Effect of time restricted feeding on anthropometric measures, eating behavior, stress, serum levels of BDNF and LBP in overweight/obese women with food addiction: a randomized clinical trial

References

• Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, Thomson B, Graetz N, Margono C, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2013. Lancet. 2014;384(9945):766–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pursey KM, Gearhardt AN, Burrows TL. The relationship between “food addiction” and visceral adiposity in young females. Physiol Behav. 2016;157:9–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cope EC, Gould E. New evidence linking obesity and food addiction. Biol Psychiatry. 2017;81(9):734–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appel LJ, Clark JM, Yeh H-C, Wang N-Y, Coughlin JW, Daumit G, et al. Comparative effectiveness of weight-loss interventions in clinical practice. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(21):1959–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pursey KM, Stanwell P, Gearhardt AN, Collins CE, Burrows TL. The prevalence of food addiction as assessed by the Yale food addiction scale: a systematic review. Nutrients. 2014;6(10):4552–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor VH, Curtis CM, Davis C. The obesity epidemic: the role of addiction. Cmaj. 2010;182(4):327–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allison KC, Grilo CM, Masheb RM, Stunkard AJ. Binge eating disorder and night eating syndrome: a comparative study of disordered eating. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005;73(6):1107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moghaddam SAP, Amiri P, Saidpour A, Hosseinzadeh N, Abolhasani M, Ghorbani A. The prevalence of food addiction and its associations with plasma oxytocin level and anthropometric and dietary measurements in Iranian women with obesity. Peptides. 2019;122:170151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedram P, Wadden D, Amini P, Gulliver W, Randell E, Cahill F, et al. Food addiction: its prevalence and significant association with obesity in the general population. PloS one. 2013;8(9):e74832.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gearhardt AN, Boswell RG, White MA. The association of “food addiction” with disordered eating and body mass index. Eat Behav. 2014;15(3):427–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masheb RM, Ruser CB, Min KM, Bullock AJ, Dorflinger LM. Does food addiction contribute to excess weight among clinic patients seeking weight reduction? Examination of the modified Yale food addiction survey. Compr Psychiatry. 2018;84:1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerma-Cabrera JM, Carvajal F, Lopez-Legarrea P. Food addiction as a new piece of the obesity framework. Nutr J. 2015;15(1):1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Burmeister JM, Hinman N, Koball A, Hoffmann DA, Carels RA. Food addiction in adults seeking weight loss treatment. Implications for psychosocial health and weight loss. Appetite. 2013;60:103–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulte EM, Potenza MN, Gearhardt AN. A commentary on the “eating addiction” versus “food addiction” perspectives on addictive-like food consumption. Appetite. 2017;115:9–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Eguilaz MHR, de Morentin Aldabe BM, Almiron-Roig E, Pérez-Diez S, Blanco RSC, Navas-Carretero S, et al. Multisensory influence on eating behavior: hedonic consumption. Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed). 2018;65(2):114–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homan P, Grob S, Milos G, Schnyder U, Eckert A, Lang U, et al. The role of BDNF, leptin, and catecholamines in reward learning in bulimia nervosa. Int J Neuropsuchopharmacolog. 2015;18(5).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spetter MS, Hallschmid M. Current findings on the role of oxytocin in the regulation of food intake. Physiol Behav. 2017;176:31–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thienel M, Fritsche A, Heinrichs M, Peter A, Ewers M, Lehnert H, et al. Oxytocin’s inhibitory effect on food intake is stronger in obese than normal-weight men. Int J Obes. 2016;40(11):1707–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monteleone P, Maj M. Dysfunctions of leptin, ghrelin, BDNF and endocannabinoids in eating disorders: beyond the homeostatic control of food intake. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013;38(3):312–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkinson T. Central and peripheral neuroendocrine peptides and signalling in appetite regulation: considerations for obesity pharmacotherapy. Obes Rev. 2008;9(2):108–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis C, Moghimi E. ‘Oxytocin deficiency’: implications for the food-addiction construct. Curr Addict Rep. 2017;4(2):158–64.
