Enhancement of a Virtual Reality Wheelchair Simulator to Include Qualitative and Quantitative Performance Metrics

REFERENCES

• Americans with Disabilities Act. (2002). Retrieved from http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/adahom1.htm
   Google Scholar
• Backman , A. and Holmlund , K. 2005 . Colosseum 3D—Authoring framework for virtual environments , Aalborg, Denmark : Paper presented at the IPT and EGVE Eurographics Workshop .
   Google Scholar
• Bennett , L. 1987 . Powered wheelchair bucking . Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development , 24 ( 2 ) : 81 – 86 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cooper , R. A. 1993 . Stability of a wheelchair controlled by a human pilot . IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering , 1 : 193 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• Cooper , R. A. , Ding , D. , Simpson , R. , Fitzgerald , S. G. , Spaeth , D. M. Guo , S. 2005 . Virtual reality and computer enhanced training applied to wheeled mobility: An overview of work in Pittsburgh . Assistive Technology , 17 : 159 – 170 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper , R. A. , Fletcher-Shaw , T. L. and Robertson , R. N. 1998 . Model reference adaptive control of heart rate during wheelchair ergometry . IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology , 6 : 507 – 514 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper , R. A. and MacLeish , M. 1992 . Racing wheelchair roll stability while turning: A simple model . Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development , 29 ( 2 ) : 23 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper , R. A. , Spaeth , D. M. , Jones , D. K. , Boninger , M. L. , Fitzgerald , S. G. and Guo , S. 2002 . Comparison of virtual and real electric powered wheelchair driving using a position sensing joystick and isometric joystick . Medical Engineering and Physics , 24 : 703 – 708 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiGiovine , C. P. , Cooper , R. A. and Boninger , M. L. 2001 . Dynamic calibration of a wheelchair dynamometer . Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development , 38 ( 1 ) : 41 – 55 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Disability Discrimination Act. (1995). Retrieved from http://www.disability.gov.uk/dda/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Forrest , G. and Gombas , G. 1995 . Wheelchair accessible housing: Its role in cost containment in spinal cord injury . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 76 : 450 – 452 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaal , R. P. , Rebholtz , N. , Hotchkiss , R. D. and Pfaelzer , R. D. 1997 . Wheelchair rider injuries: Causes and consequences for wheelchair design and selection . Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development , 34 ( 1 ) : 58 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant , M. , Harrison , C. S. and Conway , B. A. 2004 . Wheelchair simulation , Cambridge, , England : Paper presented at the Cambridge Workshop on Universal Access and Assistive Technology .
   Google Scholar
• Guo , S. , Grindle , G. G. , Authier , E. L. , Cooper , R. A. , Fitzgerald , S. G. Kelleher , A. 2006 . Development and qualitative assessment of the GAMECycle exercise system . IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering , 14 : 83 – 90 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison , C. S. , Dall , P. , Grant , P. M. , Granat , M. H. , Maver , T. W. and Conway , B. A. 2000 . Development of a wheelchair virtual reality platform for use in evaluating wheelchair access , Alghero, Sardinia : Paper presented at the 3rd International Conference on Disability, Virtual Reality, and Associated Technologies .
   Google Scholar
• Harrison , C. S. , Grant , M and Conway , B. A. 2004 . A haptic interface for wheelchair navigation in virtual worlds . Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments , 13 : 520 – 534 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofstad , M. and Patterson , P. 1994 . Modelling the propulsion characteristics of a standard wheelchair . Journal of Rehabilitation Research Development , 31 ( 2 ) : 129 – 137 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hood , V. L. , Granat , M. H. , Maxwell , D. J. and Hasler , J. P. 2002 . A new method of using heart rate to represent energy expenditure: The Total Heart Beat Index . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 83 : 1266 – 1273 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwata , H. 1999 . The Torus Treadmill: Realizing locomotion in VEs . IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications , 19 ( 6 ) : 30 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kauzlarich , J. L. and Thacker , J. G. 1987 . A theory of wheelchair wheelie performance . Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development , 24 ( 2 ) : 67 – 70 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kirby , R. L. , Ackroyd-Stolarz , S. A. , Brown , M. G. , Kirkland , S. A. and McLeod , D. A. 1994 . Wheelchair related accidents caused by tips and falls among noninstitutionalized users of manually propelled wheelchairs in Nova Scotia . American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 73 : 319 – 330 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirby , R. L. , Sampson , M. T. , Thoren , F. A. V. and MacLeod , D. A. 1995 . Wheelchair stability: Effect of body position . Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development , 32 ( 4 ) : 367 – 372 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maxhall , M. , Backman , A. , Holmlund , K. , Hedman , L. , Sondell , B. and Bucht , G. 2004 . Participants responses to a stroke training simulator , Oxford, , England : Paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Disability, Virtual Reality, and Associated Technologies .
   Google Scholar
• Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. (2004). Device bulletin. Retrieved from http://www.mhra.gov.uk/
   Google Scholar
• Morris , T. , Trimble , J. and Crandall , B. . Barrier-free design . Paper presented at 7th Annual Conference on Tech. and Persons with Disabilities . Los Angeles, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Mukherjee , G. and Samanta , A. 2001 . Physiological response to the ambulatory performance of hand-rim and arm-crank propulsion systems . Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development , 38 ( 4 ) : 391 – 399 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connor , T. J. , Cooper , R. A. , Fitzgerald , S. G. , Dvorznak , M. J. , Boninger , M. L. VanSickle , D. P. 2000 . Evaluation of a manual wheelchair interface to computer games . Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair , 14 : 21 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair, J. (2000). Virtual way to improve wheelchair access. Retrieved from http://www.londonpress.info/
   Google Scholar
• Stott , I. and Sanders , D. 2000 . The use of virtual reality to train powered wheelchair users and test new wheelchair systems . International Journal of Rehabilitation Research , 23 : 321 – 326 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stredney , D. , Carlson , W. , Edward Swan , J. and Blostein , B. 1995 . The determination of environmental accessibility and ADA compliance through virtual wheelchair simulation . Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments , 4 : 297 – 305 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trudel , G. , Kirby , R. L. , Ackroyd-Stolarz , S.A. and Kirkland , S. 1997 . Effects of rear-wheel camber on wheelchair stability . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 78 : 78 – 81 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , P. N. , Foreman , N. and Tlauka , M. 1996 . Transfer of spatial information from a virtual to a real environment in physically disabled children . Disability and Rehabilitation Research , 18 : 633 – 637 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar