Early childhood practicum students’ perceptions and experiences of a remote directed fieldwork course during the COVID-19 pandemic

References

• Ainley, J., and R. Carstens. 2018. “Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2018 Conceptual Framework”. OECD Education Working Papers 187. doi:10.1787/799337c2-en.
   Google Scholar
• Arnott, L., and N. Yelland. 2020. “Multimodal Lifeworlds: Pedagogies for Play Inquiries and Explorations.” Journal of Early Childhood Education Research 9 (1): 124–146.
   Google Scholar
• Aronin, S., and K. K. Floyd. 2013. “Using an IPad in Inclusive Preschool Classrooms to Introduce STEM Concepts.” Teaching Exceptional Children 45 (4): 34–39.
   Google Scholar
• Blackwell, C. K., A. R. Lauricella, and E. Wartella. 2014. “Factors Influencing Digital Technology Use in Early Childhood Education.” Computers & Education 77: 82–90. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2014.04.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bray, J. N., J. Lee, L. L. Smith, and L. Yorks. 2000. Collaborative Inquiry in Practice: Action, Reflection, and Making Meaning. New York, NY: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Buettner, C. K., E. H. Hur, L. Jeoni, and D. W. Andrews. 2016. “What are We Teaching the Teachers? Child Development Curricula in US Higher Education.” Child & Youth Care Forum 45: 155–175. doi:10.1007/s10566-015-9323-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burroughs, G., A. Lewis, D. Battey, M. Curran, N. E. Hyland, and S. Ryan. 2020. “From Mediated Fieldwork to Co-Constructed Partnerships: A Framework for Guiding and Reflecting on P-12 School–University Partnerships.” Journal of Teacher Education 71 (1): 122–134. doi:10.1177/0022487119858992.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campana K. J. Mills, C. Haines, T. Prendergast, and M. Martens. 2019. “To Tech or Not to Tech? The Debate about Technology.” Young Children, and the Library. Children and Libraries 17 (2): 20. doi:10.5860/cal.17.2.20.
   Google Scholar
• Cochran-Smith, M., A. M. Villegas, L. W. Abrams, L. C. Chávez-Moreno, T. Mills, and R. Stern. 2016. “Research on Teacher Preparation: Charting the Landscape of a Sprawling Field.” In Handbook of Research on Reaching, edited by D. H. Gitomer, and C. A. Bell, 439–548. Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association.
   Google Scholar
• Couse, L. J., and D. W. Chen. 2010. “A Tablet Computer for Young Children? Exploring its Viability for Early Childhood Education.” Journal of Research on Technology in Education 43 (1): 75–96. doi:10.1080/15391523.2010.10782562.
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W., and V. L. Plano Clark. 2007. Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Deng, L., G. Zhu, G. Li, Z. Xu, A. Rutter, and H. Rivera. 2018. “Student Teachers’ Emotions, Dilemmas, and Professional Identity Formation Amid the Teaching Practicums.” The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher 27 (6): 441–453. doi:10.1007/s40299-018-0404-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong, C., S. Cao, and H. Lia. 2020. “Young Children’s Online Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic: Chinese Parents’ Beliefs and Attitudes.” Children and Youth Services Review 118, doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dore, R. A., and J. M. Dynia. 2020. “Technology and Media Use in Preschool Classrooms: Prevalence, Purposes, and Contexts.” Frontiers in Education 5, doi:10.3389/feduc.2020.600305.
   Google Scholar
• Dornisch, M. 2013. “The Digital Divide in Classrooms: Teacher Technology Comfort and Evaluations.” Computers in the Schools 30: 210–228. doi:10.1080/07380569.2012.734432.
   Google Scholar
• Edwards, S. 2016. “New Concepts of Play and the Problem of Technology, Digital Media and Popular-Culture Integration with Play-Based Learning in Early Childhood Education.” Technology, Pedagogy and Education 25 (4): 513–532. doi:10.1080/1475939X.2015.1108929.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galindo-Domínguez, H., and M. J. Bezanilla. 2021. “Digital Competence in the Training of Pre-Service Teachers: Perceptions of Students in the Degrees of Early Childhood Education and Primary Education.” Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education 37 (4): 262–278. doi:10.1080/21532974.2021.1934757.
   Google Scholar
• Hodges, C., S. Moore, B. Lockee, T. Trust, and A. Bond. 2020. The Difference Between Emergency Remote Teaching and Online Learning. Educause Review. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/104648.
   Google Scholar
• Holstrom, L., S. Ruiz, and G. Weller. 2007. “A New View: Reflection and Student Teacher Growth Through an E-Practicum Model.” E-Learning and Digital Media 4: 5–14. doi:10.2304/elea.2007.4.1.5.
   Google Scholar
• Hudson, P. 2007. “Examining Mentors' Practices for Enhancing Preservice Teachers' Pedagogical Development in Mathematics and Science.” Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning 15: 201–217. doi:10.1080/13611260601086394.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, A. V., J. La Paro, and D. A. Crosby. 2017. “Early Practicum Experiences: Preservice Early Childhood Students’ Perceptions and Sense of Efficacy.” Early Childhood Education Journal 45: 229–236. doi:10.1007/s10643-016-0771-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiper-Marquez, A., E. Wolfe, C. Clymer, J. Lee, E. G. McLean, E. Prins, and T. Stickel. 2020. “On the Fly: Adapting Quickly to Emergency Remote Instruction in a Family Literacy Programme.” International Review of Education 66: 691–713. doi:10.1007/s11159-020-09861-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. 2020. “Learning and Teaching Online During Covid-19: Experiences of Student Teachers in an Early Childhood Education Practicum.” International Journal of Early Childhood 52: 145–158. doi:10.1007/s13158-020-00272-6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Linn, V., and G. Jacobs. 2015. “Inquiry-Based Field Experiences: Transforming Early Childhood Teacher Candidates’ Effectiveness.” Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education 36: 272–288. doi:10.1080/10901027.2015.1100143.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ly-Hoang, K., V. Y. Sun, and S. H. Ulanoff. 2022. “Using TPACK and T3 Lenses to Promote and Support Science Online Learning Experiences in Early Childhood.” In Teaching and Learning Online: Science for Elementary Grade Levels, edited by F. S. Allaire and J. E. Killham, 69–92. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing (IAP).
   Google Scholar
• Martín S. C., M. C. González, and F. J. G. Peñalvo. 2020. “Digital Competence of Early Childhood Education Teachers: Attitude, Knowledge and Use of ICT.” European Journal of Teacher Education 43 (2): 210–223. doi:10.1080/02619768.2019.1681393.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masoumi, D. 2021. “Situating ICT in Early Childhood Teacher Education.” Education and Information Technologies 26 (3): 3009–3026. doi:10.1007/s10639-020-10399-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morse, J. M. 1991. “Approaches to Qualitative-Quantitative Methodological Triangulation.” Nursing Research 40: 120–123. doi:10.1097/00006199-199103000-00014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Association for the Education of Young Children [NAEYC]. 2019. Professional Standards and Competencies for Early Childhood Educators. Retrieved from https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/position-statements/standards_and_competencies_ps.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• National Association for the Education of Young Children [NAEYC]. 2020. From on Campus to Online: The Impact of the Pandemic on ECE Higher Education Programs. https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/topics/covid_higher_ed_brief.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ntuli, E. 2017. “Evaluation of Instructional Technology: A Case Study of Early Childhood Teacher Candidates.” Open Journal for Educational Research 1 (1): 1–14. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1225929.
   Google Scholar
• Otterborn, A., K. Schönborn, and M. Hultén. 2019. “Surveying Preschool Teachers’ Use of Digital Tablets: General and Technology Education Related Findings.” International Journal of Technology and Design Education 29 (4): 717–737.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pila, S., C. K. Blackwell, A. R. Lauricella, and E. Wartella. 2019. Technology in the Lives of Educators and Early Childhood Programs: 2018 Survey. Evanston, IL: Center on Media and Human Development, Northwestern University. https://cmhd.northwestern.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/NAEYC-Report-2019.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Plano Clark, V. L., and N. V. Ivankova. 2016. Mixed Methods Research: A Guide to the Field. New York, NY: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Sheingold, K. 1991. “Restructuring for Learning with Technology: The Potential for Synergy.” Phi Delta Kappan 73 (1): 17–27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slutsky, R., G. Kragh-Müller, K. Rentzou, M. Tuul, M. G. Guven, D. Foerch, and J. Paz-Albo. 2021. “A Cross-Cultural Study on Technology Use in Preschool Classrooms: Early Childhood Teacher’s Preferences, Time-use, Impact and Association with Children’s Play.” Early Child Development and Care 191 (5): 713–725. doi:10.1080/03004430.2019.1645135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, S., L. Burrow, K. Fite, and L. Guerra. 2016. “Considering Instructional Appropriateness of Technology Integration Into Early Childhood Education.” International Journal of the Whole Child 1 (2): 13–29. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1213377.
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO, UNICEF and the World Bank. 2020. Survey on National Education Responses to COVID-19 School Closures, Round 2. Paris, New York, Washington D.C.: UNESCO, UNICEF, World Bank. https://data.unicef.org/resources/remote-learning-reachability-factsheet/.
   Google Scholar
• Wee, S., E. Weber, and S. Park. 2014. “Early Childhood Practicum Students' Professional Growth in the USA: Areas of Confidence and Concern.” International Journal of Early Years Education 22 (4): 409–422. doi:10.1080/09669760.2014.911644.
   Google Scholar
• Whitaker, T., M. W. Good, and K. Whitaker. 2019. Classroom Management from the Ground Up. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Yıldırım, B. 2021. “Preschool Education in Turkey During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Phenomenological Study.” Early Childhood Education Journal 49: 947–963.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar