64
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Evaluating the health risks of heavy metal pollution in dust storms in the city of Erbil in the Kurdistan region of Iraq

, , , &
Received 23 Aug 2023, Accepted 09 Dec 2023, Published online: 25 Dec 2023

References

  • Abed SA, Kadhum SA, Ewaid SH, AL-Ansari N. 2020. Bioaccumulation and health risk assessment of severe metal pollution of street dust from various urban regions in Baghdad, Iraq, E3S Web of Conferences, 2020. EDP Sciences. Proceedings of the 2019 7th International Conference on Environment Pollution and Prevention (ICEPP 2019); March 23.Vol. 158, p. 05004. doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202015805004.
  • Adriano DC, Adriano DC. 2001. Nickel. Springer.
  • AL-Ansari N. 2021. Topography and climate of Iraq. J Earth Sci & Geotech Engi. 11:1–13. doi: 10.47260/jesge/1121.
  • Alfaro MR, Montero A, Ugarte OM, Do Nascimento CWA, De Aguiar Accioly AM, Biondi CM, Da Silva YJAB. 2015. Background concentrations and reference values for heavy metals in soils of Cuba. Environ Monit Assess. 187(1):1–10. doi: 10.1007/s10661-014-4198-3.
  • Alghamdi AG, EL-Saeid MH, Alzahrani AJ, IBRAHIM HM, Bashir S. 2022. Heavy metal pollution and associated health risk assessment of urban dust in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. PLoS ONE. 17(1):e0261957. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261957.
  • Ali MM, Hossain D, Khan MS, Begum M, Osman MH, Nazal M, Zhao H. 2021. Environemntal Pollution with Heavy Metals: A Public Health Concern. Heavy Metals Their Environmental Impacts and Mitigation. London- United Kingdom: IntechOpen, British Library Cataloguing.
  • AL-Saleem HHH, Ibraheem NT, Khaleed OL. 2019. AIR QUALITY BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER DUST STORMS IN BAGHDAD, IRAQ. Plant Arch. 19:3671–3678.
  • AL-Sarraj E, Eskandera MZ, AL-Taee SK. 2022. Heavy metal pollution in Iraqi rivers and impact on human and fish health: a review. Biol Appl Environ Res. 6(2):95–112. doi: 10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.95.
  • Alwadei M, Srivastava D, Alam MS, Shi Z, BLOSS WJ. 2022. Chemical characteristics and source apportionment of particulate matter (PM2. 5) in Dammam, Saudi Arabia: impact of dust storms. Atmos Envir X. 14:100164. doi: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2022.100164.
  • Amjadian K, Pirouei M, Mehr MR, Shakeri A, Rasool SK, Haji DI. 2018. Contamination, health risk, mineralogical and morphological status of street dusts-case study: Erbil metropolis, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Environ Pollut. 243:1568–1578. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.116.
  • Awadh SM. 2012. Geochemistry and mineralogical composition of the airborne particles of sand dunes and dust storms settled in Iraq and their environmental impacts. Environ Earth Sci. 66(8):2247–2256. doi: 10.1007/s12665-011-1445-6.
  • Bertinato J, L’abbé MR. 2004. Maintaining copper homeostasis: regulation of copper-trafficking proteins in response to copper deficiency or overload. J Nutr Biochem. 15(6):316–322. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.02.004.
  • Birch G. 2013. 14.24 use of sedimentary-metal indicators in assessment of Estuarine System health Treatise on Geomorphology. Treatise on Geomorphology. Vol. 14. Academic Press; p. 282–291. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00392-4.
  • Bishay F. 2003. Towards sustainable agricultural development in Iraq. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/612827?ln=es.
  • Bulska E, Wagner B. 2016. Quantitative aspects of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Phil Trans R Soc A. 374(2079):20150369. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0369.
  • Cepa C. 2007. Canadian soil quality guidelines for the protection of environmental and human health. Quebec Canada: National Guidelines and Standards Office. p. 1–13. https://ccme.ca/en/res/polychlorinated-dioxins-and-furans-pcdd_fs-canadian-soil-quality-guidelines-for-the-protection-of-environmental-and-human-health-en.pdf.
  • Chen Y, Wu P, Shao Y, Ying Y. 2014. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables grown around battery production area. Sci Agr. 71(2):126–132. doi: 10.1590/S0103-90162014000200006.
  • Chu E, Karr J. 2017. Environmental impact: Concept, consequences, measurement. Ref Module In Life Sci. 1–22. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.02380-3.
  • De Miguel E, Izquierdo M, Gómez A, Mingot J, Barrio‐Parra F. 2017. Risk assessment from exposure to arsenic, Antimony, and Selenium in Urban Gardens (Madrid, Spain). Enviro Toxic Chem. 36(2):544–550. doi: 10.1002/etc.3569.
  • Enuneku A, Omoruyi O, Tongo I, Ogbomida E, Ogbeide O, Ezemonye L. 2018. Evaluating the potential health risks of heavy metal pollution in sediment and selected benthic fauna of Benin River, Southern Nigeria. Appl Water Sci. 8(8):1–13. doi: 10.1007/s13201-018-0873-9.
  • Faisal M, Wu Z, Wang H, Hussain Z, Azam MI. 2021. Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in the urban road dust of Zhengzhou metropolis, China. Atmosphere. 12(9):1213. doi: 10.3390/atmos12091213.
  • Ferreira-Baptista L, DE Miguel E. 2005. Geochemistry and risk assessment of street dust in Luanda, Angola: a tropical Urban environment. Atmos Environ. 39(25):4501–4512. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.026.
  • Gul HK, Gullu G, Babaei P, Nikravan A, Kurt-Karakus PB, Salihoglu G. 2023. Assessment of house dust trace elements and human exposure in Ankara, Turkey. Environ Sci Pollut R. 30(3):7718–7735. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-22700-x.
  • Guo G, Lei M, Wang Y, Song B, Yang J. 2018. Accumulation of As, Cd, and Pb in sixteen wheat cultivars grown in contaminated soils and associated health risk assessment. Int J Env Res Pub He. 15(11):2601. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15112601.
  • Haleem A, Amin S, Mahdi R. 2022. Assessment of health risk and geo-accumulation of toxic heavy metals in side-road dust from Urban Areas of Baghdad city. Pub Health Toxico. 2(3):1–10. doi: 10.18332/pht/153466.
  • Hassan IF, AL-Khuzaie DKK, Kzaal RS, HASSAN WF, ABDULNABI ZA. 2021. Spatial and temporal distribution of heavy metals in dust fallout in Basra city/Iraq. Proceedings of the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science; Baghdad, Iraq & Istanbul, Turkey. IOP Publishing. p. 012070.
  • Hassan RO, Othman HO, Ali DS, Abdullah FO, Darwesh DA. 2023. Assessment of the health risk posed by toxic metals in commonly consumed legume brands in Erbil, Iraq. J Food Compos Anal. 120:105282. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105282.
  • Kadhum SA. 2020. A preliminary study of heavy metals pollution in the sandy dust storms and its human risk assessment from middle and south of Iraq. Environ Sci Pollut R. 27(8):8570–8579. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-07380-4.
  • Kobler M 2013. Dust storms of Iraq, UN Secretary General for Iraq, a ministerial meeting in Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Mccarthy M, Birney E. 2021. Personalized profiles for disease risk must capture all facets of health. Nature. 597(7875):175–177. doi: 10.1038/d41586-021-02401-0.
  • Meng Y, Cave M, Zhang C. 2020. Identifying geogenic and anthropogenic controls on different spatial distribution patterns of aluminium, calcium and lead in urban topsoil of Greater London Authority area. Chemosphere. 238:124541. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124541.
  • Mugudamani I, OKE SA, GUMEDE TP. 2022. Influence of urban informal settlements on trace element accumulation in road dust and their possible health implications in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa. Toxics. 10(5):253. doi: 10.3390/toxics10050253.
  • Muller G. 1969. Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River. Geojournal. 2:108–118.
  • Nazarpour A, Ghanavati N, Watts MJ. 2018. Spatial distribution and human health risk assessment of mercury in street dust resulting from various land-use in Ahvaz, Iran. Environ Geochem Health. 40(2):693–704. doi: 10.1007/s10653-017-0016-5.
