References
- Agresti, A. (1996). An introduction to categorical data analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
- Barnea, A., Ronen, J., & Sadan, S. (1976). Classificatory smoothing of income with extraordinary items. The Accounting Review, 51(1), 110–122.
- Barth, M. E., Elliott, J. A., & Finn, M. W. (1999). Market rewards associated with patterns of increasing earnings. Journal of Accounting Research, 37(2), 387–413. https://doi.org/10.2307/2491414
- Barua, A., Lin, S., & Sbaraglia, A. M. (2010). Earnings management using discontinued operations. The Accounting Review, 85(5), 1485–1509. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2010.85.5.1485
- Beyer, B., Guragai, B., & Rapley, E. T. (2021). Discontinued operations and analyst forecast accuracy. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 57(2), 595–627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11156-021-00956-7
- Bradshaw, M. T., & Sloan, R. G. (2002). GAAP versus The Street: An empirical assessment of two alternative definitions of earnings. Journal of Accounting Research, 40(1), 41–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.00038
- Brown, L. D., & Caylor, M. L. (2005). A temporal analysis of quarterly earnings thresholds: Propensities and valuation consequences. The Accounting Review, 80(2), 423–440. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2005.80.2.423
- Collins, D. W., & Kothari, S. P. (1989). An analysis of intertemporal and cross-sectional determinants of earnings response coefficients*. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 11, 143–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-4101(89)90004-9
- Curtis, A., McVay, S., & Wolfe, M. (2014). An analysis of the implications of discontinued operations for continuing income. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 33(2), 190–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2014.01.002
- DeFond, M., & Zhang, J. (2014). A review of archival auditing research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 58(2–3), 275–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2014.09.002
- Degeorge, F., Patel, J., & Zeckhauser, R. (1999). Earnings management to exceed thresholds. The Journal of Business, 72(1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1086/209601
- Dickins, D., O’Reilly, D., McCarthy, M., & Schneider, D. (2017, February). Reporting of Discontinued Operations. Past, Present, and Future. The CPA Journal. [Online]. https://www.cpajournal.com/2017/02/15/reporting-of-discontinued-operations-past-present-and-future/
- Fairfield, P. M., Sweeney, R. J., & Yohn, T. L. (1996). Accounting classification and the predictive content of earnings. The Accounting Review, 71(3), 337–355. https://www.jstor.org/stable/248292
- Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). (2001a). Statement No. 144 Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. [Online]. https://www.fasb.org/page/PageContent?pageId=/reference-library/superseded-standards.html&isStaticPage=true&bcPath=tff
- Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). (2001b). Summary of Statement No. 144. [Online]. https://www.fasb.org/page/PageContent?pageId=/reference-library/superseded-standards/summary-of-statement-no-144.html&bcpath=tff
- Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). (2014). Accounting standards update 2014-08. [Online]. https://www.fasb.org/page/PageContent?pageId=/standards/accounting-standards-updates-issued.html
- Financial Reporting Council. (2017, December). Audit Quality Thematic Review: Materiality. Retrieved from https://media.frc.org.uk/documents/Audit_Quality_Thematic_Review_-_Materiality.pdf
- Frank, C. (2020). Discontinued operations under IFRS – interpretation and management. [Online]. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/706824
- IFRS Interpretation Committee (IFRIC). (2016). IFRIC Update January 2016. [Online]. https://cdn.ifrs.org/-/media/feature/news/updates/ifrs-ic/2016/ifric-update-january-2016.pdf
- International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). (2022a). IFRS 5 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations. In The Annotated IFRS Standards. London: IFRS Foundation.
- International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). (2022b). IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors. In The Annotated IFRS Standards. London: IFRS Foundation.
- International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). (2022c). Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations – Basis for Conclusions. In The Annotated IFRS Standards. London: IFRS Foundation.
- International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). (2022d). The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. In The Annotated IFRS Standards. London: IFRS Foundation.
- International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). (2023). Resources for academics. Evidence-based standard-setting. [Online]. https://www.ifrs.org/academics/#evidence-based-standard-setting
- International Accounting Standards Council. (1998). International Accounting Standard IAS 35 Discontinuing Operations. [Online]. https://www.ifrs.org/issued-standards/list-of-standards/#bound-volumes—translations
- Ji, Y., Potepa, J., & Rozenbaum, O. (2020). The effect of ASU 2014–08 on the use of discontinued operations to manage earnings. Review of Accounting Studies, 25(4), 1201–1229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-020-09535-y
- Jiang, J. (2008). Beating earnings benchmarks and the cost of debt. The Accounting Review, 83(2), 377–416. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2008.83.2.377
- Kaplan, S. E., Kenchington, D. G., & Wenzel, B. S. (2020). The valuation of discontinued operations and its effect on classification shifting. The Accounting Review, 95(4), 291–311. https://doi.org/10.2308/tar-2016-0235
- Keller, G., & Warrack, B. (2003). Statistics for management and economics (6th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Thomson/Brooks/Cole.
- Kormendi, R., & Lipe, R. (1987). Earnings innovations, earnings persistence, and stock returns. The Journal of Business, 60(3), 323–345. https://doi.org/10.1086/296400
- Lipe, R. C. (1986). The Information contained in the components of earnings. Journal of Accounting Research, 24, 37–64. https://doi.org/10.2307/2490728
- Marx, B., Van der Watt, A., Bourne, P., & Moloi, T. (2019). Dynamic auditing (14th ed.). Johannesburg: LexisNexis.
- Matsunaga, S. R., & Park, C. W. (2001). The effect of missing a quarterly earnings benchmark on the CEO’s annual bonus. The Accounting Review, 76(3), 313–332. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2001.76.3.313
- McVay, S. E. (2006). Earnings management using classification shifting: An examination of core earnings and special items. The Accounting Review, 81(3), 501–531. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2006.81.3.501
- Mpact Limited Group. (2021). MPact Limited Group Audited consolidated annual financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2021. https://www.mpact.co.za/investor-relations/financial-reports
- Rapaccioli, D., & Schiff, A. (1991). Reporting Sales of Segments Under APB Opinion No. 30. Accounting Horizons, 5(4), 53–59.
- Riedl, E. J., & Srinivasan, S. (2010). Signaling firm performance through financial statement presentation: An analysis using special items. Contemporary Accounting Research, 27(1), 289–332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2010.01009.x
- Ronen, J., & Sadan, S. (1975). Classificatory smoothing: Alternative income models. Journal of Accounting Research, 13, 133–149. https://doi.org/10.2307/2490652
- Stadler, C., & Nobes, C. W. (2014). The influence of country, industry, and topic factors on IFRS policy choice. Abacus, 50(4), 386–421. https://doi.org/10.1111/abac.12035