1,120
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Natural products derived from medicinal plants and microbes might act as a game-changer in breast cancer: a comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical studies

, , , , ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon, , , , , ORCID Icon & show all
Pages 11880-11924 | Published online: 15 Jul 2022

References

  • Ab Mutalib, N.-S., S. H. Wong, H.-L. Ser, A. Duangjai, J. W.-F. Law, S. Ratnakomala, L. T.-H. Tan, and V. Letchumanan. 2020. Bioprospecting of microbes for valuable compounds to mankind. Progress in Microbes & Molecular Biology 3 (1). doi: 10.36877/pmmb.a0000088.
  • Abdel-Naim, A. B., A. A. Alghamdi, M. M. Algandaby, F. A. Al-Abbasi, A. M. Al-Abd, B. G. Eid, H. M. Abdallah, and A. M. El-Halawany. 2018. Rutin Isolated from Chrozophora tinctoria enhances bone cell proliferation and ossification markers. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018:1–10. doi: 10.1155/2018/5106469.
  • Aggarwal, B. B., S. Shishodia, Y. Takada, S. Banerjee, R. A. Newman, C. E. Bueso-Ramos, and J. E. Price. 2005. Curcumin suppresses the paclitaxel-induced nuclear factor-kappaB pathway in breast cancer cells and inhibits lung metastasis of human breast cancer in nude mice. Clinical Cancer Research: An Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 11 (20):7490–8. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-1192.
  • Ahmad, A., S. Ali, A. Ahmed, A. S. Ali, A. Raz, W. A. Sakr, and K. M. W. Rahman. 2013. 3, 3’-Diindolylmethane enhances the effectiveness of herceptin against HER-2/neu-expressing breast cancer cells. PloS One 8 (1):e54657. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054657.
  • Ahmad, A., S. Ali, Z. Wang, A. S. Ali, S. Sethi, W. A. Sakr, A. Raz, and K. M. W. Rahman. 2011. 3,3’-Diindolylmethane enhances taxotere-induced growth inhibition of breast cancer cells through downregulation of FoxM1. International Journal of Cancer 129 (7):1781–91. doi: 10.1002/ijc.25839.
  • Aïssaoui, H., T. Mencherini, T. Esposito, N. De Tommasi, P. Gazzerro, S. Benayache, F. Benayache, and R. Mekkiou. 2019. Heliotropium bacciferum Forssk. (Boraginaceae) extracts: Chemical constituents, antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effect in human cancer cell lines. Natural Product Research 33 (12):1813–8. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1437433.
  • Aktas, B., M. Tewes, T. Fehm, S. Hauch, R. Kimmig, and S. Kasimir-Bauer. 2009. Stem cell and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers are frequently overexpressed in circulating tumor cells of metastatic breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Research 11 (4):R46. doi: 10.1186/bcr2333.
  • Albreht, A., I. Vovk, B. Simonovska, and M. Srbinoska. 2009. Identification of shikonin and its ester derivatives from the roots of Echium italicum L. Journal of Chromatography. A 1216 (15):3156–62. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.098.
  • Ali, K., I. Mahjabeen, M. Sabir, H. Mehmood, and M. A. Kayani. 2015. OGG1 mutations and risk of female breast cancer: Meta-analysis and experimental data. Disease Markers 2015:1–16. doi: 10.1155/2015/690878.
  • Al-Mussawi, A. A. 2010. Isolation and identification of Shikonin from Arnebia Decumbens L. and its antibacterial activity. Journal of Applied Sciences Research 6 (9):1452–6.
  • Al-Oqail, M. M. 2021. Anticancer efficacies of Krameria lappacea extracts against human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7): Role of oxidative stress and ROS generation. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal: SPJ: The Official Publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society 29 (3):244–51. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.01.008.
  • Al-Othman, N., A. Alhendi, M. Ihbaisha, M. Barahmeh, M. Alqaraleh, and B. Z. Al-Momany. 2020. Role of CD44 in breast cancer. Breast Disease 39 (1):1–13. doi: 10.3233/bd-190409.
  • Alpuim Costa, D., J. G. Nobre, M. V. Batista, C. Ribeiro, C. Calle, A. Cortes, M. Marhold, I. Negreiros, P. Borralho, M. Brito, et al. 2021. Human microbiota and breast cancer—Is there any relevant link?—a literature review and new horizons toward personalised medicine. Frontiers in Microbiology 12:357. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.584332.
  • Amorim, A. G. N., J. M. T. Souza, R. C. Santos, B. Gullón, A. Oliveira, L. F. A. Santos, A. L. E. Virgino, A. C. Mafud, H. M. Petrilli, Y. P. Mascarenhas, et al. 2018. HPLC‐DAD, ESI–MS/MS, and NMR of lycopene isolated from P. guajava L. and its biotechnological applications. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 120 (3):1700330. doi: 10.1002/ejlt.201700330.
  • Anampa, J., D. Makower, and J. A. Sparano. 2015. Progress in adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: An overview. BMC Medicine 13 (1):195. doi: 10.1186/s12916-015-0439-8.
  • Andreopoulou, E., and J. A. Sparano. 2013. Chemotherapy in patients with anthracycline and taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer: An overview. Current Breast Cancer Reports 5 (1):42–50. doi: 10.1007/s12609-012-0097-1.
  • Armulik, A., G. Genove, and C. Betsholtz. 2011. Pericytes: Developmental, physiological, and pathological perspectives, problems, and promises. Developmental Cell 21 (2):193–215. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2011.07.001.
  • Arpaia, N., C. Campbell, X. Fan, S. Dikiy, J. van der Veeken, P. deRoos, H. Liu, J. R. Cross, K. Pfeffer, P. J. Coffer, et al. 2013. Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation. Nature 504 (7480):451–5. doi: 10.1038/nature12726.
  • Assimopoulou, A. 2004. Antioxidant activities of alkannin, shikonin and Alkanna tinctoria root extracts in oil substrates. Food Chemistry 87 (3):433–8. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.12.017.
  • Bae, U.-J., M.-Y. Song, H.-Y. Jang, J. M. Lim, S. Y. Lee, J.-H. Ryu, and B.-H. Park. 2015. Emodin isolated from Rheum palmatum prevents cytokine-induced β-cell damage and the development of type 1 diabetes. Journal of Functional Foods 16:9–19. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.016.
  • Baek, S.-H., M. Park, J.-H. Suh, and H.-S. Choi. 2008. Protective effects of an extract of young radish (Raphanus sativus L) cultivated with sulfur (sulfur-radish extract) and of sulforaphane on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 72 (5):1176–82. doi: 10.1271/bbb.70545.
  • Balic, M., H. Lin, L. Young, D. Hawes, A. Giuliano, G. McNamara, R. H. Datar, and R. J. Cote. 2006. Most early disseminated cancer cells detected in bone marrow of breast cancer patients have a putative breast cancer stem cell phenotype. Clinical Cancer Research 12 (19):5615–21. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-0169.
  • Banerjee, S., T. Tian, Z. Wei, N. Shih, M. D. Feldman, K. N. Peck, A. M. DeMichele, J. C. Alwine, and E. S. Robertson. 2018. Distinct microbial signatures associated with different breast cancer types. Frontiers in Microbiology 9:951. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00951.
  • Bansal, H., R. K. Singla, S. Behzad, H. Chopra, A. S. Grewal, and B. Shen. 2021. Unleashing the potential of microbial natural products in drug discovery: Focusing on streptomyces as antimicrobials goldmine. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 21:2374–96. doi: 10.2174/1568026621666210916170110.
  • Baretta, Z., S. Mocellin, E. Goldin, O. I. Olopade, and D. Huo. 2016. Effect of BRCA germline mutations on breast cancer prognosis. Medicine 95 (40):e4975. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004975.
  • Basiglio, C. L., E. J. Sánchez Pozzi, A. D. Mottino, and M. G. Roma. 2009. Differential effects of silymarin and its active component silibinin on plasma membrane stability and hepatocellular lysis. Chemico-Biological Interactions 179 (2-3):297–303. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.12.008.
  • Bawadood, A. S., F. A. Al-Abbasi, F. Anwar, A. M. El-Halawany, and A. M. Al-Abd. 2020. 6-Shogaol suppresses the growth of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and suppressing autophagy via targeting notch signaling pathway. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie 128:110302. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.
  • Bayet-Robert, M., F. Kwiatkowski, M. Leheurteur, F. Gachon, E. Planchat, C. Abrial, M.-A. Mouret-Reynier, X. Durando, C. Barthomeuf, P. Chollet, et al. 2010. Phase I dose escalation trial of docetaxel plus curcumin in patients with advanced and metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Biology & Therapy 9 (1):8–14. doi: 10.4161/cbt.9.1.10392.
  • Berdis, A. J. 2017. Inhibiting DNA polymerases as a therapeutic intervention against cancer. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences 4. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00078.
  • Berdowska, I., B. Zieliński, I. Fecka, J. Kulbacka, J. Saczko, and A. Gamian. 2013. Cytotoxic impact of phenolics from Lamiaceae species on human breast cancer cells. Food Chemistry 141 (2):1313–21. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.090.
  • Bérdy, J. 2005. Bioactive microbial metabolites. The Journal of Antibiotics 58 (1):1–26. doi: 10.1038/ja.2005.1.
  • Bindels, L. B., P. Porporato, E. M. Dewulf, J. Verrax, A. M. Neyrinck, J. C. Martin, K. P. Scott, P. Buc Calderon, O. Feron, G. G. Muccioli, et al. 2012. Gut microbiota-derived propionate reduces cancer cell proliferation in the liver. British Journal of Cancer 107 (8):1337–44. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.409.
  • Binder, G., D. I. Iliev, A. Dufke, M. Wabitsch, R. Schweizer, M. B. Ranke, and M. Schmidt. 2005. Dominant transmission of prepubertal gynecomastia due to serum estrone excess: Hormonal, biochemical, and genetic analysis in a large kindred. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 90 (1):484–92. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-1566.
  • Bobin-Dubigeon, C., H. T. Luu, S. Leuillet, S. N. Lavergne, T. Carton, F. Le Vacon, C. Michel, H. Nazih, and J.-M. Bard. 2021. Faecal microbiota composition varies between patients with breast cancer and healthy women: A comparative case-control study. Nutrients 13 (8):2705. doi: 10.3390/nu13082705.
  • Bollag, D. M., P. A. McQueney, J. Zhu, O. Hensens, L. Koupal, J. Liesch, M. Goetz, E. Lazarides, and C. M. Woods. 1995. Epothilones, a new class of microtubule-stabilizing agents with a taxol-like mechanism of action. Cancer Research 55 (11):2325–33.
  • Bonadonna, G., E. Brusamolino, P. Valagussa, A. Rossi, L. Brugnatelli, C. Brambilla, M. De Lena, G. Tancini, E. Bajetta, R. Musumeci, et al. 1976. Combination chemotherapy as an adjuvant treatment in operable breast cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine 294 (8):405–10. doi: 10.1056/nejm197602192940801.
  • Bonorden, M. J. L., K. A. Greany, K. E. Wangen, W. R. Phipps, J. Feirtag, H. Adlercreutz, and M. S. Kurzer. 2004. Consumption of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum do not alter urinary equol excretion and plasma reproductive hormones in premenopausal women. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 58 (12):1635–42. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602020.
  • Boonyarikpunchai, W., S. Sukrong, and P. Towiwat. 2014. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of rosmarinic acid isolated from Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 124:67–73. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.05.004.
  • Brook, N., E. Brook, A. Dharmarajan, C. R. Dass, and A. Chan. 2018. Breast cancer bone metastases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 96:63–78. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.01.003.
  • Buchalter, L., and J. R. Cole. 1967. Isolation of a potential antitumor fraction from Rumex hymenosepalus (Polygonaceae) II. Identification of the active fraction. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 56 (8):1033–4. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600560830.
  • Bultman, S. J. 2014. Emerging roles of the microbiome in cancer. Carcinogenesis 35 (2):249–55. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgt392.
  • Buras, R. R., L. M. Schumaker, F. Davoodi, R. V. Brenner, M. Shabahang, R. J. Nauta, and S. R. T. Evans. 1994. Vitamin D receptors in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 31 (2-3):191–202. doi: 10.1007/BF00666153.
  • Burger, H. G. 2002. Androgen production in women. Fertility and Sterility 77:3–5. doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(02)02985-0.
  • Burstein, H. J., G. Lieberman, D. J. Slamon, E. P. Winer, and P. Klein. 2005. Isolated central nervous system metastases in patients with HER2-overexpressing advanced breast cancer treated with first-line trastuzumab-based therapy. Annals of Oncology: Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology 16 (11):1772–7. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdi371.
  • Caparica, R., M. Bruzzone, F. Poggio, M. Ceppi, E. de Azambuja, and M. Lambertini. 2019. Anthracycline and taxane-based chemotherapy versus docetaxel and cyclophosphamide in the adjuvant treatment of HER2-negative breast cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 174 (1):27–37. doi: 10.1007/s10549-018-5055-9.
  • Carausu, M., F.-C. Bidard, C. Callens, S. Melaabi, E. Jeannot, J.-Y. Pierga, and L. Cabel. 2019. ESR1 mutations: A new biomarker in breast cancer. Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics 19 (7):599–611. doi: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1631799.
  • Ceramella, J., M. R. Loizzo, D. Iacopetta, M. Bonesi, V. Sicari, T. M. Pellicanò, C. Saturnino, A. Malzert-Fréon, R. Tundis, M. S. Sinicropi, et al. 2019. Anchusa azurea Mill. (Boraginaceae) aerial parts methanol extract interfering with cytoskeleton organization induces programmed cancer cells death. Food & Function 10 (7):4280–90. doi: 10.1039/c9fo00582j.
  • Chajès, V., G. Torres-Mejía, C. Biessy, C. Ortega-Olvera, A. Angeles-Llerenas, P. Ferrari, E. Lazcano-Ponce, and I. Romieu. 2012. ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid intakes and the risk of breast cancer in Mexican women: Impact of obesity status. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 21 (2):319–26. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-0896.
  • Chang, V. C., M. Cotterchio, and E. Khoo. 2019. Iron intake, body iron status, and risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 19 (1):543. doi: 10.1186/s12885-019-5642-0.
  • Chang, Y.-S., S.-C. Kuo, S.-H. Weng, S.-C. Jan, F.-N. Ko, and C.-M. Teng. 1993. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by shikonin derivatives isolated from Arnebia euchroma. Planta Medica 59 (5):401–4. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-959718.
  • Chang, C.-H., C.-C. Lin, J.-J. Yang, T. Namba, and M. Hattori. 1996. Anti-inflammatory effects of emodin from Ventilago leiocarpa. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine 24 (2):139–42. doi: 10.1142/s0192415x96000189.
  • Charafe-Jauffret, E., C. Ginestier, F. Iovino, C. Tarpin, M. Diebel, B. Esterni, G. Houvenaeghel, J.-M. Extra, F. Bertucci, J. Jacquemier, et al. 2010. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1-positive cancer stem cells mediate metastasis and poor clinical outcome in inflammatory breast cancer. Clinical Cancer Research: An Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 16 (1):45–55. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-09-1630.
  • Chavoshi, H., V. Vahedian, S. Saghaei, M. B. Pirouzpanah, M. Raeisi, and N. Samadi. 2017. Adjuvant therapy with silibinin improves the efficacy of paclitaxel and cisplatin in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 18 (8):2243–7. doi: 10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.8.2243.
  • Chen Chen, T., S.-C. Yu, C.-M. Hsu, F.-J. Tsai, and Y. Tsai. 2018. A water-based topical Chinese traditional medicine (Zicao) for wound healing developed using 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces 165:67–73. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.02.013.
  • Chen, J., X. Liu, L. Shen, Y. Lin, and B. Shen. 2021. CMBD: A manually curated cancer metabolic biomarker knowledge database. Database (Oxford). Database 2021:baaa094. doi: 10.1093/database/baaa094.
  • Chen, A., D. Wang, X. Liu, S. He, Z. Yu, and J. U. Wang. 2012. Inhibitory effect of BMP-2 on the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Molecular Medicine Reports 6 (3):615–20. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2012.962.
  • Chen, R. S., P. L. Wu, and R. Y. Y. Chiou. 2002. Peanut Roots as a Source of Resveratrol. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50 (6):1665–7. doi: 10.1021/jf011134e.
  • Chisholm, K., B. J. Bray, and R. J. Rosengren. 2004. Tamoxifen and epigallocatechin gallate are synergistically cytotoxic to MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Anti-Cancer Drugs 15 (9):889–97. doi: 10.1097/00001813-200410000-00010.
  • Cho, R. W., X. Wang, M. Diehn, K. Shedden, G. Y. Chen, G. Sherlock, A. Gurney, J. Lewicki, and M. F. Clarke. 2008. Isolation and molecular characterization of cancer stem cells in MMTV‐ Wnt‐1 murine breast tumors. Stem Cells 26 (2):364–71. doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0440.
  • Choi, J.-H., D.-W. Kim, S.-E. Park, H.-J. Lee, K.-M. Kim, K.-J. Kim, M.-K. Kim, S.-J. Kim, and S. Kim. 2015. Anti-thrombotic effect of rutin isolated from Dendropanax morbifera Leveille. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 120 (2):181–6. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.12.012.
  • Choi, W. J., S. K. Kim, H. K. Park, U. D. Sohn, and W. Kim. 2014. Anti-inflammatory and anti-superbacterial properties of sulforaphane from shepherd’s purse. The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 18 (1):33. doi: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.1.
  • Choudhari, A. S., P. C. Mandave, M. Deshpande, P. Ranjekar, and O. Prakash. 2020. Phytochemicals in cancer treatment: From preclinical studies to clinical practice. Frontiers in Pharmacology 10 (1614). doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01614.
  • Christopoulos, P. F., P. Msaouel, and M. Koutsilieris. 2015. The role of the insulin-like growth factor-1 system in breast cancer. Molecular Cancer 14 (1):43. doi: 10.1186/s129015-0291-7.
  • Chukwujekwu, J. C., P. H. Coombes, D. A. Mulholland, and J. van Staden. 2006. Emodin, an antibacterial anthraquinone from the roots of Cassia occidentalis. South African Journal of Botany 72 (2):295–7. doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2005.08.003.
  • Chung, M.-H., D.-H. Kim, H.-K. Na, J.-H. Kim, H.-N. Kim, G. Haegeman, and Y.-J. Surh. 2014. Genistein inhibits phorbol ester-induced NF-kappaB transcriptional activity and COX-2 expression by blocking the phosphorylation of p65/RelA in human mammary epithelial cells. Mutation Research 768:74–83. doi: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.04.003.
  • Ciska, E., R. Verkerk, and J. Honke. 2009. Effect of boiling on the content of ascorbigen, indole-3-carbinol, Indole-3-acetonitrile, and 3,3′-diindolylmethane in fermented cabbage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57 (6):2334–8. doi: 10.1021/jf803477w.
  • Claessens, A. K. M., K. I. E. Ibragimova, S. M. E. Geurts, M. Bos, F. L. G. Erdkamp, and V. C. G. Tjan-Heijnen. 2020. The role of chemotherapy in treatment of advanced breast cancer: An overview for clinical practice. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 153:102988. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.
  • Coradduzza, D., T. Solinas, E. Azara, N. Culeddu, S. Cruciani, A. Zinellu, S. Medici, M. Maioli, M. Madonia, C. Carru, et al. 2022. Plasma polyamine biomarker panels: Agmatine in support of prostate cancer diagnosis. Biomolecules 12 (4):514. doi: 10.3390/biom12040.
  • Corso, G., M. Intra, C. Trentin, P. Veronesi, and V. Galimberti. 2016. CDH1 germline mutations and hereditary lobular breast cancer. Familial Cancer 15 (2):215–9. doi: 10.1007/s10689-016-9869-5.
  • Corti, S., F. Locatelli, D. Papadimitriou, C. Donadoni, S. Salani, R. Del Bo, S. Strazzer, N. Bresolin, and G. P. Comi. 2006. Identification of a primitive brain–derived neural stem cell population based on aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio) 24 (4):975–85. doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0217.
  • Costantini, L., S. Magno, D. Albanese, C. Donati, R. Molinari, A. Filippone, R. Masetti, and N. Merendino. 2018. Characterization of human breast tissue microbiota from core needle biopsies through the analysis of multi hypervariable 16S-rRNA gene regions. Scientific Reports 8 (1):1–9. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35329-z.
  • Cox, T. R., R. M. H. Rumney, E. M. Schoof, L. Perryman, A. M. Høye, A. Agrawal, D. Bird, N. A. Latif, H. Forrest, H. R. Evans, et al. 2015. The hypoxic cancer secretome induces pre-metastatic bone lesions through lysyl oxidase. Nature 522 (7554):106–10. doi: 10.1038/nature14492.
  • D R, L. 2022. Study to assess the efficacy of wheatgrass juice therapy intervention on haemoglobin level in adolescent anaemic females. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 12:30–5. doi: 10.35652/IGJPS.2022.12003.
  • da Silva, B. P., L. S. M. Velozo, and J. P. Parente. 2000. Biochanin A triglycoside from Andira inermis. Fitoterapia 71 (6):663–7. doi: 10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00228-8.
  • Dan, Z., H. Cao, X. He, Z. Zhang, L. Zou, L. Zeng, Y. Xu, Q. Yin, M. Xu, D. Zhong, et al. 2016. A pH-responsive host-guest nanosystem loading succinobucol suppresses lung metastasis of breast cancer. Theranostics 6 (3):435–45. doi: 10.7150/thno.13896.
  • Dangar, D. K., and N. J. Patel. 2021. Anti-inflammatory effect of neuracanthus sphaerostachyus Dalz. leaves on experimental colitis in rats. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 11 (1):07–14. doi: 10.35652/igjps.2021.111002.
  • De Boer, R. H., A. Chan, B. Tran, and N. Wilcken. 2011. Use of non-anthracycline regimens in early stage breast cancer in Australia. Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology 7 (1):4–10. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-7563.2010.01353.x.
  • de las Rivas, B., A. Marcobal, A. V. Carrascosa, and R. Munoz. 2006. PCR detection of foodborne bacteria producing the biogenic amines histamine, tyramine, putrescine, and cadaverine. Journal of Food Protection 69 (10):2509–14. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.10.2509.
  • De Nicola, G., P. Rollin, E. Mazzon, and R. Iori. 2014. Novel gram-scale production of enantiopure R-sulforaphane from Tuscan black kale seeds. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 19 (6):6975–86. doi: 10.3390/molecules19066975.
  • Deb, G., V. S. Thakur, A. M. Limaye, and S. Gupta. 2015. Epigenetic induction of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 by green tea polyphenols in breast cancer cells. Molecular Carcinogenesis 54 (6):485–99. doi: 10.1002/mc.22121.
  • Degner, S. C., A. J. Papoutsis, O. Selmin, and D. F. Romagnolo. 2009. Targeting of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by the indole-3-carbinol metabolite 3,3’-diindolylmethane in breast cancer cells. The Journal of Nutrition 139 (1):26–32. doi: 10.3945/jn.108.099259.
  • Del Pup, L., G. Codacci-Pisanelli, and F. Peccatori. 2019. Breast cancer risk of hormonal contraception: Counselling considering new evidence. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 137:123–30. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.03.001.
  • Delgado, J. L., C.-M. Hsieh, N.-L. Chan, and H. Hiasa. 2018. Topoisomerases as anticancer targets. The Biochemical Journal 475 (2):373–98. doi: 10.1042/bcj20160583.
  • Deokar, T., and S. Pawar. 2021. FTIR analysis and phytoconstituents screening of aegle marmelos L. leaves in various extracts. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 11 (2):76–84. doi: 10.35652/IGJPS.2021.112001.
  • Derrien, M., E. E. Vaughan, C. M. Plugge, and W. M. de Vos. 2004. Akkermansia muciniphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a human intestinal mucin-degrading bacterium. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54 (Pt 5):1469–76. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.02873-0.
  • DeVita, V. T., and E. Chu. 2008. A history of cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Research 68 (21):8643–53. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.Can-07-6611.
  • Dhamodaran, S., R. Kothandam, and S. Ramachandran. 2022. Cytotoxicity and Anticancer activity of aqueous leaf extract of solanum torvumon normal vero and human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cell line. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 12:145–52. doi: 10.35652/IGJPS.2022.12016.
  • Dimitrakakis, C. 2011. Androgens and breast cancer in men and women. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 40 (3):533–47. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2011.05.007.
  • Dimitrakakis, C., and C. Bondy. 2009. Androgens and the breast. Breast Cancer Research 11 (5):212. doi: 10.1186/bcr2413.
  • Din, F. U., W. Aman, I. Ullah, O. S. Qureshi, O. Mustapha, S. Shafique, and A. Zeb. 2017. Effective use of nanocarriers as drug delivery systems for the treatment of selected tumors. International Journal of Nanomedicine 12:7291–309. doi: 10.2147/ijn.S146315.
  • Dirican, E., M. Akkiprik, and A. Ozer. 2016. Mutation distributions and clinical correlations of PIK3CA gene mutations in breast cancer. Tumour Biology: The Journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 37 (6):7033–45. doi: 10.1007/s13277-016-4924-2.
  • Dixit, S. 2014. Anticancer effect of rutin isolated from the methanolic extract of Triticum aestivum straw in mice. Medical Sciences 2 (4):153–60. doi: 10.3390/medsci2040153.
  • Dolati, M., F. Tafvizi, M. Salehipour, T. Komeili Movahed, and P. Jafari. 2021. Inhibitory effects of probiotic Bacillus coagulans against MCF7 breast cancer cells. Iranian Journal of Microbiology. 13:839–47. doi: 10.18502/ijm.v13i6.8089.
  • Dorchak, J. A., S. Maria, J. L. Guarinoni, A. Duensing, S. Somiari, J. Cavanaugh, B. Deyarmin, H. Hu, J. Iida, C. D. Shriver, et al. 2018. The impact of hormonal contraceptives on breast cancer pathology. Hormones & Cancer 9 (4):240–53. doi: 10.1007/s12672-018-0332-y.
  • Duru, N., D. Candas, G. Jiang, and J. J. Li. 2014. Breast cancer adaptive resistance: HER2 and cancer stem cell repopulation in a heterogeneous tumor society. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 140 (1):1–14. doi: 10.1007/s00432-013-1494-1.
  • Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG), C. Davies, J. Godwin, R. Gray, M. Clarke, D. Cutter, et al. 2011. Relevance of breast cancer hormone receptors and other factors to the efficacy of adjuvant tamoxifen: Patient-level meta-analysis of randomised trials. The Lancet 378 (9793):771–84. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60993-8.
  • Elbaiomy, M. A., T. Akl, N. Atwan, A. A. Elsayed, M. Elzaafarany, and S. Shamaa. 2020. Clinical impact of breast cancer stem cells in metastatic breast cancer patients. Journal of Oncology 2020:1–8. doi: 10.1155/2020/2561726.
  • Ell, B., L. Mercatali, T. Ibrahim, N. Campbell, H. Schwarzenbach, K. Pantel, D. Amadori, and Y. Kang. 2013. Tumor-induced osteoclast miRNA changes as regulators and biomarkers of osteolytic bone metastasis. Cancer Cell 24 (4):542–56. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.09.008.
  • Ellis, B. E., and G. H. N. Towers. 1970. Biogenesis of rosmarinic acid in Mentha. The Biochemical Journal 118 (2):291–7. doi: 10.1042/bj1180291.
  • Elmaidomy, A. H., M. M. Mohyeldin, M. M. Ibrahim, H. M. Hassan, E. Amin, M. E. Rateb, et al. 2017. Acylated iridoids and rhamnopyranoses from Premna odorata (Lamiaceae) as novel mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor receptor inhibitors for the control of breast cancer. Phytotherapy Research 31 (10):1556. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5882.
  • Elsayed, H. E., H. Y. Ebrahim, M. M. Mohyeldin, A. B. Siddique, A. M. Kamal, E. G. Haggag, and K. A. El Sayed. 2017. Rutin as a novel c-met inhibitory lead for the control of triple negative breast malignancies. Nutrition and Cancer 69 (8):1256–71. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1367936.
  • Engel, N., A. Falodun, J. Kühn, U. Kragl, P. Langer, and B. Nebe. 2014. Pro-apoptotic and anti-adhesive effects of four African plant extracts on the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 14 (1):334. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-334.
  • Engelking, L. R. 2015. Bile acids. In Textbook of veterinary physiological chemistry, 397–405. Elsevier
  • Erdoğan, M. K., İ. H. Geçibesler, and L. Behçet. 2020. Chemical constituents, antioxidant, antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of a new endemic Boraginaceae species: Paracaryum bingoelianum. Results in Chemistry 2:100032. doi: 10.1016/j.rechem.2020.
  • Eslami-S, Z., K. Majidzadeh-A, S. Halvaei, F. Babapirali, and R. Esmaeili. 2020. Microbiome and breast cancer: New role for an ancient population. Frontiers in Oncology 10:120. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00120.
  • Eumkeb, G., S. Tanphonkrang, K. Sirichaiwetchakoon, T. Hengpratom, and W. Naknarong. 2017. The synergy effect of daidzein and genistein isolated from Butea superba Roxb. on the reproductive system of male mice. Natural Product Research 31 (6):672–5. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1180603.
  • Farabegoli, F., A. Papi, and M. Orlandi. 2011. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate down-regulates EGFR, MMP-2, MMP-9 and EMMPRIN and inhibits the invasion of MCF-7 tamoxifen-resistant cells. Bioscience Reports 31 (2):99–108. doi: 10.1042/BSR20090143.
  • Fattahi, S., A. M. Ardekani, E. Zabihi, Z. Abedian, A. Mostafazadeh, R. Pourbagher, and H. Akhavan-Niaki. 2013. Antioxidant and apoptotic effects of an aqueous extract of Urtica dioica on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP 14 (9):5317–23. doi: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.9.5317.
  • Fernández-Ramos, A. A., C. Marchetti-Laurent, V. Poindessous, S. Antonio, P. Laurent-Puig, S. Bortoli, M.-A. Loriot, and N. Pallet. 2017. 6-mercaptopurine promotes energetic failure in proliferating T cells. Oncotarget 8 (26):43048–60. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.17889.
  • Fillmore, C. M., P. B. Gupta, J. A. Rudnick, S. Caballero, P. J. Keller, E. S. Lander, and C. Kuperwasser. 2010. Estrogen expands breast cancer stem-like cells through paracrine FGF/Tbx3 signaling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107 (50):21737–42. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1007863107.
  • Fish, W. W. 2006. Interaction of sodium dodecyl sulfate with watermelon chromoplasts and examination of the organization of lycopene within the chromoplasts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54 (21):8294–300. doi: 10.1021/jf061468+.
  • Flores Clavo, R., N. Ruiz Quiñones, Á. J. Hernández-Tasco, M. José Salvador, A. L. Tasca Gois Ruiz, L. E. de Oliveira Braga, J. Henrique Costa, T. Pacheco Fill, Z. L. Arce Gil, L. M. Serquen Lopez, et al. 2021. Evaluation of antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of Actinobacteria isolated from the saline lagoons of northwestern Peru. PloS One 16 (9):e0240946. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240946.
  • Freuding, M., C. Keinki, O. Micke, J. Buentzel, and J. Huebner. 2019. Mistletoe in oncological treatment: A systematic review. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 145 (3):695–707. doi: 10.1007/s00432-018-02837-4.
  • Fritz, A. J., D. Hong, J. Boyd, J. Kost, K. H. Finstaad, M. P. Fitzgerald, S. Hanna, A. H. Abuarqoub, M. Malik, J. Bushweller, et al. 2020. RUNX1 and RUNX2 transcription factors function in opposing roles to regulate breast cancer stem cells. Journal of Cellular Physiology 235 (10):7261–72. doi: 10.1002/jcp.29625.
  • Fuente, B., G. López-García, V. Máñez, A. Alegría, R. Barberá, and A. Cilla. 2020. Antiproliferative effect of bioaccessible fractions of four brassicaceae microgreens on human colon cancer cells linked to their phytochemical composition. Antioxidants 9 (5):368. doi: 10.3390/antiox9050.
  • Fukutake, M., M. Takahashi, K. Ishida, H. Kawamura, T. Sugimura, and K. Wakabayashi. 1996. Quantification of genistein and genistin in soybeans and soybean products. Food and Chemical Toxicology: An International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 34 (5):457–61. doi: 10.1016/0278-6915(96)87355-8.
  • Gangadhar, M., P. Bhavana, S. Datta, and M. Ganesh. 2011. Effect of Epigallocatechin gallate isolated from Terminalia Bellerica fruit rind on glucoamylase activity in vitro. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 1 (6):115–7.
  • Garcia-Heredia, J. M., A. Lucena-Cacace, E. M. Verdugo-Sivianes, M. Pérez, and A. Carnero. 2017. The cargo protein MAP17 (PDZK1IP1) regulates the cancer stem cell pool activating the notch pathway by abducting NUMB. Clinical Cancer Research: An Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 23 (14):3871–83. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-16-2358.
  • Ge, X., P. Lyu, Y. Gu, L. Li, J. Li, Y. Wang, L. Zhang, C. Fu, and Z. Cao. 2015. Sonic hedgehog stimulates glycolysis and proliferation of breast cancer cells: Modulation of PFKFB3 activation. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 464 (3):862–8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.052.
  • Gensler, H. L., B. N. Timmermann, S. Valcic, G. A. Wächter, R. Dorr, K. Dvorakova, and D. S. Alberts. 1996. Prevention of photocarcinogenesis by topical administration of pure epigallocatechin gallate isolated from green tea. Nutrition and Cancer 26 (3):325–35. doi: 10.1080/01635589609514488.
  • Ghahremanfard, F. S. Karvanian, and M. Azadehrah. XXXX. Evaluation of the relationship between serum level of Vitamin B12 and prognostic indicators of breast cancer in semnan.
  • Giallourou, N., C. Urbaniak, S. Puebla-Barragan, P. A. Vorkas, J. R. Swann, and G. Reid. 2021. Characterizing the breast cancer lipidome and its interaction with the tissue microbiota. Communications Biology 4 (1):1229. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02710-0.
  • Gianfredi, V., D. Nucci, A. Abalsamo, M. Acito, M. Villarini, M. Moretti, and S. Realdon. 2018. Green tea consumption and risk of breast cancer and recurrence—A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutrients 10 (12):1886. doi: 10.3390/nu10121886.
  • Giovannelli, P., M. Di Donato, G. Galasso, E. Di Zazzo, A. Bilancio, and A. Migliaccio. 2018. The androgen receptor in breast cancer. Frontiers in Endocrinology 9. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00492.
  • Goel, R. K., G. Das Gupta, S. N. Ram, and V. B. Pandey. 1991. Antiulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of emodin, isolated from Rhamnus triquerta wall. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 29 (3):230–2.
  • Goel, H. L., B. Pursell, C. Chang, L. M. Shaw, J. Mao, K. Simin, P. Kumar, C. W. Vander Kooi, L. D. Shultz, D. L. Greiner, et al. 2013. GLI1 regulates a novel neuropilin‐2/α6β1 integrin based autocrine pathway that contributes to breast cancer initiation. EMBO Molecular Medicine 5 (4):488–508. doi: 10.1002/emmm.201202078.
  • Goldberg, A. A., A. Beach, G. F. Davies, T. A. Harkness, A. Leblanc, and V. I. Titorenko. 2011. Lithocholic bile acid selectively kills neuroblastoma cells, while sparing normal neuronal cells. Oncotarget 2 (10):761–82. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.338.
  • Goldberg, A. A., V. I. Titorenko, A. Beach, and J. T. Sanderson. 2013. Bile acids induce apoptosis selectively in androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer cells. PeerJ 1:e122. doi: 10.7717/peerj.122.
  • Gonzalez-Angulo, A. M., F. Morales-Vasquez, and G. N. Hortobagyi. 2007. Overview of resistance to systemic therapy in patients with breast cancer. In Breast cancer chemosensitivity, 1–22. Springer.
  • Grattarola, R. 1973. Androgens in breast cancer. I. Atypical endometrial hyperplasia and breast cancer in married premenopausal women. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 116 (3):423–8. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9378(15)31304-1.
  • Greil, R., S. Greil-Ressler, L. Weiss, C. Schönlieb, T. Magnes, B. Radl, G. T. Bolger, B. Vcelar, and P. P. Sordillo. 2018. A phase 1 dose-escalation study on the safety, tolerability and activity of liposomal curcumin (Lipocurc™) in patients with locally advanced or metastatic cancer. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 82 (4):695–706. doi: 10.1007/s00280-018-3654-0.
  • Halterman, P. A. 2008. Lapatinib and ixabepilone for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Pharmacotherapy 28 (10):1255–66. doi: 10.1592/phco.28.10.1255.
  • Han, M., M. Liu, Y. Wang, X. Chen, J. Xu, Y. Sun, L. Zhao, H. Qu, Y. Fan, C. Wu, et al. 2012. Antagonism of miR-21 reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell phenotype through AKT/ERK1/2 inactivation by targeting PTEN. PLoS One 7 (6):e39520. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039520.
  • Hanna, P., and M. Mayden. 2021. Chemotherapy treatment considerations in metastatic breast cancer. Journal of the Advanced Practitioner in Oncology 12 (2):6–12. doi: 10.6004/jadpro.2021.12.2.11.
  • Harb, A., M. Abu Zarga, and S. Abdalla. 2009. Effects of trans-resveratrol, isolated from Smilax aspera, on smooth muscle, blood pressure, inflammation in rats and nociception in mice. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences 2 (2):69–76.
  • Hatami, M., F. Vahid, M. Esmaeil Akbari, M. Sadeghi, F. Ameri, H. Eini-Zeinab, Y. Jamshidi-Naeini, and S. Hossein Davoodi. 2020. The vitamins involved in one-carbon metabolisms are associated with reduced risk of breast cancer in overall and subtypes. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 90 (1-2):131–40. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000501.
  • Heinemann, V. 2005. Gemcitabine in metastatic breast cancer. Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 5 (3):429–43. doi: 10.1586/14737140.5.3.429.
  • Herrera, M., E. Marhuenda, and A. Gibson. 1992. Effects of genistein, an isoflavone isolated from genista tridentata, on isolated guinea-pig ileum and guinea-pig ileal myenteric plexus. Planta Medica 58 (4):314–6. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-961474.
  • Hess, D. A., T. E. Meyerrose, L. Wirthlin, T. P. Craft, P. E. Herrbrich, M. H. Creer, and J. A. Nolta. 2004. Functional characterization of highly purified human hematopoietic repopulating cells isolated according to aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Blood 104 (6):1648–55. doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-02-0448.
  • Hieken, T. J., J. Chen, T. L. Hoskin, M. Walther-Antonio, S. Johnson, S. Ramaker, J. Xiao, D. C. Radisky, K. L. Knutson, K. R. Kalari, et al. 2016. The microbiome of aseptically collected human breast tissue in benign and malignant disease. Scientific Reports 6 (1):1–10. doi: 10.1038/srep30751.
  • Hong, O.-Y., E.-M. Noh, H.-Y. Jang, Y.-R. Lee, B. K. Lee, S. H. Jung, J.-S. Kim, and H. J. Youn. 2017. Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells via inactivation of the beta-catenin signaling pathway. Oncology Letters 14 (1):441–6. doi: 10.3892/ol.2017.6108.
  • Hong, J., S.-H. Park, S. Kim, S.-W. Kim, and J.-S. Hahn. 2019. Efficient production of lycopene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by enzyme engineering and increasing membrane flexibility and NAPDH production. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 103 (1):211–23. doi: 10.1007/s00253-018-9449-8.
  • Honma, N., K. Takubo, M. Sawabe, T. Arai, F. Akiyama, G. Sakamoto, T. Utsumi, N. Yoshimura, and N. Harada. 2006. Estrogen-metabolizing enzymes in breast cancers from women over the age of 80 years. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 91 (2):607–13. doi: 10.1210/jc.2005-1967.
  • Hopkins, M. M., and K. E. Meier. 2017. Free fatty acid receptors and cancer: from nutrition to pharmacology. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 236:233–51. doi: 10.1007/164_2016_48.
  • Horwitz, S. B. 2004. Personal recollections on the early development of taxol. Journal of Natural Products 67 (2):136–8. doi: 10.1021/np0304464.
  • Hosonaga, M., H. Saya, and Y. Arima. 2020. Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying brain metastasis of breast cancer. Cancer Metastasis Reviews 39 (3):711–20. doi: 10.1007/s10555-020-09881-y.
  • Hou, M.-F., F. Ou-Yang, C.-L. Li, F.-M. Chen, C.-H. Chuang, J.-Y. Kan, C.-C. Wu, S.-L. Shih, J.-P. Shiau, L.-C. Kao, et al. 2021. Comprehensive profiles and diagnostic value of menopausal-specific gut microbiota in premenopausal breast cancer. Experimental & Molecular Medicine 53 (10):1636–46. doi: 10.1038/s12276-021-00686-9.
  • Hsu, Y. C., and Y. M. Liou. 2011. The anti-cancer effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the signaling pathways associated with membrane receptors in MCF-7 cells. Journal of Cellular Physiology 226 (10):2721–30. doi: 10.1002/jcp.22623.
  • Huang, C.-K., P.-H. Chang, W.-H. Kuo, C.-L. Chen, Y.-M. Jeng, K.-J. Chang, J.-Y. Shew, C.-M. Hu, and W.-H. Lee. 2017a. Adipocytes promote malignant growth of breast tumours with monocarboxylate transporter 2 expression via β-hydroxybutyrate. Nature Communications 8 (1):14706. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14706.
  • Huang, P., A. Chen, W. He, Z. Li, G. Zhang, Z. Liu, G. Liu, X. Liu, S. He, G. Xiao, et al. 2017b. BMP-2 induces EMT and breast cancer stemness through Rb and CD44. Cell Death Discovery 3 (1):17039. doi: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.39.
  • Huang, Q., R. Huang, S. Zhang, J. Lin, L. Wei, M. He, L. Zhuo, and X. Lin. 2013. Protective effect of genistein isolated from Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides on hepatic injury and fibrosis induced by chronic alcohol in rats. Toxicology Letters 217 (2):102–10. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.12.014.
  • Huang, K.-S., M. Lin, and G.-F. Cheng. 2001. Anti-inflammatory tetramers of resveratrol from the roots of Vitis amurensis and the conformations of the seven-membered ring in some oligostilbenes. Phytochemistry 58 (2):357–62. doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00224-2.
  • Huang, M.-T., H. L. Newmark, and K. Frenkel. 1997. Inhibitory effects of curcumin on tumorigenesis in mice. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 67 (S27):26–34. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1997)27<26::Aid-jcb7>3.0.Co;2-3.
  • Huber, R., H. Lüdtke, J. Wieber, and C. Beckmann. 2011. Safety and effects of two mistletoe preparations on production of Interleukin-6 and other immune parameters-a placebo controlled clinical trial in healthy subjects. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 11 (1):1–12. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-116.
  • Huber, R., M. Rostock, R. Goedl, R. Lüdtke, K. Urech, S. Buck, and R. Klein. 2005. Mistletoe treatment induces GM-CSF-and IL-5 production by PBMC and increases blood granulocyte-and eosinophil counts: A placebo controlled randomized study in healthy subjects. European Journal of Medical Research 10 (10):411–8.
  • Huber, R., D. Schlodder, C. Effertz, S. Rieger, and W. Tröger. 2017. Safety of intravenously applied mistletoe extract–results from a phase I dose escalation study in patients with advanced cancer. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 17 (1):1–8. doi: 10.1186/s12906-017-1971-1.
  • Huber, D., S. Seitz, K. Kast, G. Emons, and O. Ortmann. 2020. Use of oral contraceptives in BRCA mutation carriers and risk for ovarian and breast cancer: A systematic review. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 301 (4):875–84. doi: 10.1007/s00404-020-05458-w.
  • Hussain, S. A., D. H. Palmer, A. Stevens, D. Spooner, C. J. Poole, and D. W. Rea. 2005. Role of chemotherapy in breast cancer. Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 5 (6):1095–110. doi: 10.1586/14737140.5.6.1095.
  • Ibrahim, N. K. 2021. Ixabepilone: Overview of effectiveness, safety, and tolerability in metastatic breast cancer. Frontiers in Oncology 11. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.617874.
  • Ilgu, H., J. M. Jeckelmann, C. Colas, Z. Ucurum, A. Schlessinger, and D. Fotiadis. 2018. Effects of mutations and ligands on the thermostability of the l-arginine/agmatine antiporter AdiC and deduced insights into ligand-binding of human l-type amino acid transporters. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19 (3):918. doi: 10.3390/ijms19030918.
  • Iriti, M., R. Kubina, A. Cochis, R. Sorrentino, E. M. Varoni, A. Kabała-Dzik, B. Azzimonti, A. Dziedzic, L. Rimondini, R. D. Wojtyczka, et al. 2017. Rutin, a quercetin glycoside, restores chemosensitivity in human breast cancer cells. Phytotherapy Research 31 (10):1529–38. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5878.
  • Iván, J., E. Major, A. Sipos, K. Kovács, D. Horváth, I. Tamás, P. Bay, V. Dombrádi, and B. Lontay. 2017. The short-chain fatty acid propionate inhibits adipogenic differentiation of human chorion-derived mesenchymal stem cells through the free fatty acid receptor 2. Stem Cells and Development 26 (23):1724–33. doi: 10.1089/scd.2017.0035.
  • Jackson, S. J., and K. W. Singletary. 2004a. Sulforaphane inhibits human MCF-7 mammary cancer cell mitotic progression and tubulin polymerization. The Journal of Nutrition 134 (9):2229–36. doi: 10.1093/jn/134.9.2229.
  • Jackson, S. J., and K. W. Singletary. 2004b. Sulforaphane: A naturally occurring mammary carcinoma mitotic inhibitor, which disrupts tubulin polymerization. Carcinogenesis 25 (2):219–27. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgg192.
  • Jayaprakasam, B., Y. Zhang, N. P. Seeram, and M. G. Nair. 2003. Growth inhibition of human tumor cell lines by withanolides from Withania somnifera leaves. Life Sciences 74 (1):125–32. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.07.007.
  • Jayavel, P., and V. Subramaniam. 2021. Biosynthesis, characterization and biological studies of copper nanoparticles from methanolic extract of bulb of zephyranthes citrina. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 11 (2):160–6. doi: 10.35652/IGJPS.2021.112012.
  • Ji, L.-W., C.-X. Jing, S.-L. Zhuang, W.-C. Pan, and X.-P. Hu. 2019. Effect of age at first use of oral contraceptives on breast cancer risk: An updated meta-analysis. Medicine 98 (36):e15719. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000015719.
  • Jiang, Z., L. Li, J. Chen, G. Wei, Y. Ji, X. Chen, J. Liu, and J. Huo. 2021. Human gut-microbiome interplay: Analysis of clinical studies for the emerging roles of diagnostic microbiology in inflammation, oncogenesis and cancer management. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 93:104946. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104946.
  • Jiang, K., W. Wang, X. Jin, Z. Wang, Z. Ji, and G. Meng. 2015. Silibinin, a natural flavonoid, induces autophagy via ROS-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of ATP involving BNIP3 in human MCF7 breast cancer cells. Oncology Reports 33 (6):2711–8. doi: 10.3892/or.2015.3915.
  • Jin, L., B. Han, E. Siegel, Y. Cui, A. Giuliano, and X. Cui. 2018. Breast cancer lung metastasis: Molecular biology and therapeutic implications. Cancer Biology & Therapy 19 (10):858–68. doi: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1456599.
  • Jovel, J., J. Patterson, W. Wang, N. Hotte, S. O’Keefe, T. Mitchel, T. Perry, D. Kao, A. L. Mason, K. L. Madsen, et al. 2016. Characterization of the gut microbiome using 16S or shotgun metagenomics. Frontiers in Microbiology 7:459. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00459.
  • Juan, Z., J. Chen, B. Ding, L. Yongping, K. Liu, L. Wang, Y. Le, Q. Liao, J. Shi, J. Huang, et al. 2022. Probiotic supplement attenuates chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment in patients with breast cancer: A randomised, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. European Journal of Cancer (Oxford, England: 1990) 161:10–22. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.11.006.
  • Kain, D., S. Kumar, A. Suryavanshi, and A. Arya. 2022. FTIR and GCMS analysis of Euphorbia hirtaL. and its in-vitroantibacterial and antioxidant activities. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 12:104–9. doi: 10.35652/IGJPS.2022.12009.
  • Kakarala, M., D. E. Brenner, H. Korkaya, C. Cheng, K. Tazi, C. Ginestier, S. Liu, G. Dontu, and M. S. Wicha. 2010. Targeting breast stem cells with the cancer preventive compounds curcumin and piperine. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 122 (3):777–85. doi: 10.1007/s10549-009-0612-x.
  • Kale, R. N., and R. Y. Patil. 2021. Effect of Solanum melongena Linn. leaves extracts on clonidine induced catalepsy and milk induced leukocytosis and eosinophilia in mice. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 11 (2):110–4. doi: 10.35652/IGJPS.2021.112005.
  • Kamalanathan, D., and D. Natarajan. 2018. Anticancer potential of leaf and leaf-derived callus extracts of Aerva javanica against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 14 (2):321–7. doi: 10.4103/0973-1482.171210.
  • Kang, Y., P. M. Siegel, W. Shu, M. Drobnjak, S. M. Kakonen, C. Cordón-Cardo, T. A. Guise, and J. Massagué. 2003. A multigenic program mediating breast cancer metastasis to bone. Cancer Cell 3 (6):537–49. doi: 10.1016/S1535-6108(03)00132-6.
  • Kaur, R. P., K. Vasudeva, R. Kumar, and A. Munshi. 2018. Role of p53 gene in breast cancer: Focus on mutation spectrum and therapeutic strategies. Current Pharmaceutical Design 24 (30):3566–75. doi: 10.2174/1381612824666180926095709.
  • Kelter, G., J. M. Schierholz, I. U. Fischer, and H.-H. Fiebig. 2007. Cytotoxic activity and absence of tumor growth stimulation of standardized mistletoe extracts in human tumor models in vitro. Anticancer Research 27 (1A):223–33.
  • Khasraw, M., R. Bell, and C. Dang. 2012. Epirubicin: Is it like doxorubicin in breast cancer? A clinical review. Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) 21 (2):142–9. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2011.12.012.
  • Kimbung, S., N. Loman, and I. Hedenfalk. 2015. Clinical and molecular complexity of breast cancer metastases. Seminars in Cancer Biology 35:85–95. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.08.009.
  • Kim, H. J., E. J. Chang, S. H. Cho, S. K. Chung, H. D. Park, and S. W. Choi. 2014a. Antioxidative activity of resveratrol and its derivatives isolated from seeds of Paeonia lactiflora. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 66 (9):1990–3. doi: 10.1271/bbb.66.1990.
  • Kim, H., P. Hall, M. Smith, M. Kirk, J. K. Prasain, S. Barnes, and C. Grubbs. 2004. Chemoprevention by grape seed extract and genistein in carcinogen-induced mammary cancer in rats is diet dependent. The Journal of Nutrition 134 (12 Suppl):3445S–52S. doi: 10.1093/jn/134.12.3445S.
  • Kim, S., S. H. Kim, S. M. Hur, S.-K. Lee, W. W. Kim, J. S. Kim, J.-H. Kim, J.-H. Choe, S. J. Nam, J. E. Lee, et al. 2009. Silibinin prevents TPA-induced MMP-9 expression by down-regulation of COX-2 in human breast cancer cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 126 (2):252–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.032.
  • Kim, H.-N., D.-H. Kim, E.-H. Kim, M.-H. Lee, J. K. Kundu, H.-K. Na, Y.-N. Cha, and Y.-J. Surh. 2014b. Sulforaphane inhibits phorbol ester-stimulated IKK-NF-kappaB signaling and COX-2 expression in human mammary epithelial cells by targeting NF-kappaB activating kinase and ERK. Cancer Letters 351 (1):41–9. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.03.037.
  • Kim, H.-E., J. Kim, S. Maeng, B. Oh, K.-T. Hwang, and B.-S. Kim. 2021. Microbiota of breast tissue and its potential association with regional recurrence of breast cancer in Korean women. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 31 (12):1643–55. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2106.06039.
  • Kim, R., A. Osaki, and T. Toge. 2005. Current and future roles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in operable breast cancer. Clinical Breast Cancer 6 (3):223–32. doi: 10.3816/CBC.2005.n.024.
  • Kim, S. H., H. J. Park, and D. O. Moon. 2017. Sulforaphane sensitizes human breast cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis by downregulating the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Oncology Letters 13 (6):4427–32. doi: 10.3892/ol.2017.5950.
  • Kimura, Y., and H. Okuda. 2001. Resveratrol isolated from polygonum cuspidatum root prevents tumor growth and metastasis to lung and tumor-induced neovascularization in lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice. The Journal of Nutrition 131 (6):1844–9. doi: 10.1093/jn/131.6.1844.
  • King-Batoon, A., J. M. Leszczynska, and C. B. Klein. 2008. Modulation of gene methylation by genistein or lycopene in breast cancer cells. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 49 (1):36–45. doi: 10.1002/em.20363.
  • Kirkup, B. M., A. McKee, K. A. Makin, J. Paveley, S. Caim, C. Alcon-Giner, et al. 2019. Perturbation of the gut microbiota by antibiotics results in accelerated breast tumour growth and metabolic dysregulation. BioRxiv. doi: 10.1101/553602.
  • Kotsopoulos, J., and S. A. Narod. 2012. Androgens and breast cancer. Steroids 77 (1–2):1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.10.002.
  • Koury, J., L. Zhong, and J. Hao. 2017. Targeting signaling pathways in cancer stem cells for cancer treatment. Stem Cells International 2017:1–10. doi: 10.1155/2017/2925869.
  • Kovács, T., E. Mikó, A. Vida, É. Sebő, J. Toth, T. Csonka, A. Boratkó, G. Ujlaki, G. Lente, P. Kovács, et al. 2019. Cadaverine, a metabolite of the microbiome, reduces breast cancer aggressiveness through trace amino acid receptors. Scientific Reports 9 (1):1300. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37664-7.
  • Kraus, L. A., S. K. Samuel, S. M. Schmid, D. J. Dykes, W. R. Waud, and M. C. Bissery. 2003. The mechanism of action of docetaxel (Taxotere) in xenograft models is not limited to bcl-2 phosphorylation. Investigational New Drugs 21 (3):259–68. doi: 10.1023/A:1025436307913.
  • Kubatka, P., P. Zubor, D. Busselberg, T. K. Kwon, M. Adamek, D. Petrovic, R. Opatrilova, K. Gazdikova, M. Caprnda, L. Rodrigo, et al. 2018. Melatonin and breast cancer: Evidences from preclinical and human studies. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 122:133–43. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.12.018.
  • Kumar, S., R. Singla, and A. Garg. 2019. Docking studies of epigallocatechin gallate as natural DPP-IV inhibitor. In Proceedings of the MOL2NET’19, Conference on Molecular, Biomedical & Computational Sciences and Engineering, 20 Mar–20 Dec, 5th ed. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI. doi: 10.3390/mol2net-05-06241.
  • Kumar, V., D. D. Singh, S. S. Lakhawat, N. Yasmeen, A. Pandey, and R. K. Singla. 2022. Biogenic phytochemicals modulating obesity: From molecular mechanism to preventive and therapeutic approaches. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: eCAM 2022:6852276. doi: 10.1155/2022/6852276.
  • Labrie, F. 2006. Dehydroepiandrosterone, androgens and the mammary gland. Gynecological Endocrinology: The Official Journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 22 (3):118–30. doi: 10.1080/09513590600624440.
  • Lajter, I., I. Zupkó, J. Molnár, G. Jakab, L. Balogh, A. Vasas, and J. Hohmann. 2013. Antiproliferative activity of polygonaceae species from the carpathian basin against human cancer cell lines. Phytotherapy Research: PTR 27 (1):77–85. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4690.
  • Lanzino, M., F. De Amicis, M. J. McPhaul, S. Marsico, M. L. Panno, and S. Andò. 2005. Endogenous coactivator ARA70 interacts with estrogen receptor α (ERα) and modulates the functional ERα/androgen receptor interplay in MCF-7 cells. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 280 (21):20421–30. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M413576200.
  • Lau, T. Y., and L. K. Leung. 2006. Soya isoflavones suppress phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced COX-2 expression in MCF-7 cells. The British Journal of Nutrition 96 (1):169–76. doi: 10.1079/bjn20061639.
  • Laux, M. T., M. Aregullin, J. P. Berry, J. A. Flanders, and E. Rodriguez. 2004. Identification of a p53-dependent pathway in the induction of apoptosis of human breast cancer cells by the natural product, resveratrol. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, NY) 10 (2):235–9. doi: 10.1089/107555304323062211.
  • Law, J. W.-F., L. N.-S. Law, V. Letchumanan, L. T.-H. Tan, S. H. Wong, K.-G. Chan, N.-S. Ab Mutalib, and L.-H. Lee. 2020. Anticancer drug discovery from microbial sources: The unique mangrove streptomycetes. Molecules 25 (22):5365. doi: 10.3390/molecules25225365.
  • Lee, N.-H., S.-M. Lee, D.-H. Song, J.-Y. Yang, and H.-S. Lee. 2013. Antimicrobial effect of emodin isolated from Cassia tora Linn. seeds against food-borne bacteria. Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry 56 (3):187–9. doi: 10.3839/jabc.2013.030.
  • Lewinska, A., D. Bednarz, J. Adamczyk-Grochala, and M. Wnuk. 2017. Phytochemical-induced nucleolar stress results in the inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation. Redox Biology 12:469–82. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.03.014.
  • Liang, H., C. Li, Q. Yuan, and F. Vriesekoop. 2008. Application of high-speed countercurrent chromatography for the isolation of sulforaphane from broccoli seed meal. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56 (17):7746–9. doi: 10.1021/jf801318v.
  • Liao, D. J., and R. B. Dickson. 2002. Roles of androgens in the development, growth, and carcinogenesis of the mammary gland. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 80 (2):175–89. doi: 10.1016/S0960-0760(01)00185-6.
  • Li, Y., H. Chen, T. M. Hardy, and T. O. Tollefsbol. 2013. Epigenetic regulation of multiple tumor-related genes leads to suppression of breast tumorigenesis by dietary genistein. PloS One 8 (1):e54369. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054369.
  • Licznerska, B. E., H. Szaefer, M. Murias, A. Bartoszek, and W. Baer-Dubowska. 2013. Modulation of CYP19 expression by cabbage juices and their active components: Indole-3-carbinol and 3,3’-diindolylmethene in human breast epithelial cell lines. European Journal of Nutrition 52 (5):1483–92. doi: 10.1007/s00394-012-0455-9.
  • Li, P., X. Li, R. Saravanan, C. M. Li, and S. S. J. Leong. 2012. Antimicrobial macromolecules: Synthesis methods and future applications. RSC Advances 2 (10):4031. doi: 10.1039/c2ra01297a.
  • Li, W., J. Liu, K. Jackson, R. Shi, and Y. Zhao. 2014. Sensitizing the therapeutic efficacy of taxol with shikonin in human breast cancer cells. PloS One 9 (4):e94079. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094079.
  • Li, Y., S. M. Meeran, and T. O. Tollefsbol. 2017. Combinatorial bioactive botanicals re-sensitize tamoxifen treatment in ER-negative breast cancer via epigenetic reactivation of ERalpha expression. Scientific Reports 7 (1):9345. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09764-3.
  • Limtrakul, P., W. Chearwae, S. Shukla, C. Phisalphong, and S. V. Ambudkar. 2007. Modulation of function of three ABC drug transporters, P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), mitoxantrone resistance protein (ABCG2) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (ABCC1) by tetrahydrocurcumin, a major metabolite of curcumin. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 296 (1-2):85–95. doi: 10.1007/s11010-006-9302-8.
  • Lin, V. C., H.-Y. Ding, P.-C. Tsai, J.-Y. Wu, Y.-H. Lu, and T.-S. Chang. 2011. In vitroandin vivomelanogenesis inhibition by biochanin A fromTrifolium pratense. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 75 (5):914–8. doi: 10.1271/bbb.100878.
  • Lin, L., Y. Dong, H. Zhao, L. Wen, B. Yang, and M. Zhao. 2011. Comparative evaluation of rosmarinic acid, methyl rosmarinate and pedalitin isolated from Rabdosia serra (MAXIM.) HARA as inhibitors of tyrosinase and α-glucosidase. Food Chemistry 129 (3):884–9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.039.
  • Lin, Y., Z. Miao, X. Zhang, X. Wei, J. Hou, Y. Huang, and B. Shen. 2020. Identification of key MicroRNAs and mechanisms in prostate cancer evolution based on biomarker prioritization model and carcinogenic survey. Frontiers in Genetics 11:596826. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.596826.
  • Lin, V.C., H.-Y. Ding, P.-C. Tsai, J.-Y. Wu, Y.-H. Lu, and T.-S. Chang. (2014). In vitroandin vivomelanogenesis inhibition by biochanin A Fromtrifolium pratense. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 75(5):914–8. doi: 10.1271/bbb.100878.
  • Linowiecka, K., A. Wolnicka-Głubisz, and A. A. Brożyna. 2021. Vitamin D endocrine system in breast cancer. Acta Biochimica Polonica 68 (4):489–97. doi: 10.18388/abp.2020_5961.
  • Liu, X., J. Gao, Y. Sun, D. Zhang, T. Liu, Q. Yan, and X. Yang. 2017. Mutation of N-linked glycosylation in EpCAM affected cell adhesion in breast cancer cells. Biological Chemistry 398 (10):1119–26. doi: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0232.
  • Liu, Z., H. Liu, S. Desai, D. C. Schmitt, M. Zhou, H. T. Khong, K. S. Klos, S. McClellan, O. Fodstad, M. Tan, et al. 2013b. miR-125b functions as a key mediator for snail-induced stem cell propagation and chemoresistance. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 288 (6):4334–45. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.419168.
  • Liu, Q., W. T. Loo, S. C. Sze, and Y. Tong. 2009. Curcumin inhibits cell proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and BT-483 breast cancer cells mediated by down-regulation of NFkappaB, cyclinD and MMP-1 transcription. Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology 16 (10):916–22. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.04.008.
  • Liu, X., C. Sun, X. Jin, P. Li, F. Ye, T. Zhao, L. Gong, and Q. Li. 2013a. Genistein enhances the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells via G(2)/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 18 (11):13200–17. doi: 10.3390/molecules181113200.
  • Liu, Z., F. Wei, L.-J. Chen, H.-R. Xiong, Y.-Y. Liu, F. Luo, W. Hou, H. Xiao, and Z.-Q. Yang. 2013c. In vitro and in vivo studies of the inhibitory effects of emodin isolated from polygonum cuspidatum on Coxsakievirus B4. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 18 (10):11842–58. doi: 10.3390/molecules181011842.
  • Liu, X., X. Zhang, J. Chen, B. Ye, S. Ren, Y. Lin, X.-F. Sun, H. Zhang, and B. Shen. 2020. CRC-EBD: Epigenetic biomarker database for colorectal cancer. Frontiers in Genetics 11:907. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00907.
  • Li, Y., S. Upadhyay, M. Bhuiyan, and F. H. Sarkar. 1999. Induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 by genistein. Oncogene 18 (20):3166–72. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202650.
  • Li, Y., T. Zhang, H. Korkaya, S. Liu, H.-F. Lee, B. Newman, Y. Yu, S. G. Clouthier, S. J. Schwartz, M. S. Wicha, et al. 2010. Sulforaphane, a dietary component of broccoli/broccoli sprouts, inhibits breast cancer stem cells. Clinical Cancer Research 16 (9):2580–90. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2937.
  • Loef, M., and H. Walach. 2020. Quality of life in cancer patients treated with mistletoe: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 20 (1):227. doi: 10.1186/s12906-020-03013-3.
  • Loewe-Mesch, A., J. J. Kuehn, K. Borho, U. Abel, C. Bauer, I. Gerhard, A. Schneeweiss, C. Sohn, T. Strowitzki, C. V. Hagens, et al. 2008. Adjuvante simultane Mistel-/Chemotherapie bei Mammakarzinom – Einfluss auf Immunparameter, Lebensqualität und Verträglichkeit. Forschende Komplementärmedizin / Research in Complementary Medicine 15 (1):22–30. doi: 10.1159/000112860.
  • Loi, S., N. Sirtaine, F. Piette, R. Salgado, G. Viale, F. Van Eenoo, G. Rouas, P. Francis, J. P. A. Crown, E. Hitre, et al. 2013. Prognostic and predictive value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in a phase III randomized adjuvant breast cancer trial in node-positive breast cancer comparing the addition of docetaxel to doxorubicin with doxorubicin-based chemotherapy: BIG 02-98. Journal of Clinical Oncology: Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 31 (7):860–7. doi: 10.1200/jco.2011.41.0902.
  • Long, S. L., C. G. M. Gahan, and S. A. Joyce. 2017. Interactions between gut bacteria and bile in health and disease. Molecular Aspects of Medicine 56:54–65. doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.06.002.
  • Lopes, C. M., A. Dourado, and R. Oliveira. 2017. Phytotherapy and nutritional supplements on breast cancer. BioMed Research International 2017:7207983. doi: 10.1155/2017/7207983.
  • Louis, P., P. Young, G. Holtrop, and H. J. Flint. 2010. Diversity of human colonic butyrate-producing bacteria revealed by analysis of the butyryl-CoA: Acetate CoA-transferase gene. Environmental Microbiology 12 (2):304–14. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02066.x.
  • Lu, Y., and L. Y. Foo. 1999. Rosmarinic acid derivatives from Salvia officinalis. Phytochemistry 51 (1):91–4. doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00730-4.
  • Lu, W., C. Lin, T. D. King, H. Chen, R. C. Reynolds, and Y. Li. 2012. Silibinin inhibits Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by suppressing Wnt co-receptor LRP6 expression in human prostate and breast cancer cells. Cellular Signalling 24 (12):2291–6. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.07.009.
  • Luu, T. H., J.-M. Bard, D. Carbonnelle, C. Chaillou, J.-M. Huvelin, C. Bobin-Dubigeon, and H. Nazih. 2018. Lithocholic bile acid inhibits lipogenesis and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Cellular Oncology (Dordrecht) 41 (1):13–24. doi: 10.1007/s13402-017-0353-5.
  • Ly, T. N., M. Shimoyamada, and R. Yamauchi. 2006. Isolation and characterization of rosmarinic acid oligomers in Celastrus hindsii benth leaves and their antioxidative activity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54 (11):3786–93. doi: 10.1021/jf052743f.
  • Ma, Q., Y. Chen, Q. Qin, F. Guo, Y-s. Wang, and D. Li. 2021. CXCL13 expression in mouse 4T1 breast cancer microenvironment elicits antitumor immune response by regulating immune cell infiltration. Precision Clinical Medicine 4 (3):155–67. doi: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbab020.
  • Machado, D. G., L. E. B. Bettio, M. P. Cunha, A. R. S. Santos, M. G. Pizzolatti, I. M. C. Brighente, and A. L. S. Rodrigues. 2008. Antidepressant-like effect of rutin isolated from the ethanolic extract from Schinus molle L. in mice: Evidence for the involvement of the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems. European Journal of Pharmacology 587 (1–3):163–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.03.021.
  • Madaan, R., R. K. Singla, S. Kumar, A. K. Dubey, D. Kumar, P. Sharma, et al. 2021. Bergenin - a biologically active scaffold: Nanotechnological perspectives. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 22:132–49. doi: 10.2174/1568026621666211015092654.
  • Majumder, M., S. Debnath, R. L. Gajbhiye, R. Saikia, B. Gogoi, S. K. Samanta, D. K. Das, K. Biswas, P. Jaisankar, R. Mukhopadhyay, et al. 2019. Ricinus communis L. fruit extract inhibits migration/invasion, induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells and arrests tumor progression in vivo. Scientific Reports 9 (1):14493. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50769-x.
  • Mandrich, L., and E. Caputo. 2020. Brassicaceae-derived anticancer agents: Towards a green approach to beat cancer. Nutrients 12 (3):868. doi: 10.3390/nu12030868.
  • Mansouri, K., S. Rasoulpoor, A. Daneshkhah, S. Abolfathi, N. Salari, M. Mohammadi, S. Rasoulpoor, and S. Shabani. 2020. Clinical effects of curcumin in enhancing cancer therapy: A systematic review. BMC Cancer 20 (1):791. doi: 10.1186/s12885-020-07256-8.
  • Maqbool, I., M. Sudharsan, G. Kanimozhi, S. T. Alrashood, H. A. Khan, and N. R. Prasad. 2020. Crude cell-free extract from deinococcus radiodurans exhibit anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 8. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00707.
  • Marques, O., B. M. da Silva, G. Porto, and C. Lopes. 2014. Iron homeostasis in breast cancer. Cancer Letters 347 (1):1–14. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.01.029.
  • Martinez-Montiel, N., N. H. Rosas-Murrieta, M. Martinez-Montiel, M. P. Gaspariano-Cholula, and R. D. Martinez-Contreras. 2016. Microbial and natural metabolites that inhibit splicing: A powerful alternative for cancer treatment. BioMed Research International 2016:3681094. doi: 10.1155/2016/3681094.
  • Marzocco, S., R. K. Singla, and A. Capasso. 2021. Multifaceted effects of lycopene: A Boulevard to the multitarget-based treatment for cancer. Molecules 26 (17):5333. doi: 10.3390/molecules26175333.
  • Masoud, V., and G. Pagès. 2017. Targeted therapies in breast cancer: New challenges to fight against resistance. World Journal of Clinical Oncology 8 (2):120–34. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v8.i2.
  • Masuda, M., M. Suzui, J. T. Lim, A. Deguchi, J. W. Soh, and I. B. Weinstein. 2002. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate decreases VEGF production in head and neck and breast carcinoma cells by inhibiting EGFR-related pathways of signal transduction. Journal of Experimental Therapeutics & Oncology 2 (6):350–9. doi: 10.1046/j.1359-4117.2002.01062.x.
  • Maturana, P., M. S. Orellana, S. M. Herrera, I. Martínez, M. Figueroa, J. Martínez-Oyanedel, V. Castro-Fernandez, and E. Uribe. 2021. Crystal structure of escherichia coli agmatinase: Catalytic mechanism and residues relevant for substrate specificity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22 (9):4769. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094769.
  • Matusheski, N. V., M. A. Wallig, J. A. Juvik, B. P. Klein, M. M. Kushad, and E. H. Jeffery. 2001. Preparative HPLC method for the purification of sulforaphane and sulforaphane nitrile from Brassica oleracea. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49 (4):1867–72. doi: 10.1021/jf0013860.
  • McGowan, J. V., R. Chung, A. Maulik, I. Piotrowska, J. M. Walker, and D. M. Yellon. 2017. Anthracycline chemotherapy and cardiotoxicity. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy 31 (1):63–75. doi: 10.1007/s10557-016-6711-0.
  • Meng, S., B. Chen, J. Yang, J. Wang, D. Zhu, Q. Meng, and L. Zhang. 2018. Study of microbiomes in aseptically collected samples of human breast tissue using needle biopsy and the potential role of in situ tissue microbiomes for promoting malignancy. Frontiers in Oncology 8:318. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00318.
  • Mercurio, A. 2019. VEGF/Neuropilin signaling in cancer stem cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20 (3):490. doi: 10.3390/ijms20030490.
  • Miao, Z., J. Bai, L. Shen, and R. K. Singla. 2021. The combination of tradition and future: Data-driven natural-product-based treatments for Parkinson’s disease. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: eCAM 2021:9990020. doi: 10.1155/2021/9990020.
  • Mikó, E., A. Vida, T. Kovács, G. Ujlaki, G. Trencsényi, J. Márton, Z. Sári, P. Kovács, A. Boratkó, Z. Hujber, et al. 2018. Lithocholic acid, a bacterial metabolite reduces breast cancer cell proliferation and aggressiveness. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1859 (9):958–74. doi: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.04.002.
  • Mikó, E., T. Kovács, É. Sebő, J. Tóth, T. Csonka, G. Ujlaki, A. Sipos, J. Szabó, G. Méhes, P. Bai, et al. 2019. Microbiome—microbial metabolome—cancer cell interactions in breast cancer—familiar, but unexplored. Cells 8 (4):293. doi: 10.3390/cells8040293.
  • Miles, D., G. Minckwitz, and A. D. Seidman. 2002. Combination versus sequential single-agent therapy in metastatic breast cancer. The Oncologist 7 (S6):13–9. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2002-0013.
  • Miller-Fleming, L., V. Olin-Sandoval, K. Campbell, and M. Ralser. 2015. Remaining mysteries of molecular biology: The role of polyamines in the cell. Journal of Molecular Biology 427 (21):3389–406. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.06.020.
  • Minsakorn, S., A. Watthanadirek, N. Poolsawat, P. Puttarak, R. Chawengkirttikul, and P. Anuracpreeda. 2021. The anthelmintic potentials of medicinal plant extracts and an isolated compound (rutin, C27H30O16) from Terminalia catappa L. against Gastrothylax crumenifer. Veterinary Parasitology 291:109385. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109385.
  • Mitra, S., and R. Dash. 2018. Natural products for the management and prevention of breast cancer. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: eCAM 2018:8324696. doi: 10.1155/2018/8324696.
  • Miura, K., M. Kinouchi, K. Ishida, W. Fujibuchi, T. Naitoh, H. Ogawa, T. Ando, N. Yazaki, K. Watanabe, S. Haneda, et al. 2010. 5-FU metabolism in cancer and orally-administrable 5-FU drugs. Cancers 2 (3):1717–30. doi: 10.3390/cancers2031717.
  • Mock, C. D., B. C. Jordan, and C. Selvam. 2015. Recent advances of curcumin and its analogues in breast cancer prevention and treatment. RSC Advances 5 (92):75575–88. doi: 10.1039/C5RA14925H.
  • Molavi, O., F. Narimani, F. Asiaee, S. Sharifi, V. Tarhriz, A. Shayanfar, M. Hejazi, and R. Lai. 2017. Silibinin sensitizes chemo-resistant breast cancer cells to chemotherapy. Pharmaceutical Biology 55 (1):729–39. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1270972.
  • Mollaei, S., O. Khanehbarndaz, Z. Gerami-Khashal, and M. Ebadi. 2019. Molecular identification and phytochemical screening of endophytic fungi isolated from Lithospermum officinale L. roots: A new source of shikonin. Phytochemistry 168:112116. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.
  • Momenimovahed, Z., and H. Salehiniya. 2019. Epidemiological characteristics of and risk factors for breast cancer in the world. Breast Cancer: Targets and Therapy 11:151.
  • Moon, Y. J., B. S. Shin, G. An, and M. E. Morris. 2008. Biochanin A inhibits breast cancer tumor growth in a murine xenograft model. Pharmaceutical Research 25 (9):2158–63. doi: 10.1007/s11095-008-9583-6.
  • Morales, M., E. J. Arenas, J. Urosevic, M. Guiu, E. Fernández, E. Planet, R. B. Fenwick, S. Fernández-Ruiz, X. Salvatella, D. Reverter, et al. 2014. RARRES3 suppresses breast cancer lung metastasis by regulating adhesion and differentiation. EMBO Molecular Medicine 6 (7):865–81. doi: 10.15252/emmm.201303675.
  • Mørch, L. S., C. W. Skovlund, P. C. Hannaford, L. Iversen, S. Fielding, and Ø. Lidegaard. 2017. Contemporary hormonal contraception and the risk of breast cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine 377 (23):2228–39. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1700732.
  • Morrison, D. J., and T. Preston. 2016. Formation of short chain fatty acids by the gut microbiota and their impact on human metabolism. Gut Microbes 7 (3):189–200. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2015.1134082.
  • Mouhid, L., M. Gómez de Cedrón, T. Vargas, E. García-Carrascosa, N. Herranz, M. García-Risco, G. Reglero, T. Fornari, and A. Ramírez de Molina. 2018. Identification of antitumoral agents against human pancreatic cancer cells from Asteraceae and Lamiaceae plant extracts. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 18 (1):254. doi: 10.1186/s12906-018-2322-6.
  • Mukhtar, E., V. M. Adhami, and H. Mukhtar. 2014. Targeting microtubules by natural agents for cancer therapy. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 13 (2):275–84. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.Mct-13-0791.
  • Muniyappan, N., M. Pandeeswaran, and A. Amalraj. 2021. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Curcuma pseudomontana isolated curcumin: Its characterization, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti- inflammatory activities. Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology 3:117–24. doi: 10.1016/j.enceco.2021.01.002.
  • Nabholtz, J.-M., and J. Gligorov. 2005. The role of taxanes in the treatment of breast cancer. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 6 (7):1073–94. doi: 10.1517/14656566.6.7.1073.
  • Nagamine, M. K., T. C. da Silva, P. Matsuzaki, K. C. Pinello, B. Cogliati, C. R. Pizzo, G. Akisue, M. Haraguchi, S. L. Górniak, I. L. Sinhorini, et al. 2009. Cytotoxic effects of butanolic extract from Pfaffia paniculata (Brazilian ginseng) on cultured human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology: Official Journal of the Gesellschaft Fur Toxikologische Pathologie 61 (1):75–82. doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2008.01.017.
  • Nagaoka, T., T. W. Hein, A. Yoshida, and L. Kuo. 2007. Resveratrol, a component of red wine, elicits dilation of isolated porcine retinal arterioles: Role of nitric oxide and potassium channels. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 48 (9):4232. doi: 10.1167/iovs.07-0094.
  • Nahleh, Z. 2008. Androgen receptor as a target for the treatment of hormone receptor-negative breast cancer: An unchartered territory. Future Oncology (London, England) 4 (1):15–21. doi: 10.2217/14796694.4.1.15.
  • Najmaldin, A., M. Azadehrah, S. Karvanian, and F. Ghahremanfard. 2019. Evaluation of the relationship between serum level of Vitamin B12 and prognostic indicators of breast cancer in semnan. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 13:1641–7.
  • Nakamura, Y., Y. Ohto, A. Murakami, and H. Ohigashi. 1998. Superoxide scavenging activity of rosmarinic acid from perilla frutescens britton Var. acuta f. viridis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 46 (11):4545–50. doi: 10.1021/jf980557m.
  • Nami, B., and Z. Wang. 2017. HER2 in breast cancer stemness: A negative feedback loop towards trastuzumab resistance. Cancers 9 (5):40. doi: 10.3390/cancers9050040.
  • Narod, S. A., and L. Salmena. 2011. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and breast cancer. Discovery Medicine 12 (66):445–53.
  • Narvaez, C. J., D. Matthews, E. LaPorta, K. M. Simmons, S. Beaudin, and J. Welsh. 2014. The impact of vitamin D in breast cancer: Genomics, pathways, metabolism. Frontiers in Physiology 5:213. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00213.
  • Nejman, D., I. Livyatan, G. Fuks, N. Gavert, Y. Zwang, L. T. Geller, A. Rotter-Maskowitz, R. Weiser, G. Mallel, E. Gigi, et al. 2020. The human tumor microbiome is composed of tumor type–specific intracellular bacteria. Science (New York, NY) 368 (6494):973–80. doi: 10.1126/science.aay9189.
  • Nicolás Díaz-Chico, B., F. Germán Rodríguez, A. González, R. Ramírez, C. Bilbao, A. Cabrera de León, A. Aguirre Jaime, R. Chirino, D. Navarro, J. C. Díaz-Chico, et al. 2007. Androgens and androgen receptors in breast cancer. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 105 (1–5):1–15. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.11.019.
  • Nizer, W. D. C., A. Ferraz, T. F. S. Moraes, F. Ferreira, C. D. B. Magalhães, S. Vieira-Filho, L. Duarte, and J. De Magalhães. 2020. Lack of activity of rutin isolated from Tontelea micrantha leaves against Vero and BHK, fungi, bacteria and Mayaro virus and its in silico activity. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results 11 (1):9. doi: 10.4103/jpnr.JPNR_12_1.
  • Nooshinfar, E., A. Safaroghli-Azar, D. Bashash, and M. E. Akbari. 2017. Melatonin, an inhibitory agent in breast cancer. Breast Cancer (Tokyo, Japan) 24 (1):42–51. doi: 10.1007/s12282-016-0690-7.
  • Noreen, S., B. Rizwan, M. Khan, and S. Farooq. 2021. Health benefits of buckwheat (Fagopyrum Esculentum), potential remedy for diseases, rare to cancer: A mini review. Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets 21 (6):e170721189478. doi: 10.2174/1871526520999201224122605.
  • Novío, S., M. Cartea, P. Soengas, M. Freire-Garabal, and M. Núñez-Iglesias. 2016. Effects of brassicaceae isothiocyanates on prostate cancer. Molecules 21 (5):626. doi: 10.3390/molecules21050626.
  • Ogunleye, A. A., F. Xue, and K. B. Michels. 2010. Green tea consumption and breast cancer risk or recurrence: A meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 119 (2):477–84. doi: 10.1007/s10549-009-0415-0.
  • Okoh, M. P., R. K. Singla, C. Madu, O. Soremekun, J. Adejoh, L. A. Alli, and B. Shen. 2021. Phytomedicine in disease management: In-silico analysis of the binding affinity of artesunate and azadirachtin for malaria treatment. Frontiers in Pharmacology 12. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751032.
  • Omara, T., A. K. Kiprop, R. C. Ramkat, J. Cherutoi, S. Kagoya, D. Moraa Nyangena, T. Azeze Tebo, P. Nteziyaremye, L. Nyambura Karanja, A. Jepchirchir, et al. 2020. Medicinal plants used in traditional management of cancer in Uganda: A review of ethnobotanical surveys, phytochemistry, and anticancer studies. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020:1–26. doi: 10.1155/2020/3529081.
  • O’Shaughnessy, J. 2005. Extending survival with chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer. The Oncologist 10 Suppl 3:20–9. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.10-90003-20.
  • Oskarsson, T., S. Acharyya, X. H.-F. Zhang, S. Vanharanta, S. F. Tavazoie, P. G. Morris, R. J. Downey, K. Manova-Todorova, E. Brogi, J. Massagué, et al. 2011. Breast cancer cells produce tenascin C as a metastatic niche component to colonize the lungs. Nature Medicine 17 (7):867–74. doi: 10.1038/nm.2379.
  • Oyugi, D. A., X. Luo, K. S. Lee, B. Hill, and E. B. Izevbigie. 2009. Activity markers of the anti-breast carcinoma cell growth fractions of Vernonia amygdalina extracts. Experimental Biology and Medicine 234 (4):410–7. doi: 10.3181/0811-RM-325.
  • Pakbin, B., S. P. Dibazar, S. Allahyari, M. Javadi, Z. Amani, A. Farasat, and S. Darzi. 2022. Anticancer properties of probiotic saccharomyces boulardii supernatant on human breast cancer cells. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins. doi: 10.1007/s12602-021-09756-w.
  • Palozza, P., N. Parrone, A. Catalano, and R. Simone. 2010. Tomato lycopene and inflammatory cascade: Basic interactions and clinical implications. Current Medicinal Chemistry 17 (23):2547–63. doi: 10.2174/092986710791556041.
  • Pappa, G., M. Lichtenberg, R. Iori, J. Barillari, H. Bartsch, and C. Gerhäuser. 2006. Comparison of growth inhibition profiles and mechanisms of apoptosis induction in human colon cancer cell lines by isothiocyanates and indoles from Brassicaceae. Mutation Research 599 (1–2):76–87. doi: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.01.007.
  • Pari, L., and P. Murugan. 2007. Changes in glycoprotein components in streptozotocin - nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetes: Influence of tetrahydrocurcumin from curcuma longa. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 62 (1):25–9. doi: 10.1007/s11130-006-0037-1.
  • Pascual, G., A. Avgustinova, S. Mejetta, M. Martín, A. Castellanos, C. S.-O. Attolini, A. Berenguer, N. Prats, A. Toll, J. A. Hueto, et al. 2017. Targeting metastasis-initiating cells through the fatty acid receptor CD36. Nature 541 (7635):41–5. doi: 10.1038/nature20791.
  • Pellegrini, M., M. Ippolito, T. Monge, R. Violi, P. Cappello, I. Ferrocino, L. S. Cocolin, A. De Francesco, S. Bo, C. Finocchiaro, et al. 2020. Gut microbiota composition after diet and probiotics in overweight breast cancer survivors: A randomized open-label pilot intervention trial. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, CA) 74:110749. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110749.
  • Peng, S. J., J. Li, Y. Zhou, M. Tuo, X. X. Qin, Q. Yu, et al. 2017. In vitro effects and mechanisms of lycopene in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Genetics and Molecular Research 16 (2). doi: 10.4238/gmr16029434.
  • Peppone, L. J., A. J. Huston, M. E. Reid, R. N. Rosier, Y. Zakharia, D. L. Trump, K. M. Mustian, M. C. Janelsins, J. Q. Purnell, and G. R. Morrow. 2011. The effect of various vitamin D supplementation regimens in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 127 (1):171–7. doi: 10.1007/s10549-011-1415-4.
  • Pereira, L., P. Silva, M. Duarte, L. Rodrigues, C. Duarte, C. Albuquerque, and A. Serra. 2017. Targeting colorectal cancer proliferation, stemness and metastatic potential using brassicaceae extracts enriched in isothiocyanates: A 3D cell model-based study. Nutrients 9 (4):368. doi: 10.3390/nu9040368.
  • Perez, E. A. 1998. Paclitaxel in breast cancer. The Oncologist 3 (6):373–89. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.3-6-373.
  • Perez, E. A. 2009. Microtubule inhibitors: Differentiating tubulin-inhibiting agents based on mechanisms of action, clinical activity, and resistance. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 8 (8):2086–95. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.Mct-09-0366.
  • Peters, A. A., G. Buchanan, C. Ricciardelli, T. Bianco-Miotto, M. M. Centenera, J. M. Harris, S. Jindal, D. Segara, L. Jia, N. L. Moore, et al. 2009. Androgen receptor inhibits estrogen receptor-α activity and is prognostic in breast cancer. Cancer Research 69 (15):6131–40. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.Can-09-0452.
  • Petersen, M., E. Häusler, B. Karwatzki, and J. Meinhard. 1993. Proposed biosynthetic pathway for rosmarinic acid in cell cultures of Coleus blumei Benth. Planta 189 (1):10–14. doi: 10.1007/BF00201337.
  • Peterson, C. T., D. A. Rodionov, A. L. Osterman, and S. N. Peterson. 2020. B vitamins and their role in immune regulation and cancer. Nutrients 12 (11):3380. doi: 10.3390/nu12113380.
  • Pindiprolu, S., P. T. Krishnamurthy, and P. K. Chintamaneni. 2018. Pharmacological targets of breast cancer stem cells: A review. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology 391 (5):463–79. doi: 10.1007/s00210-018-1479-3.
  • Pirouzpanah, S., P. Varshosaz, A. Fakhrjou, and V. Montazeri. 2019. The contribution of dietary and plasma folate and cobalamin to levels of angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2 and Tie-2 receptors depend on vascular endothelial growth factor status of primary breast cancer patients. Scientific Reports 9 (1):14851. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51050-x.
  • Pizato, N., B. C. Luzete, L. F. M. V. Kiffer, L. H. Corrêa, I. de Oliveira Santos, J. A. F. Assumpção, M. K. Ito, and K. G. Magalhães. 2018. Omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid induces pyroptosis cell death in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Scientific Reports 8 (1):1952. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20422-0.
  • Pizzuti, L., M. Barba, M. Mazzotta, E. Krasniqi, M. Maugeri-Saccà, T. Gamucci, R. Berardi, L. Livi, C. Ficorella, C. Natoli, et al. 2021. The prognostic relevance of HER2-positivity gain in metastatic breast cancer in the ChangeHER trial. Scientific Reports 11 (1):13770. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-92774-z.
  • Pledgie-Tracy, A., M. D. Sobolewski, and N. E. Davidson. 2007. Sulforaphane induces cell type-specific apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 6 (3):1013–21. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-06-0494.
  • Pons, D. G., M. Nadal-Serrano, M. M. Blanquer-Rossello, J. Sastre-Serra, J. Oliver, and P. Roca. 2014. Genistein modulates proliferation and mitochondrial functionality in breast cancer cells depending on ERalpha/ERbeta ratio. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 115 (5):949–58. doi: 10.1002/jcb.24737.
  • Pourbaferani, M., S. Modiri, A. Norouzy, H. Maleki, M. Heidari, L. Alidoust, V. Derakhshan, H. S. Zahiri, and K. A. Noghabi. 2021. A newly characterized potentially probiotic strain, lactobacillus brevis MK05, and the toxicity effects of its secretory proteins against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins 13 (4):982–92. doi: 10.1007/s12602-021-09766-8.
  • Prasad, R. G., Y. H. Choi, and G.-Y. Kim. 2015. Shikonin isolated from lithospermum erythrorhizon downregulates proinflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells by suppressing crosstalk between reactive oxygen species and NF-κB. Biomolecules & Therapeutics 23 (2):110–8. doi: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.006.
  • Qi, X., Y. Lin, X. Liu, J. Chen, and B. Shen. 2020. Biomarker discovery for the carcinogenic heterogeneity between colon and rectal cancers based on lncRNA-associated ceRNA network analysis. Frontiers in Oncology 10:535985. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.535985.
  • Qian, F., J. Wang, Y. Wang, Q. Gao, W. Yan, Y. Lin, L. Shen, Y. Xie, X. Jiang, and B. Shen. 2021. MiR-378a-3p as a putative biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and prognosis: Computational screening with experimental validation. Clinical and Translational Medicine 11 (2):e307. doi: 10.1002/ctm2.307.
  • Qin, W., K. Zhang, K. Clarke, T. Weiland, and E. R. Sauter. 2014. Methylation and miRNA effects of resveratrol on mammary tumors vs. normal tissue. Nutrition and Cancer 66 (2):270–7. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2014.868910.
  • R, S., and A. R. 2021. Phenolics, antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of acanthus ilicifolius L. and heliotropium curassavicum L., of the Palk Bay Region, Tamilnadu. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 11 (2):92–9. doi: 10.35652/IGJPS.2021.112003.
  • Rahman, K. W., Y. Li, Z. Wang, S. H. Sarkar, and F. H. Sarkar. 2006. Gene expression profiling revealed survivin as a target of 3,3’-diindolylmethane-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Cancer Research 66 (9):4952–60. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-3918.
  • Raimondi, M., O. Randazzo, M. La Franca, G. Barone, E. Vignoni, D. Rossi, and S. Collina. 2019. DHFR inhibitors: Reading the past for discovering novel anticancer agents. Molecules 24 (6):1140. doi: 10.3390/molecules24061140.
  • Ravikumar, S., M. Fredimoses, and M. Gnanadesigan. 2012. Anticancer property of sediment actinomycetes against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2 (2):92–6. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60199-8.
  • Ravnik, Z., I. Muthiah, and P. Dhanaraj. 2021. Computational studies on bacterial secondary metabolites against breast cancer. Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics 39 (18):7056–64. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1805361.
  • Rayan, A., J. Raiyn, and M. Falah. 2017. Nature is the best source of anticancer drugs: Indexing natural products for their anticancer bioactivity. PloS One 12 (11):e0187925. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187925.
  • Raza, M. A., and D. Shahwar. 2013. Trypsin inhibitory potential and microbial transformation of rutin isolated from Citrus sinensis. Medicinal Chemistry Research 22 (8):3698–702. doi: 10.1007/s00044-012-0379-1.
  • Reichardt, N., S. H. Duncan, P. Young, A. Belenguer, C. McWilliam Leitch, K. P. Scott, H. J. Flint, and P. Louis. 2014. Phylogenetic distribution of three pathways for propionate production within the human gut microbiota. The ISME Journal 8 (6):1323–35. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2014.14.
  • Renju, G. L., G. Muraleedhara Kurup, and C. H. Saritha Kumari. 2013. Anti-inflammatory activity of lycopene isolated fromChlorella marinaon Type II Collagen induced arthritis inSprague Dawleyrats. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 35 (2):282–91. doi: 10.3109/08923973.2012.742534.
  • Riby, J. E., G. L. Firestone, and L. F. Bjeldanes. 2008. 3,3’-diindolylmethane reduces levels of HIF-1alpha and HIF-1 activity in hypoxic cultured human cancer cells. Biochemical Pharmacology 75 (9):1858–67. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.01.017.
  • Ridlon, J. M., S. C. Harris, S. Bhowmik, D. J. Kang, and P. B. Hylemon. 2016. Consequences of bile salt biotransformations by intestinal bacteria. Gut Microbes 7 (1):22–39. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2015.1127483.
  • Ridlon, J. M., D. J. Kang, and P. B. Hylemon. 2006. Bile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria. Journal of Lipid Research 47 (2):241–59. doi: 10.1194/jlr.R500013-JLR200.
  • Ronco, A. L., E. Espinosa, and J. M. Calderón. 2018. A case-control study on heme/non-heme iron and breast cancer risk. Annals of Clinical Nutrition 3:1011.
  • Roy, A. M., M. S. Baliga, and S. K. Katiyar. 2005. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces apoptosis in estrogen receptor-negative human breast carcinoma cells via modulation in protein expression of p53 and Bax and caspase-3 activation. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 4 (1):81–90. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.81.4.1.
  • Ruo, S. W., T. Alkayyali, M. Win, A. Tara, C. Joseph, A. Kannan, K. Srivastava, O. Ochuba, J. K. Sandhu, T. R. Went, et al. 2021. Role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in breast cancer and novel approaches in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Cureus 13:e17472. doi: 10.7759/cureus.17472.
  • Salimi, V., Z. Shahsavari, B. Safizadeh, A. Hosseini, N. Khademian, and M. Tavakoli-Yaraki. 2017. Sodium butyrate promotes apoptosis in breast cancer cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mitochondrial impairment. Lipids in Health and Disease 16 (1):208. doi: 10.1186/s12944-017-0593-4.
  • Samavat, H., G. Ursin, T. H. Emory, E. Lee, R. Wang, C. J. Torkelson, A. M. Dostal, K. Swenson, C. T. Le, C. S. Yang, et al. 2017. A randomized controlled trial of green tea extract supplementation and mammographic density in postmenopausal women at increased risk of breast cancer. Cancer Prevention Research (Philadelphia, PA) 10 (12):710–8. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-17-0187.
  • Sanchez-Jimenez, F., M. V. Ruiz-Perez, J. L. Urdiales, and M. A. Medina. 2013. Pharmacological potential of biogenic amine-polyamine interactions beyond neurotransmission. British Journal of Pharmacology 170 (1):4–16. doi: 10.1111/bph.12109.
  • Sanjivkumar, M., D. R. Babu, A. M. Suganya, T. Silambarasan, R. Balagurunathan, and G. Immanuel. 2016. Investigation on pharmacological activities of secondary metabolite extracted from a mangrove associated actinobacterium Streptomyces olivaceus (MSU3). Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 6:82–90. doi: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.03.001.
  • Santos Araújo, M. d C., I. L. Farias, J. Gutierres, S. L. Dalmora, N. Flores, J. Farias, I. de Cruz, J. Chiesa, V. M. Morsch, and M. R. Chitolina Schetinger. 2012. Uncaria tomentosa—Adjuvant treatment for breast cancer: Clinical trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: eCAM 2012:676984. doi: 10.1155/2012/676984.
  • Sareen, D., S. R. Darjatmoko, D. M. Albert, and A. S. Polans. 2007. Mitochondria, calcium, and calpain are key mediators of resveratrol-induced apoptosis in breast cancer. Molecular Pharmacology 72 (6):1466–75. doi: 10.1124/mol.107.039040.
  • Saretzki, G., S. S. Chung, C. Aroh, and J. V. Vadgama. 2013. Constitutive activation of STAT3 signaling regulates hTERT and promotes stem cell-like traits in human breast cancer cells. PLoS ONE. 8 (12):e83971. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083971.
  • Sarkar, S., A. Choudhury, and B. K. Dey. 2021. Ayurveda in management of side effects of oncotherapy. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 11 (3):20–7. doi: 10.35652/IGJPS.2021.113003.
  • Sartorelli, P., C. S. Carvalho, J. Q. Reimão, M. J. P. Ferreira, and A. G. Tempone. 2009. Antiparasitic activity of biochanin A, an isolated isoflavone from fruits of Cassia fistula (Leguminosae). Parasitology Research 104 (2):311–4. doi: 10.1007/s00436-008-1193-z.
  • Scheckel, K. A., S. C. Degner, and D. F. Romagnolo. 2008. Rosmarinic acid antagonizes activator protein-1-dependent activation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human cancer and nonmalignant cell lines. The Journal of Nutrition 138 (11):2098–105. doi: 10.3945/jn.108.090431.
  • Schley, P. D., H. B. Jijon, L. E. Robinson, and C. J. Field. 2005. Mechanisms of omega-3 fatty acid-induced growth inhibition in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 92 (2):187–95. doi: 10.1007/s10549-005-2415-z.
  • Schon, K., and M. Tischkowitz. 2018. Clinical implications of germline mutations in breast cancer: TP53. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 167 (2):417–23. doi: 10.1007/s10549-017-4531-y.
  • Schott, A. F., M. D. Landis, G. Dontu, K. A. Griffith, R. M. Layman, I. Krop, L. A. Paskett, H. Wong, L. E. Dobrolecki, M. T. Lewis, et al. 2013. Preclinical and clinical studies of gamma secretase inhibitors with docetaxel on human breast tumors. Clinical Cancer Research: An Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 19 (6):1512–24. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-11-3326.
  • Schover, L. R. 2008. Androgen therapy for loss of desire in women: Is the benefit worth the breast cancer risk? Fertility and Sterility 90 (1):129–40. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.05.057.
  • Schulthess, J., S. Pandey, M. Capitani, K. C. Rue-Albrecht, I. Arnold, F. Franchini, A. Chomka, N. E. Ilott, D. G. W. Johnston, E. Pires, et al. 2019. The short chain fatty acid butyrate imprints an antimicrobial program in macrophages. Immunity 50 (2):432–45.e437. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.018.
  • Schwartz, J. 2009. Current combination chemotherapy regimens for metastatic breast cancer. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy: AJHP: Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 66 (23 Suppl 6):S3–S8. doi: 10.2146/ajhp090438.
  • Secreto, G., E. Venturelli, E. Meneghini, M. Greco, C. Ferraris, M. Gion, M. Zancan, A. S. Fabricio, F. Berrino, A. Cavalleri, et al. 2009. Testosterone and biological characteristics of breast cancers in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 18 (11):2942–8. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0540.
  • Seely, D., E. J. Mills, P. Wu, S. Verma, and G. H. Guyatt. 2005. The effects of green tea consumption on incidence of breast cancer and recurrence of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Integrative Cancer Therapies 4 (2):144–55. doi: 10.1177/1534735405276420.
  • Sehdev, V., J. C. Lai, and A. Bhushan. 2009. Biochanin A modulates cell viability, invasion, and growth promoting signaling pathways in HER-2-positive breast cancer cells. Journal of Oncology 2009:121458. doi: 10.1155/2009/121458.
  • Seiler, N. 2004. Catabolism of polyamines. Amino Acids 26 (3):217–33. doi: 10.1007/s00726-004-0070-z.
  • Semiglasov, V., V. Stepula, A. Dudov, W. Lehmacher, and U. Mengs. 2004. The standardised mistletoe extract PS76A2 improves QoL in patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant CMF chemotherapy: A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre clinical trial. Anticancer Research 24 (2C):1293–302.
  • Senapati, S., A. K. Mahanta, S. Kumar, and P. Maiti. 2018. Controlled drug delivery vehicles for cancer treatment and their performance. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 3 (1):7. doi: 10.1038/s41392-017-0004-3.
  • Ser, H. L., N. S. Ab Mutalib, W. F. Yin, K. G. Chan, B. H. Goh, and L. H. Lee. 2015. Evaluation of antioxidative and cytotoxic activities of streptomyces pluripotens MUSC 137 isolated from mangrove soil in Malaysia. Frontiers in Microbiology 6:1398. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01398.
  • Shahida Parveen, S. D., B. Suresh Kumar, S. Raj Kumar, R. Imran Khan, and K. Pitchumani. 2015. Isolation of biochanin A, an isoflavone, and its selective sensing of copper(II) ion. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 221:75–80. doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2015.06.060.
  • Sharma, G. N., R. Dave, J. Sanadya, P. Sharma, and K. K. Sharma. 2010. Various types and management of breast cancer: An overview. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research 1 (2):109–26.
  • Sharma, A., R. Kaur, J. K. Katnoria, R. Kaur, and A. K. Nagpal. 2017. Family Fabaceae: A boon for cancer therapy. In Biotechnology and production of anti-cancer compounds, 157–75. Springer.
  • Shen, L., J. Bai, J. Wang, and B. Shen. 2021. The fourth scientific discovery paradigm for precision medicine and healthcare: Challenges ahead. Precision Clinical Medicine 4 (2):80–4. doi: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbab007.
  • Shen, L., K. Shen, J. Bai, J. Wang, R. K. Singla, and B. Shen. 2020. Data-driven microbiota biomarker discovery for personalized drug therapy of cardiovascular disease. Pharmacological Research 161:105225. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105225.
  • Shen, B., and R. K. Singla. 2020. Secondary metabolites as treatment of choice for metabolic disorders and infectious diseases & their metabolic profiling-part 2. Current Drug Metabolism 21 (14):1070–1. doi: 10.2174/138920022114201230142204.
  • Shen, B.-B., Y.-P. Yang, S. Yasamin, N. Liang, W. Su, S.-H. Chen, X.-J. Wang, and W. Wang. 2018. Analysis of the phytochemistry and bioactivity of the genus polygonum of polygonaceae. Digital Chinese Medicine 1 (1):19–36. doi: 10.1016/S2589-3777(19)30005-9.
  • Shi, J., Q. Zeng, Y. Liu, and Z. Pan. 2012. Alternaria sp. MG1, a resveratrol-producing fungus: Isolation, identification, and optimal cultivation conditions for resveratrol production. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 95 (2):369–79. doi: 10.1007/s00253-012-4045-9.
  • Shim, H. Y., J. H. Park, H. D. Paik, S. Y. Nah, D. S. Kim, and Y. S. Han. 2007. Genistein-induced apoptosis of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells involves calpain-caspase and apoptosis signaling kinase 1-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation cascades. Anti-Cancer Drugs 18 (6):649–57. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0b013e3280825573.
  • Shimono, Y., J. Mukohyama, S-i. Nakamura, and H. Minami. 2015. MicroRNA regulation of human breast cancer stem cells. Journal of Clinical Medicine 5 (1):2. doi: 10.3390/jcm5010002.
  • Shin, S. C., and J. S. Choi. 2009. Effects of epigallocatechin gallate on the oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its main metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, in rats. Anti-Cancer Drugs 20 (7):584–8. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0b013e32832d6834.
  • Shiovitz, S., and L. A. Korde. 2015. Genetics of breast cancer: A topic in evolution. Annals of Oncology 26 (7):1291–9. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdv022.
  • Siegel, R. L., K. D. Miller, H. E. Fuchs, and A. Jemal. 2021. Cancer Statistics, 2021. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 71 (1):7–33. doi: 10.3322/caac.21654.
  • Simões, B. M., C. S. O’Brien, R. Eyre, A. Silva, L. Yu, A. Sarmiento-Castro, D. G. Alférez, K. Spence, A. Santiago-Gómez, F. Chemi, et al. 2015. Anti-estrogen resistance in human breast tumors is driven by JAG1-NOTCH4-dependent cancer stem cell activity. Cell Reports 12 (12):1968–77. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.050.
  • Singla, R. K. 2020. Secondary metabolites as treatment of choice for metabolic disorders and infectious diseases and their metabolic profiling: Part 1. Current Drug Metabolism 21 (7):480–1. doi: 10.2174/138920022107200925101631.
  • Singla, R. K., T. Agarwal, X. He, and B. Shen. 2021a. Herbal resources to combat a progressive & degenerative nervous system disorder- parkinson’s disease. Current Drug Targets 22 (6):609–30. doi: 10.2174/1389450121999201013155202.
  • Singla, R. K., V. Dhir, R. Madaan, D. Kumar, S. Singh Bola, M. Bansal, S. Kumar, A. K. Dubey, S. Singla, and B. Shen. 2022. The genus alternanthera: phytochemical and ethnopharmacological perspectives. Frontiers in Pharmacology 13:769111. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.769111.
  • Singla, R. K., and A. K. Dubey. 2019. Molecules and metabolites from natural products as inhibitors of biofilm in Candida spp. pathogens. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 19 (28):2567–78. doi: 10.2174/1568026619666191025154834.
  • Singla, R. K., H. D. Dubey, and A. K. Dubey. 2014. Therapeutic spectrum of bacterial metabolites. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 4 (2):52–64. doi: 10.35652/IGJPS.2014.108.
  • Singla, R. K., A. G. Guimaraes, and G. Zengin. 2020a. Editorial: Application of plant secondary metabolites to pain neuromodulation. Frontiers in Pharmacology 11:623399. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.623399.
  • Singla, R. K., R. Gupta, S. Joon, A. K. Gupta, and B. Shen. 2021b. Isolation, docking and in silico ADME-T studies of acacianol: Novel antibacterial isoflavone analogue isolated from acacia leucophloea bark. Current Drug Metabolism 22:893–904. doi: 10.2174/1389200222666211005091417.
  • Singla, R. K., X. He, H. Chopra, C. Tsagkaris, L. Shen, M. A. Kamal, and B. Shen. 2021c. Natural products for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic: Sustainable bioresources. Frontiers in Pharmacology 12. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.758159.
  • Singla, R. K., C. S. Sai, H. Chopra, S. Behzad, H. Bansal, R. Goyal, R. K. Gautam, C. Tsagkaris, S. Joon, S. Singla, et al. 2021d. Natural products for the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer: Special focus on nanoparticles based studies. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 9:745177. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.745177.
  • Singla, R. K., P. Sharma, A. K. Dubey, R. Gundamaraju, D. Kumar, S. Kumar, R. Madaan, R. Shri, C. Tsagkaris, S. Parisi, et al. 2021e. Natural product-based studies for the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer: Computational to clinical studies. Frontiers in Pharmacology 12:732266. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732266.
  • Singla, R. K., A. Sultana, M. S. Alam, and B. Shen. 2020b. Regulation of pain genes-capsaicin vs resiniferatoxin: Reassessment of transcriptomic data. Frontiers in Pharmacology 11:551786. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.551786.
  • Sitarek, P., A. Merecz-Sadowska, T. Śliwiński, R. Zajdel, and T. Kowalczyk. 2020. An in vitro evaluation of the molecular mechanisms of action of medical plants from the lamiaceae family as effective sources of active compounds against human cancer cell lines. Cancers 12 (10):2957. doi: 10.3390/cancers12102957.
  • Sledge, G. W., D. Neuberg, P. Bernardo, J. N. Ingle, S. Martino, E. K. Rowinsky, and W. C. Wood. 2003. Phase III trial of doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and the combination of doxorubicin and paclitaxel as front-line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer: An intergroup trial (E1193). Journal of Clinical Oncology: Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 21 (4):588–92. doi: 10.1200/jco.2003.08.013.
  • Smith, A., J. F. Pierre, L. Makowski, E. Tolley, B. Lyn-Cook, L. Lu, G. Vidal, and A. Starlard-Davenport. 2019. Distinct microbial communities that differ by race, stage, or breast-tumor subtype in breast tissues of non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White women. Scientific Reports 9 (1):1–10. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48348-1.
  • Solowey, E., M. Lichtenstein, S. Sallon, H. Paavilainen, E. Solowey, and H. Lorberboum-Galski. 2014. Evaluating medicinal plants for anticancer activity. The Scientific World Journal 2014:1–12. doi: 10.1155/2014/721402.
  • Song, K., and M. Farzaneh. 2021. Signaling pathways governing breast cancer stem cells behavior. Stem Cell Research & Therapy 12 (1):245. doi: 10.1186/s13287-021-02321-w.
  • Sonia, K., K. S. Meena, and S. A. Bai. 2022. In vitroCytotoxic activity of a sulphated polysaccharide ulvan against human breast and glioblastoma cell line. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 12:122–7. doi: 10.35652/IGJPS.2022.12012.
  • Sordi, R., A. T. Castro, M. N. Lera, M. d. M. Irene, C. Farinazzo, D. d. Sette, A. L. d. Iracema Gomes Cubero, A. d. Castro Baccarin, and S. N. Giglio, Medical Residents of Clinical Oncology of the Brazilian Institute of Cancer Control. 2019. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase ii clinical trial on the use of uncaria tomentosa (Cat’s claw) for aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia: A pilot study. Journal of Natural Remedies 19 (1):24–31. doi: 10.18311/jnr/2019/22867.
  • Sorkin, B. C., A. J. Kuszak, G. Bloss, N. K. Fukagawa, F. A. Hoffman, M. Jafari, B. Barrett, P. N. Brown, F. D. Bushman, S. J. Casper, et al. 2020. Improving natural product research translation: From source to clinical trial. FASEB Journal: Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 34 (1):41–65. doi: 10.1096/fj.201902143R.
  • Sparano, J. A., E. Vrdoljak, O. Rixe, B. Xu, A. Manikhas, C. Medina, S. C. Ventilari Da Costa, J. Ro, G. Rubio, M. Rondinon, et al. 2010. Randomized phase III trial of ixabepilone plus capecitabine versus capecitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with an anthracycline and a taxane. Journal of Clinical Oncology 28 (20):3256–63. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.24.4244.
  • Srikham, K., W. Daengprok, P. Niamsup, and M. Thirabunyanon. 2021. Characterization of Streptococcus salivarius as new probiotics derived from human breast milk and their potential on proliferative inhibition of liver and breast cancer cells and antioxidant activity. Frontiers in Microbiology 12. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.797445.
  • Srinivasan, R., D. Natarajan, and M. S. Shivakumar. 2015. Antioxidant Compound Quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside(1→6)- β-D-glucose (Rutin) isolated from ethyl acetate leaf extracts of Memecylon edule Roxb (Melastamataceae). Free Radicals and Antioxidants 5 (1):35–42. doi: 10.5530/fra.2015.1.6.
  • Srivastava, V., R. K. Singla, and A. K. Dubey. 2018a. Emerging virulence, drug resistance and future anti-fungal drugs for candida pathogens. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 18 (9):759–78. doi: 10.2174/1568026618666180528121707.
  • Srivastava, V., R. K. Singla, and A. K. Dubey. 2018b. Inhibition of biofilm and virulence factors of candida albicans by partially purified secondary metabolites of streptomyces chrestomyceticus strain ADP4. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 18 (11):925–45. doi: 10.2174/1568026618666180711154110.
  • Sung, S.-Y., Y.-A. Chen, H.-M. Lien, M.-C. Kao, U. G. Lo, L.-C. Lin, et al. (2017). Sensitization of radioresistant prostate cancer cells by resveratrol isolated from Arachis hypsogaea stems. Plos One 12(1). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169204.
  • Sultana, A., R. K. Singla, X. He, Y. Sun, M. S. Alam, and B. Shen. 2021. Topical capsaicin for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Current Drug Metabolism 22 (3):198–207. doi: 10.2174/1389200221999201116143701.
  • Swain, S. M., J.-H. Jeong, C. E. Geyer, J.P. Costantino, E. R. Pajon, L. Fehrenbacher, et al. (2010). Longer therapy, iatrogenic amenorrhea, and survival in early breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 362(22):2053–65s. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0909638.
  • Swales, K. E., M. Korbonits, R. Carpenter, D. T. Walsh, D. T. Warner, and D. Bishop-Bailey. (2006). The farnesoid X receptor is expressed in breast cancer and regulates apoptosis and aromatase expression. Cancer Research 66(20):10120–6. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-2399.
  • Tabaries, S., F. Dupuy, Z. Dong, A. Monast, M. G. Annis, J. Spicer, et al. (2012). Claudin-2 promotes breast cancer liver metastasis by facilitating tumor cell interactions with hepatocytes. Molecular and Cellular Biology 32(15):2979–91. doi: 10.1128/MCB.00299-12.
  • Tabaries, S., V. Ouellet, B. E. Hsu, M. G. Annis, A. A. Rose, L. Meunier, et al. (2015). Granulocytic immune infiltrates are essential for the efficient formation of breast cancer liver metastases. Breast Cancer Research 17:45. doi: 10.1186/s13058-015-0558-3.
  • Tadi, K., Y. Chang, B. T. Ashok, Y. Chen, A. Moscatello, S. D. Schaefer, et al. (2005). 3,3′-Diindolylmethane, a cruciferous vegetable derived synthetic anti-proliferative compound in thyroid disease. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 337(3):1019–25. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.09.143.
  • Takeshima, M., M. Ono, T. Higuchi, C. Chen, T. Hara, and S. Nakano. (2014). Anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity of lycopene against three subtypes of human breast cancer cell lines. Cancer Science 105(3):252–7. doi: 10.1111/cas.12349.
  • Tamarkin, L., D. Danforth, A. Lichter, E. DeMoss, M. Cohen, B. Chabner, et al. (1982). Decreased nocturnal plasma melatonin peak in patients with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Science 216(4549):1003–5. doi: 10.1126/science.7079745.
  • Tan, J., C. McKenzie, M. Potamitis, A. N. Thorburn, C. R. Mackay, and L. Macia. (2014). The role of short-chain fatty acids in health and disease. Advances in Immunology 121:91–119. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800100-4.00003-9.
  • Tank, M., K. Franz, E. Cereda, and K. Norman. (2021). Dietary supplement use in ambulatory cancer patients: a survey on prevalence, motivation and attitudes. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 147(7):1917–25. doi: 10.1007/s00432-021-03594-7.
  • Tauseef Siddiqui, M., and M. Siddiqi. (1976). Hypolipidemic principles ofCicer Arietinum: Biochanin-A and formononetin. Lipids 11(3):243–6. doi: 10.1007/bf02532865.
  • Terrisse, S., L. Derosa, V. Iebba, F. Ghiringhelli, I. Vaz-Luis, G. Kroemer, et al. (2021). Intestinal microbiota influensces clinical outcome and side effects of early breast cancer treatment. Cell Death & Differentiation 28(9):2778–96.
  • Thangadurai, K., Rengasundari, S. P. Siva, et al. (2020). Molecular docking studies of deva chooranam against the starget protein 6LU7 of novel corona virus 2019. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 10(02):19–25. doi: 10.35652/igjps.2020.10204.
  • Theodoropoulos, P. A., H. Polioudaki, S. Agelaki, G. Kallergi, Z. Saridaki, D. Mavroudis, et al. (2010). Circulating tumor cells with a putative stem cell phenotype in peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer. Cancer Letters 288(1):99–106. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.06.027.
  • Thirunavukkarasan, M., C. Wang, A. Rao, T. Hind, Y. R. Teo, A. A. Siddiquee, et al. (2017). Short-chain fatty acid receptors inhibit invasive phenotypes in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 12(10):e0186334. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186334.
  • Thomas, E. S., H. L. Gomez, R. K. Li, H.-C. Chung, L. E. Fein, V. F. Chan, et al. (2007). Ixabepilone plus capecitabine for metastatic breast cancer progressing after anthracyclines and taxane treatment. Journal of Clinical Oncology 25(33):5210–7. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.12.6557.
  • Thompson, K. J., J. N. Ingle, X. Tang, N. Chia, P. R. Jeraldo, M. R. Walther-Antonio, et al. (2017). A comprehensive analysis of breast cancer microbiota and host gene expression. PLoS One 12(11):e0188873. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188873.
  • Tominaga, Y., A. Wang, R. H. Wang, X. Wang, L. Cao, and C. X. Deng. (2006). Genistein inhibits Brca1 mutant tumor growth through activation of DNA damage checkpoints, cell cycle arrest, and mitotic catastrophe. Cell Death & Differentiation 14(3):472–9. doi: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402037.
  • Urbaniak, C., G. B. Gloor, M. Brackstone, L. Scott, M. Tangney, and G. Reid. (2016). The microbiota of breast tissue and its association with breast cancer. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82(16):5039–48. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01235-16.
  • Valiente, M., A. C. Obenauf, X. Jin, Q. Chen, X. H. Zhang, D. J. Lee, et al. (2014). Serpins promote cancer cell survival and vascular co-option in brain metastasis. Cell 156(5):1002–16. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.01.040.
  • Vassilopoulos, A., R.-H. Wang, C. Petrovas, D. Ambrozak, R. Koup, and C.-X. Deng. (2008). Identification and characterization of cancer initiating cells from BRCA1 related mammary tumors using markers for normal mammary stem cells. International Journal of Biological Sciences 133–142. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.4.133.
  • Vattai, A., E. Akyol, C. Kuhn, S. Hofmann, H. Heidegger, F. von Koch, et al. (2017). Increased trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) expression is associated with a positive survival rate in patients with breast cancer. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 143(9):1637–47. doi: 10.1007/s00432-017-2420-8.
  • Velasco-Velázquez, M. A., V. M. Popov, M. P. Lisanti, and R. G. Pestell. (2011). The role of breast cancer stem cells in metastasis and therapeutic implications. The American Journal of Pathology 179(1):2–11. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.03.005.
  • Vogelsang, K., B. Schneider, and M. Petersen. (2005). Production of rosmarinic acid and a new rosmarinic acid 3′-O-β-D-glucoside in suspension cultures of the hornwort Anthoceros agrestis Paton. Planta 223(2):369–73. doi: 10.1007/s00425-005-0089-8.
  • Wang, R. H., K. Sengupta, C. Li, H. S. Kim, L. Cao, C. Xiao, et al. (2008a). Impaired DNA damage response, genome instability, and tumorigenesis in SIRT1 mutant mice. Cancer Cell 14(4):312–23. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.09.001.
  • Wang, T. T. Y., N. W. Schoene, J. A. Milner, and Y. S. Kim. (2012). Broccoli-derived phytochemicals indole-3-carbinol and 3,3′-diindolylmethane exerts concentration-dependent pleiotropic effects on prostate cancer cells: Comparison with other cancer preventive phytochemicals. Molecular Carcinogenesis 51(3):244–56. doi: 10.1002/mc.20774.
  • Wang, Y., K. W. Lee, F. L. Chan, S. Chen, and L. K. Leung. (2006). The red wine polyphenol resveratrol displays bilevel inhibition on aromatase in breast cancer cells. Toxicological Sciences 92(1):71–7. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj190.
  • Weitzel, C., and M. Petersen. (2011). Cloning and characterisation of rosmarinic acid synthase from Melissa officinalis L. Phytochemistry 72(7):572–8. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.01.039.
  • Welsh, J. (2018). Vitamin D and breast cancer: past and present. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 177:15–20. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.07.025.
  • Wildiers, H., H. Denys, C. Fontaine, and A. Awada. (2014). Adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens in breast cancer: summary from the BSMO breast cancer task force meeting. Belgian Journal of Medical Oncology 8(4):116–24.
  • Willenbacher, E., S. Z. Khan, S. C. A. Mujica, D. Trapani, S. Hussain, D. Wolf, et al. (2019). Curcumin: new insights into an ancient ingredient against cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20(8):1808. doi: 10.3390/ijms20081808.
  • Willis, J. R., and T. Gabaldón. (2020). The human oral microbiome in health and disease: from sequences to ecosystems. Microorganisms 8(2):308. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8020308.
  • Wong, F. C., C. C. Woo, A. Hsu, and B. K. Tan. (2013). The anti-cancer activities of Vernonia amygdalina extract in human breast cancer cell lines are mediated through caspase-dependent and p53-independent pathways. PLoS One 8(10):e78021. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078021.
  • Wu, K., H. Xu, Y. Tian, X. Yuan, H. Wu, Q. Liu, and R. Pestell. 2015. The role of CD44 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer development. OncoTargets and Therapy 8:3783–92. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S95470.
  • Xie, Q., Q. Bai, L.-Y. Zou, Q.-Y. Zhang, Y. Zhou, H. Chang, L. Yi, J.-D. Zhu, and M.-T. Mi. 2014. Genistein inhibits DNA methylation and increases expression of tumor suppressor genes in human breast cancer cells. Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer 53 (5):422–31. doi: 10.1002/gcc.22154.
  • Xie, S. M. Tan, H. Li, L. Li, H. Zhang, Q. Wang, et al. 2021. Study on the correlation between B vitamins and breast cancer. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-961568/v1.
  • Xu, X., M. Zhang, F. Xu, and S. Jiang. 2020. Wnt signaling in breast cancer: Biological mechanisms, challenges and opportunities. Molecular Cancer 19 (1):165. doi: 10.1186/s12943-020-01276-5.
  • Xuan, C., J. M. Shamonki, A. Chung, M. L. Dinome, M. Chung, P. A. Sieling, and D. J. Lee. 2014. Microbial dysbiosis is associated with human breast cancer. PloS One 9 (1):e83744. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083744.
  • Yager, J. D., and N. E. Davidson. 2006. Estrogen carcinogenesis in breast cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine 354 (3):270–82. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra050776.
  • Yang, J., Y. Cao, J. Sun, and Y. Zhang. 2010. Curcumin reduces the expression of Bcl-2 by upregulating miR-15a and miR-16 in MCF-7 cells. Medical Oncology (Northwood, London, England) 27 (4):1114–8. doi: 10.1007/s12032-009-9344-3.
  • Yang, Y.-C., M.-Y. Lim, and H.-S. Lee. 2003. Emodin isolated from Cassia obtusifolia (Leguminosae) seed shows larvicidal activity against three mosquito species. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51 (26):7629–31. doi: 10.1021/jf034727t.
  • Yang, Y., X. Li, T. Wang, Q. Guo, T. Xi, and L. Zheng. 2020. Emerging agents that target signaling pathways in cancer stem cells. Journal of Hematology & Oncology 13 (1):60. doi: 10.1186/s13045-020-00901-6.
  • Yang, F., S. S. Teves, C. J. Kemp, and S. Henikoff. 2014. Doxorubicin, DNA torsion, and chromatin dynamics. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1845 (1):84–9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.12.002.
  • Yang, F., J. Xu, L. Tang, and X. Guan. 2017. Breast cancer stem cell: The roles and therapeutic implications. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS 74 (6):951–66. doi: 10.1007/s00018-016-2334-7.
  • Yang, S., Q. Zhou, and X. Yang. 2007. Caspase-3 status is a determinant of the differential responses to genistein between MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1773 (6):903–11. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.03.021.
  • Yao, Y., A. M. Brodie, N. E. Davidson, T. W. Kensler, and Q. Zhou. 2010. Inhibition of estrogen signaling activates the NRF2 pathway in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 124 (2):585–91. doi: 10.1007/s10549-010-1023-8.
  • Yao, Y., and Q. Zhou. 2010. A novel antiestrogen agent Shikonin inhibits estrogen-dependent gene transcription in human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 121 (1):233–40. doi: 10.1007/s10549-009-0547-2.
  • Yedjou, C., Izevbigie, E., and Tchounwou, P. (2008). Preclinical assessment of vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts as DNA damaging anti-cancer agent in the management of breast cancer. International Journal of Environemental Research and Public Health 5 (5):337–341. doi: 10.3390/ijerph5050337.
  • Yesil-Celiktas, O., C. Sevimli, E. Bedir, and F. Vardar-Sukan. 2010. Inhibitory effects of rosemary extracts, carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid on the growth of various human cancer cell lines. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 65 (2):158–63. doi: 10.1007/s11130-010-0166-4.
  • Yonezawa, T., Y. Kobayashi, and Y. Obara. 2007. Short-chain fatty acids induce acute phosphorylation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/heat shock protein 27 pathway via GPR43 in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Cellular Signalling 19 (1):185–93. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.06.004.
  • Yu, X., A.-M. Shahir, J. Sha, Z. Feng, B. Eapen, S. Nithianantham, B. Das, J. Karn, A. Weinberg, N. F. Bissada, et al. 2014. Short-chain fatty acids from periodontal pathogens suppress histone deacetylases, EZH2, and SUV39H1 to promote Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication. Journal of Virology 88 (8):4466–79. doi: 10.1128/JVI.03326-13.
  • Zhang, Y., X. Bin, and X-p. Zhang. 2018. Effects of miRNAs on functions of breast cancer stem cells and treatment of breast cancer. OncoTargets and Therapy 11:4263–70. doi: 10.2147/ott.S165156.
  • Zhang, L., C. J. Chang, S. S. Bacus, and M. C. Hung. 1995. Suppressed transformation and induced differentiation of HER-2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer cells by emodin. Cancer Research 55 (17):3890–6.
  • Zhang, J. Q., and G. Plitas. 2021. Immunotherapeutic strategies in breast cancer: A clinical update. Journal of Surgical Oncology 123 (3):710–7. doi: 10.1002/jso.26287.
  • Zhang, Y., R. Q. Qian, and P. P. Li. 2009. Shikonin, an ingredient of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, down-regulates the expression of steroid sulfatase genes in breast cancer cells. Cancer Letters 284 (1):47–54. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.04.008.
  • Zhang, C.-H., J. Wang, L.-X. Zhang, Y.-H. Lu, T.-H. Ji, L. Xu, and L.-J. Ling. 2017. Shikonin reduces tamoxifen resistance through long non-coding RNA uc.57. Oncotarget 8 (51):88658–69. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.20809.
  • Zhang, G., Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, X. Wan, J. Li, K. Liu, F. Wang, K. Liu, Q. Liu, C. Yang, et al. 2012. Anti-cancer activities of tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate in breast cancer patients under radiotherapy. Current Molecular Medicine 12 (2):163–76. doi: 10.2174/156652412798889063.
  • Zhao, Z., P. Lu, H. Zhang, H. Xu, N. Gao, M. Li, and C. Liu. 2014. Nestin positively regulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the proliferation, survival and invasiveness of breast cancer stem cells. Breast Cancer Research 16 (4):408. doi: 10.1186/s13058-014-0408-8.
  • Zheng, J.-S., X.-J. Hu, Y.-M. Zhao, J. Yang, and D. Li. 2013. Intake of fish and marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of breast cancer: Meta-analysis of data frSom 21 independent prospective cohort studies. BMJ (Clinical Research ed.) 346:f3706. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f3706.
  • Zhu, H., X. Lei, J. Feng, and Y. Wang. 2012. Oral contraceptive use and risk of breast cancer: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care: The Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception 17 (6):402–14. doi: 10.3109/13625187.2012.715357.
  • Zolfaroli, I., J. J. Tarín, and A. Cano. 2018. Hormonal contraceptives and breast cancer: AClinical data. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 230:212–6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.03.058.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.