  • Nordberg GF, Bernard A, Diamond GL, Duffus JH, Illing P, NORDBERG M, Bergdahl IA, JIN T, Skerfving S. 2018. Risk assessment of effects of cadmium on human health (IUPAC technical report). Pure Appl Chem. 90(4):755–808. doi: 10.1515/pac-2016-0910.
  • Pansu M, Gautheyrou J, Loyer J-Y. 2001. Soil analysis: sampling, instrumentation and quality control. Rotterdam: AA Balkema.
  • Patrick-Iwuanyanwu K, Chioma NC. 2017. Evaluation of heavy metals content and human health risk assessment via consumption of vegetables from selected markets in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Biochem Anal Biochem. 6(3):2161–1009.1000332. doi: 10.4172/2161-1009.1000332.
  • Sadeghdoust F, Ghanavati N, Nazarpour A, Babaenejad T, Watts MJ. 2020. Hazard, ecological, and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in street dust in dezful, Iran. Arab J Geosci. 13(17):1–14. doi: 10.1007/s12517-020-05915-5.
  • Sissakian V, AL-Ansari N, Knutsson S 2013. Sand and dust storm events in Iraq. Journal of Natural Science, 5, 1084–1094.
  • Skorbiłowicz M, Trybułowski L, Skorbiłowicz E. 2023. Spatial distribution and pollution level of heavy metals in street dust of the city of Suwałki (Poland). International J Envir Res & Pub Health. 20:4687.
  • Song Z, Li H, LI L, Ding J, Meng J. 2021. Iron isotopes and trace element compositions of magnetite from the submarine volcanic-hosted iron deposits in East Tianshan, NW China: new insights into the mineralization processes. J Earth Sci. 32(1):219–234. doi: 10.1007/s12583-020-1060-0.
  • Sun G, Li Z, Bi X, Chen Y, LU S, Yuan X. 2013. Distribution, sources and health risk assessment of mercury in kindergarten dust. Atmos Environ. 73:169–176. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.03.017.
  • Tang Y, Han G. 2017. Characteristics of major elements and heavy metals in atmospheric dust in Beijing, China. J Geochem Explor. 176:114–119. doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.12.002.
  • Tchokossa P, Olomo J, Balogun F, Adesanmi C. 2013. Radiological study of soils in oil and gas producing areas in Delta State, Nigeria. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 153(1):121–126. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncs101.
  • Turekian KK, Wedepohl KH. 1961. Distribution of the elements in some major units of the earth’s crust. Geol Soc Am Bull. 72(2):175–192. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[175:DOTEIS]2.0.CO;2.
  • USEPA, I. 1993. Reference dose (RfD): description and use in health risk assessments, background document 1A, Integrated risk information System (IRIS). USEPA Washington DC.
  • USEPA, M. Guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment. Risk Assessment Forum US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC EPA/630/P-03 F, 2005.
  • Viard B, PIHAN F, PROMEYRAT S, PIHAN J-C. 2004. Integrated assessment of heavy metal (Pb, Zn, Cd) highway pollution: bioaccumulation in soil, graminaceae and land snails. Chemosphere. 55(10):1349–1359. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.01.003.
  • Wang X, Sato T, Xing B, Tao S. 2005. Health risks of heavy metals to the general public in Tianjin, China via consumption of vegetables and fish. Sci Total Environ. 350:28–37. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.09.044.
  • Waste, U. S. E. P. A. O. O. S. & RESPONSE, E. 1986. Test methods for evaluating solid waste: physical/chemical methods. Washington DC 20460: US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
  • Wei X, GAO B, Wang P, ZHOU H, LU J. 2015. Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in street dusts from different functional areas in Beijing, China. Ecotox Environ Safe. 112:186–192. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.11.005.
  • Wikoff D, Thompson C, Perry C, White M, Borghoff S, Fitzgerald L, Haws LC. 2015. Development of toxicity values and exposure estimates for tetrabromobisphenol A: application in a margin of exposure assessment. J Appl Toxicol. 35(11):1292–1308. doi: 10.1002/jat.3132.
  • Yang Z, Lu W, Long Y, Bao X, Yang Q. 2011. Assessment of heavy metals contamination in urban topsoil from Changchun city, China. J Geochem Explor. 108(1):27–38. doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.09.006.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.