M. M. Artisanal Beer Production and Evaluation Adding Rice Flakes and Soursop Pulp (Annona muricata L.). Food Sci. Technol. 2020, 40, 545–549. DOI: 10.1590/fst.36119.
  • Poreda, A.; Czarnik, A.; Zdaniewicz, M.; Jakubowski, M.; Antkiewicz, P. Corn Grist Adjunct–Application and Influence on the Brewing Process and Beer Quality. J. Inst. Brew. 2014, 120, 77–81. DOI: 10.1002/jib.115.
  • Cadenas, R.; Caballero, I.; Nimubona, D.; Blanco, C. A. Brewing with Starchy Adjuncts: Its Influence on the Sensory and Nutritional Properties of Beer. Foods 2021, 10, 1726. DOI: 10.3390/foods10081726.
  • Gasiński, A.; Kawa-Rygielska, J.; Szumny, A.; Czubaszek, A.; Gąsior, J.; Pietrzak, W. Volatile Compounds Content, Physicochemical Parameters, and Antioxidant Activity of Beers with Addition of Mango Fruit (Mangifera indica). Molecules 2020, 25, 3033. DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133033.
  • Maia, C.; Cunha, S.; Debyser, W.; Cook, D. Impacts of Adjunct Incorporation on Flavor Stability Metrics at Early Stages of Beer Production. J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 2023, 81, 54–65. DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2021.1993054.
  • Gonzalez Viejo, C.; Fuentes, S.; Torrico, D. D.; Howell, K.; Dunshea, F. R. Assessment of Beer Quality Based on a Robotic Pourer, Computer Vision, and Machine Learning Algorithms Using Commercial Beers. J. Food Sci. 2018, 83, 1381–1388. DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14114.
  • Saville, R.; Kazuoka, T.; Shimoguchi, N. N.; Hatanaka, K. Recognition of Japanese Sake Quality Using Machine Learning Based Analysis of Physicochemical Properties. J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 2022, 80, 146–154. DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2021.1939973.
  • Evans, D. E.; Goldsmith, M.; Dambergs, R.; Nischwitz, R. A Comprehensive Revaluation of Small-Scale Congress Mash Protocol Parameters for Determining Extract and Fermentability. J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 2011, 69, 13–27. DOI: 10.1094/ASBCJ-2011-0111-01.
  • Caputi, A.; Ueda, M.; Brown, T. Spectrophotometric Determination of Ethanol in Wine. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 1968, 19, 160–165. DOI: 10.5344/ajev.1968.19.3.160.
  • Amerine, M. A.; Roessler, E. B. Wines, Their Sensory Evaluation. WH Freeman: New York, NY, 1976.
  • Miller, G. L. Use of Dinitrosalicylic Acid Reagent for Determination of Reducing Sugar. Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 426–428. DOI: 10.1021/ac60147a030.
  • Dubois, M.; Gilles, K. A.; Hamilton, J. K.; Rebers, P. A.; Smith, F. Colorimetric Method for the Determination of Sugars and Related Substances. Anal. Chem. 1956, 28, 350–356. DOI: 10.1021/ac60111a017.
  • Lee, Y. P.; Takahashi, T. An Improved Colorimetric Determination of Amino Acids with the Use of Ninhydrin. Anal. Biochem. 1966, 14, 71–77. DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(66)90057-1.
  • Polshettiwar, S. A.; Ganjiwale, R. O.; Wadher, S. J.; Yeole, P. G. Spectrophotometric Estimation of Total Tannins in Some Ayurvedic Eye Drops. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 2007, 69, 574. DOI: 10.4103/0250-474X.36949.
  • Sánchez-Moreno, C.; Larrauri, J. A.; Saura-Calixto, F. Free Radical Scavenging Capacity and Inhibition of Lipid Oxidation of Wines, Grape Juices and Related Polyphenolic Constituents. Food Res. Int. 1999, 32, 407–412. DOI: 10.1016/S0963-9969(99)00097-6.
  • Bamforth, C. W. Scientific Principles of Malting and Brewing. American Society of Brewing Chemists: St. Paul, MN, 2006.
  • Liscomb, C.; Bies, D.; Hansen, R. Specialty Malt Contributions to Wort and Beer. J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chemists 2015, 52, 181–190.
  • Hill, A. E.; Stewart, G. G. Free Amino Nitrogen in Brewing. Fermentation 2019, 5, 22. DOI: 10.3390/fermentation5010022.
  • Jones, B. L.; Budde, A. D. How Various Malt Endoproteinase Classes Affect Wort Soluble Protein Levels. J. Cereal Sci. 2005, 41, 95–106. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2004.09.007.
  • Castro, L. F.; Affonso, A. D.; Lehman, R. M. Impact of Specialty Malts on Wort and Beer Characteristics. Fermentation, 2021, 7, 137. DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030137.
  • Čechovská, L.; Konečný, M.; Velíšek, J.; Cejpek, K. Effect of Maillard Reaction on Reducing Power of Malts and Beers. Czech J. Food Sci. 2012, 30, 548–556. DOI: 10.17221/288/2012-CJFS.
  • Coghe, S.; Vanderhaegen, B.; Pelgrims, B.; Basteyns, A. V.; Delvaux, F. R. Characterization of Dark Specialty Malts: New Insights in Color Evaluation and Pro-and Antioxidative Activity. J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 2003, 61, 125–132. DOI: 10.1094/ASBCJ-61-0125.
  • Yu, W.; Quek, W. P.; Li, C.; Gilbert, R. G.; Fox, G. P. Effects of the Starch Molecular Structures in Barley Malts and Rice Adjuncts on Brewing Performance. Fermentation 2018, 4, 103. DOI: 10.3390/fermentation4040103.
  • Bamforth, C. Beer: Tap into the Art and Science of Brewing. Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 2009.
  • Carvalho, D. O.; Correia, E.; Lopes, L.; Guido, L. F. Further Insights into the Role of Melanoidins on the Antioxidant Potential of Barley Malt. Food Chem. 2014, 160, 127–133. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.074.
  • De Keukeleire, D. Fundamentals of Beer and Hop Chemistry. Quím. Nova 2000, 23, 108–112. DOI: 10.1590/S0100-40422000000100019.
  • Quifer-Rada, P.; Vallverdú-Queralt, A.; Martínez-Huélamo, M.; Chiva-Blanch, G.; Jáuregui, O.; Estruch, R.; Lamuela-Raventós, R. A Comprehensive Characterisation of Beer Polyphenols by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC–ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS). Food Chem. 2015, 169, 336–343. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.154.
  • Leitao, C.; Marchioni, E.; Bergaentzlé, M.; Zhao, M.; Didierjean, L.; Miesch, L.; Holder, E.; Miesch, M.; Ennahar, S. Fate of Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity of Barley throughout Malting and Brewing. J. Cereal Sci. 2012, 55, 318–322. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.01.002.
  • Shopska, V.; Denkova-Kostova, R.; Dzhivoderova-Zarcheva, M.; Teneva, D.; Denev, P.; Kostov, G. Comparative Study on Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Different Malt Types. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1124. DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071124.
  • Shellhammer, T. Hop Components and Their Impact on the Bitterness Quality of Beer. Hop Flavor and Aroma, Proceedings of the 1st International Brewers Symposium, OR, U.S.A., 2006, pp 9–10.
  • Hoffmann, F. L. Limiting Factors to the Proliferation of Microorganisms in Food. Brazil Foods 2001, 9, 23–30.
  • Venturini, W. G. F.; Cereda, M. P. Cerveja. In Biotecnologia Industrial: Biotecnologianaprodução de Alimentos; Aquarone, E., Borzani, W., Schimidell, W., Lima, U., Eds.; Edgard Blucher: São Paulo, 2001; pp 91–144.
  • Zapata, P. J.; Martínez-Esplá, A.; Gironés-Vilaplana, A.; Santos-Lax, D.; Noguera-Artiaga, L.; Carbonell-Barrachina, A. A. Phenolic, Volatile, and Sensory Profiles of Beer Enriched by Macerating Quince Fruits. LWT 2019, 103, 139–146. DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.01.002.
  • Ivanova, V.; Stefova, M.; Vojnoski, B.; Stafilov, T.; Bíró, I.; Bufa, A.; Felinger, A.; Kilár, F. Volatile Composition of Macedonian and Hungarian Wines Assessed by GC/MS. Food Bioprocess Technol. 2013, 6, 1609–1617. DOI: 10.1007/s11947-011-0760-y.
  • Kuo, C. H.; Chiang, S. H.; Ju, H. Y.; Chen, Y. M.; Liao, M. Y.; Liu, Y. C.; Shieh, C. J. Enzymatic Synthesis of Rose Aromatic Ester (2-Phenylethyl Acetate) by Lipase. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2012, 92, 2141–2147. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5599.
  • Humia, B. V.; Santos, K. S.; Barbosa, A. M.; Sawata, M.; Mendonça, M. D. C.; Padilha, F. F. Beer Molecules and Its Sensory and Biological Properties: A Review. Molecules 2019, 24, 1568. DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081568.
  • Zhang, Y.; Jia, S.; Zhang, W. Predicting Acetic Acid Content in the Final Beer Using Neural Networks and Support Vector Machine. J. Inst. Brew. 2012, 118, 361–367. DOI: 10.1002/jib.50.
  • Siebert, T. E.; Smyth, H. E.; Capone, D. L.; Neuwöhner, C.; Pardon, K. H.; Skouroumounis, G. K.; Herderich, M. J.; Sefton, M. A.; Pollnitz, A. P. Stable Isotope Dilution Analysis of Wine Fermentation Products by HS-SPME-GC-MS. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2005, 381, 937–947. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2992-4.
  • Ruvalcaba-López, J. M.; Córdova-Fraga, T.; de la Rosa-Alvarez, G.; Murillo-Ortiz, B. O.; Martínez-Espinosa, J. C.; Guzmán-Cabrera, R.; Bernal-Alvarado, J. Qualitative Evaluation of Ferritin in Serum Samples by Raman Spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis. Lasers Med. Sci. 2019, 34, 35–40. DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2576-8.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.