   Google Scholar
• Rios M. BDNF and the central control of feeding: accidental bystander or essential player? Trends Neurosci. 2013;36(2):83–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lebrun B, Bariohay B, Moyse E, Jean A. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and food intake regulation: a minireview. Auton Neurosci-Basic. 2006;126-127:30–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordeira J, Rios M. Weighing in the role of BDNF in the central control of eating behavior. Mol Neurobiol. 2011;44(3):441–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashimoto K, Koizumi H, Nakazato M, Shimizu E, Iyo M. Role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in eating disorders: recent findings and its pathophysiological implications. Prog Neuro-Psychopharm. 2005;29(4):499–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celik Guzel E, Bakkal E, Guzel S, Eroglu HE, Acar A, Kuçukyalcin V, et al. Can low brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels be a marker of the presence of depression in obese women? Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014;10:2079–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuo FC, Lee CH, Hsieh CH, Kuo P, Chen YC, Hung YJ. Lifestyle modification and behavior therapy effectively reduce body weight and increase serum level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in obese non-diabetic patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2013;209(2):150–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta A, Osadchiy V, Mayer EA. Brain-gut-microbiome interactions in obesity and food addiction. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;17(11):655–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novelle MG. Decoding the role of gut-microbiome in the food addiction paradigm. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(13):6825.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokhtari Z, Karbaschian Z, Pazouki A, Kabir A, Hedayati M, Mirmiran P, et al. The effects of probiotic supplements on blood markers of endotoxin and lipid peroxidation in patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery; a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial with 13 months follow-up. Obes Surg. 2019;29(4):1248–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zweigner J, Schumann RR, Weber JR. The role of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in modulating the innate immune response. Microbes Infect. 2006;8(3):946–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maqsood R, Stone TW. The gut-brain axis, BDNF, NMDA and CNS disorders. Neurochem Res. 2016;41(11):2819–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Sullivan E, Barrett E, Grenham S, Fitzgerald P, Stanton C, Ross RP, et al. BDNF expression in the hippocampus of maternally separated rats: does Bifidobacterium breve 6330 alter BDNF levels? Benefic Microbes. 2011;2(3):199–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang W, Meng Z, Li N, Liu Y, Li L, Chen D, et al. Roles of gut microbiota in the regulation of hippocampal plasticity, inflammation, and hippocampus-dependent behaviors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;10(876).
   Google Scholar
• Liang S, Wang T, Hu X, Luo J, Li W, Wu X, et al. Administration of lactobacillus helveticus NS8 improves behavioral, cognitive, and biochemical aberrations caused by chronic restraint stress. Neuroscience. 2015;310:561–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savignac HM, Corona G, Mills H, Chen L, Spencer JP, Tzortzis G, et al. Prebiotic feeding elevates central brain derived neurotrophic factor, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits and D-serine. Neurochem Int. 2013;63(8):756–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres-Fuentes C, Schellekens H, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. The microbiota–gut–brain axis in obesity. Lancet Gastr Hepat. 2017;2(10):747–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang H, An JJ, Sun C, Xu B. Regulation of energy balance via BDNF expressed in nonparaventricular hypothalamic neurons. Mol Endocrinol. 2016;30(5):494–503.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Novelle MG. Decoding the role of gut-microbiome in the food addiction paradigm. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(13).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van de Wouw M, Schellekens H, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Microbiota-gut-brain axis: modulator of host metabolism and appetite. J Nutr. 2017;147(5):727–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aoun A, Darwish F, Hamod N. The influence of the gut microbiome on obesity in adults and the role of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for weight loss. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2020;25(2):113.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Angoorani P, Ejtahed H-S, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Siadat SD, Soroush AR, Larijani B. Gut microbiota modulation as a possible mediating mechanism for fasting-induced alleviation of metabolic complications: a systematic review. Nutr Metab. 2021;18(1):1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Zeb F, Wu X, Chen L, Fatima S, Chen A, Xu C, et al. Time-restricted feeding is associated with changes in human gut microbiota related to nutrient intake. Nutrition. 2020;78:110797.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeb F, Wu X, Chen L, Fatima S, Haq IU, Chen A, et al. Effect of time-restricted feeding on metabolic risk and circadian rhythm associated with gut microbiome in healthy males. Br J Nutr. 2020;123(11):1216–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarrinpar A, Chaix A, Yooseph S, Panda S. Diet and feeding pattern affect the diurnal dynamics of the gut microbiome. Cell Metab. 2014;20(6):1006–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regmi P, Heilbronn LK. Time-restricted eating: benefits, mechanisms, and challenges in translation. Iscience. 2020;23(6):101161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irani H, Khodami B, Abiri B, Saidpour A. Effect of time restricted feeding on anthropometric measures, eating behavior, stress, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels in women with overweight/obesity and food addiction: a study protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Trials. 2022;23(1):482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gearhardt AN, Corbin WR, Brownell KD. Preliminary validation of the Yale food addiction scale. Appetite. 2009;52(2):430–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelishadi R, Ardalan G, Gheiratmand R, Gouya MM, Razaghi EM, Delavari A, et al. Association of physical activity and dietary behaviours in relation to the body mass index in a national sample of Iranian children and adolescents: CASPIAN study. Bull W H O. 2007;85(1):19–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983: 385–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen S, Kessler RC, Gordon LU. Measuring stress: a guide for health and social scientists. Oxford: University Press on Demand; 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Mostafavi S-A, Akhondzadeh S, Mohammadi MR, Eshraghian MR, Hosseini S, Chamari M, et al. The reliability and validity of the persian version of three-factor eating questionnaire-R18 (TFEQ-R18) in overweight and obese females. Iran J Psychiatry. 2017;12(2):100.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cappelleri J, Bushmakin A, Gerber R, Leidy N, Sexton C, Lowe M, et al. Psychometric analysis of the three-factor eating questionnaire-R21: results from a large diverse sample of obese and non-obese participants. Int J Obes. 2009;33(6):611–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amodio D, D'Amico M, Meret L, Gaizo A, Laviano A. Time restricted feeding (TRF) enhances weight loss efficiency in dietary restricted women with metabolic syndrome. Clin Nutr. 2016;35(1):S39.
   Google Scholar
• Bains G, Lohman E, Moh M, Daher N, Berk L. Four weeks of 16: 8 time-restricted feeding on stress, sleep, quality of life, hunger level, and body composition in healthy adults: a pilot study on wellness optimization. J Wellness. 2021;3(2):10.
   Google Scholar
• Cherif A, Roelands B, Meeusen R, Chamari K. Effects of intermittent fasting, caloric restriction, and ramadan intermittent fasting on cognitive performance at rest and during exercise in adults. Sports Med. 2016;46(1):35–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cienfuegos S, Gabel K, Kalam F, Ezpeleta M, Wiseman E, Pavlou V, et al. Effects of 4- and 6-h time-restricted feeding on weight and cardiometabolic health: a randomized controlled trial in adults with obesity. Cell Metab. 2020;32(3):366–78.e3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currenti W, Godos J, Castellano S, Caruso G, Ferri R, Caraci F, et al. Time-restricted feeding is associated with mental health in elderly Italian adults. Chronobiol Int. 2021;38(10):1507–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe DA, Wu N, Rohdin-Bibby L, Moore AH, Kelly N, Liu YE, et al. Effects of time-restricted eating on weight loss and other metabolic parameters in women and men with overweight and obesity: the TREAT randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(11):1491–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng Y, Liu W, Wang J, Yu J, Yang LQ. Intermittent fasting improves lipid metabolism through changes in gut microbiota in diet-induced obese mice. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e926789.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabel K, Hoddy KK, Haggerty N, Song J, Kroeger CM, Trepanowski JF, et al. Effects of 8-hour time restricted feeding on body weight and metabolic disease risk factors in obese adults: A pilot study. Nutr Healthy Aging. 2018;4(4):345–53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gabel K, Varady K. Safety of 8-h time restricted feeding in adults with obesity (FS18-05-19). Curr Developments Nutr. 2019;3(Supplement_1).
   Google Scholar
• Jamshed H, Beyl RA, Della Manna DL, Yang ES, Ravussin E, Peterson CM. Early time-restricted feeding improves 24-hour glucose levels and affects markers of the circadian clock, aging, and autophagy in humans. Nutrients. 2019;11(6):1234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C, Xing C, Zhang J, Zhao H, Shi W, He B. Eight-hour time-restricted feeding improves endocrine and metabolic profiles in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome. J Transl Med. 2021;19(1):148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li G, Xie C, Lu S, Nichols RG, Tian Y, Li L, et al. Intermittent fasting promotes white adipose browning and decreases obesity by shaping the gut microbiota. Cell Metab. 2017;26(4):672–85. e4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moro T, Tinsley G, Bianco A, Marcolin G, Pacelli QF, Battaglia G, et al. Effects of eight weeks of time-restricted feeding (16/8) on basal metabolism, maximal strength, body composition, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk factors in resistance-trained males. J Transl Med. 2016;14(1):1–10.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nugraha B, Ghashang SK, Hamdan I, Gutenbrunner C. Effect of Ramadan fasting on fatigue, mood, sleepiness, and health-related quality of life of healthy young men in summer time in Germany: A prospective controlled study. Appetite. 2017;111:38–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen MK, Choi MH, Kulseng B, Zhao CM, Chen D. Time-restricted feeding on weekdays restricts weight gain: A study using rat models of high-fat diet-induced obesity. Physiol Behav. 2017;173:298–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peeke PM, Greenway FL, Billes SK, Zhang D, Fujioka K. Effect of time restricted eating on body weight and fasting glucose in participants with obesity: results of a randomized, controlled, virtual clinical trial. Nutr Diabetes. 2021;11(1):6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellegrini M, Cioffi I, Evangelista A, Ponzo V, Goitre I, Ciccone G, et al. Effects of time-restricted feeding on body weight and metabolism. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocrine Metab Disorde. 2020;21(1):17–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroder JD, Falqueto H, Mânica A, Zanini D, de Oliveira T, de Sá CA, et al. Effects of time-restricted feeding in weight loss, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in obese women. J Transl Med. 2021;19(1):3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isenmann E, Dissemond J, Geisler S. The effects of a macronutrient-based diet and time-restricted feeding (16:8) on body composition in physically active individuals-A 14-week randomised controlled trial. Nutrients. 2021;13(9).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anton SD, Moehl K, Donahoo WT, Marosi K, Lee SA, Mainous AG, 3rd, et al. Flipping the metabolic switch: understanding and applying the health benefits of fasting. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md). 2018;26(2):254–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye Y, Xu H, Xie Z, Wang L, Sun Y, Yang H, et al. Time-restricted feeding reduces the detrimental effects of a high-Fat diet, possibly by modulating the circadian rhythm of hepatic lipid metabolism and Gut microbiota. Front Nutr. 2020;7:596285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horton JD, Goldstein JL, Brown MS. SREBPs: activators of the complete program of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in the liver. J Clin Invest. 2002;109(9):1125–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kersten S, Seydoux J, Peters JM, Gonzalez FJ, Desvergne B, Wahli W. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha mediates the adaptive response to fasting. J Clin Invest. 1999;103(11):1489–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker AK, Yang F, Jiang K, Ji JY, Watts JL, Purushotham A, et al. Conserved role of SIRT1 orthologs in fasting-dependent inhibition of the lipid/cholesterol regulator SREBP. Genes Dev. 2010;24(13):1403–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker AK, Jacobs RL, Watts JL, Rottiers V, Jiang K, Finnegan DM, et al. A conserved SREBP-1/phosphatidylcholine feedback circuit regulates lipogenesis in metazoans. Cell. 2011;147(4):840–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabel K, Hoddy KK, Varady KA. Safety of 8-h time restricted feeding in adults with obesity. Appl Physiol, Nutr Metab = Physiol Appl Nutr et Metab. 2019;44(1):107–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seidler K, Barrow M. Intermittent fasting and cognitive performance – targeting BDNF as potential strategy to optimise brain health. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2022;65:100971.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason C, de Dieu Tapsoba J, Duggan C, Wang C-Y, Alfano CM, McTiernan A. Eating behaviors and weight loss outcomes in a 12-month randomized trial of diet and/or exercise intervention in postmenopausal women. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2019;16(1):113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alcock J, Maley CC, Aktipis CA. Is eating behavior manipulated by the gastrointestinal microbiota? evolutionary pressures and potential mechanisms. Bioessays. 2014;36(10):940–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muscogiuri G, Cantone E, Cassarano S, Tuccinardi D, Barrea L, Savastano S, et al. Gut microbiota: a new path to treat obesity. Int J Obes Suppl. 2019;9(1):10–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Narmaki E, Borazjani M, Ataie-Jafari A, Hariri N, Doost AH, Qorbani M, et al. The combined effects of probiotics and restricted calorie diet on the anthropometric indices, eating behavior, and hormone levels of obese women with food addiction: a randomized clinical trial. Nutr Neurosci. 2020: 1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim C-S, Cha L, Sim M, Jung S, Chun WY, Baik HW, et al. Probiotic supplementation improves cognitive function and mood with changes in gut microbiota in community-dwelling older adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. J Gerontol: Series A. 2021;76(1):32–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gareau MG. Chapter eleven - cognitive function and the microbiome. In: Cryan JF, Clarke G, editor. International review of neurobiology. 131. Academic Press; 2016. p. 227–46.
   Google Scholar
• Dong TS, Mayer EA, Osadchiy V, Chang C, Katzka W, Lagishetty V, et al. A distinct brain-gut-microbiome profile exists for females with obesity and food addiction. Obesity. 2020;28(8):1477–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang X, Liu J, Chen Y, Xu M, Zhang Q, Mi Y, et al. Effects of mobile application-based dietary intervention on weight loss and food addiction in overweight or obese people. Chinese J Health Manag. 2020: 55–61.
   Google Scholar
• Pepino MY, Stein RI, Eagon JC, Klein S. Bariatric surgery-induced weight loss causes remission of food addiction in extreme obesity. Obesity. 2014;22(8):1792–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bueter M, Miras AD, Chichger H, Fenske W, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR, et al. Alterations of sucrose preference after roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Physiol Behav. 2011;104(5):709–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan SH, Lobley GE, Holtrop G, Ince J, Johnstone AM, Louis P, et al. Human colonic microbiota associated with diet, obesity and weight loss. Int J Obes. 2008;32((11):1720–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong LC, Tap J, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Pelloux V, Basdevant A, Bouillot JL, et al. Gut microbiota after gastric bypass in human obesity: increased richness and associations of bacterial genera with adipose tissue genes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98(1):16–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ley RE, Turnbaugh PJ, Klein S, Gordon JI. Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity. Nature. 2006;444(7122):1022–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathes CM, Spector AC. Food selection and taste changes in humans after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: a direct-measures approach. Physiol Behav. 2012;107(4):476–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madison A, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Stress, depression, diet, and the gut microbiota: human-bacteria interactions at the core of psychoneuroimmunology and nutrition. Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2019;28:105–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishida K, Sawada D, Kuwano Y, Tanaka H, Sugawara T, Aoki Y, et al. Daily administration of paraprobiotic lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 ameliorates chronic stress-associated symptoms in Japanese medical students. J Funct Foods. 2017;36:112–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tillisch K, Labus J, Kilpatrick L, Jiang Z, Stains J, Ebrat B, et al. Consumption of fermented milk product with probiotic modulates brain activity. Gastroenterology. 2013;144(7):1394–401. 401.e1-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo Y, Luo S, Ye Y, Yin S, Fan J, Xia M. Intermittent fasting improves cardiometabolic risk factors and alters gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;106(1):64–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Remely M, Tesar I, Hippe B, Gnauer S, Rust P, Haslberger A. Gut microbiota composition correlates with changes in body fat content due to weight loss. Benefic Microbes. 2015;6(4):431–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santacruz A, Marcos A, Wärnberg J, Martí A, Martin-Matillas M, Campoy C, et al. Interplay between weight loss and gut microbiota composition in overweight adolescents. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md). 2009;17(10):1906–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar