Goal-setting practices in sport psychology: An investigation into practitioner experiences

References

• Bell, A. F., Knight, C. J., Lovett, V. E., & Shearer, C. (2022). Understanding elite youth athletes’ knowledge and perceptions of sport psychology. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 34(1), 155–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2020.1719556
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., Clarke, V., Boulton, E., Davey, L., & McEvoy, C. (2021). The online survey as a qualitative research tool. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 24(6), 641–654. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2020.1805550
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird, M. D., Swann, C., & Jackman, P. C. (2024). The what, why, and how of goal setting: A review of the goal-setting process in applied sport psychology practice. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 36(1), 75–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2023.2185699
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodenheimer, T., & Handley, M. A. (2009). Goal-setting for behavior change in primary care: An exploration and status report. Patient Education and Counseling, 76(2), 174–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2009.06.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burton, D. (1989). Winning isn’t everything: Examining the impact of performance goals on collegiate swimmers’ cognitions and performance. The Sport Psychologist, 3(2), 105–132. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.3.2.105
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2017). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Daw, J., & Burton, D. (1994). Evaluation of a comprehensive psychological skills training program for collegiate tennis players. The Sport Psychologist, 8(1), 37–57. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.8.1.37
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diment, G., Henriksen, K., & Larsen, C. H. (2020). Team Denmark’s sport psychology professional philosophy 2.0. Scandinavian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2, 26–32. https://doi.org/10.7146/sjsep.v2i0.115660
   Google Scholar
• Dwyer, S. C., & Buckle, J. L. (2009). The space between: On being an insider-outsider in qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(1), 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690900800105
   Google Scholar
• Ellis, S., Carette, B., Anseel, F., & Lievens, F. (2014). Systematic reflection: Implications for learning from failures and successes. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(1), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721413504106
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fogaça, J. L., Quartiroli, A., & Wagstaff, C. (2024). Professional development of sport psychology practitioners: From systematic review to a model of development. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 70, 102550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102550
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foley, A. (1998). A review of goal planning in the rehabilitation of the spinal cord injured person. Journal of Orthopaedic Nursing, 2(3), 148–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-3111(98)80030-7
   Google Scholar
• Gillham, A., & Weiler, D. (2013). Goal setting with a college soccer team: What went right, and less-than-right. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 4(2), 97–108. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2013.764560
   Google Scholar
• Hutter, R. V., Oldenhof-Veldman, T., & Oudejans, R. R. (2015). What trainee sport psychologists want to learn in supervision. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 16, 101–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.08.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong, Y. H., Healy, L. C., & McEwan, D. (2023). The application of goal setting theory to goal setting interventions in sport: A systematic review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(1), 474–499. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2021.1901298
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirschenbaum, D. (1997). Mind matters: 7 steps to smarter sport performance. Cooper Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Kyllo, L. B., & Landers, D. M. (1995). Goal setting in sport and exercise: A research synthesis to resolve the controversy. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(2), 117–137. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.17.2.117
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lochbaum, M., & Gottardy, J. (2015). A meta-analytic review of the approach-avoidance achievement goals and performance relationships in the sport psychology literature. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 4(2), 164–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2013.12.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lochbaum, M., Stoner, E., Hefner, T., Cooper, S., Lane, A. M., & Terry, P. C. (2022). Sport psychology and performance meta-analyses: A systematic review of the literature. PloS One, 17(2), e0263408. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2006). New directions in goal-setting theory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(5), 265–268. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00449.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maitland, A., & Gervis, M. (2010). Goal-setting in youth football. Are coaches missing an opportunity? Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy, 15(4), 323–343. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408980903413461
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maykut, P., & Morehouse, R. (2002). Beginning qualitative research: A philosophical and practical guide. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Martin, S. B., Zakrajsek, R. A., & Wrisberg, C. A. (2012). Attitudes toward sport psychology and seeking assistance: Key factors and a proposed model. In C. D. Hogan & M. I. Hodges (Eds.), Psychology of attitudes (pp. 1–33). Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• McCarthy, P. J., Jones, M. V., Harwood, C. G., & Davenport, L. (2010). Using goal setting to enhance positive affect among junior multievent athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 4(1), 53–68. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.4.1.53
   Google Scholar
• Ntoumanis, N., Healy, L. C., Sedikides, C., Duda, J., Stewart, B., Smith, A., & Bond, J. (2014). When the going gets tough: The “why” of goal striving matters. Journal of Personality, 82(3), 225–236. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poczwardowski, A. (2019). Deconstructing sport and performance psychology consultant: Expert, person, performer, and self-regulator. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(5), 427–444. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2017.1390484
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schinke, R. J., Blodgett, A. T., Ryba, T. V., Kao, S. F., & Middleton, T. R. F. (2019). Cultural sport psychology as a pathway to advances in identity and settlement research to practice. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 42, 58–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.09.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schinke, R. J., & Stambulova, N. (2017). Context-driven sport and exercise psychology practice: Widening our lens beyond the athlete. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 8(2), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2017.1299470
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreier, M. (2012). Qualitative content analysis in practice. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Sheldon, K. M., & Elliot, A. J. (1999). Goal striving, need satisfaction, and longitudinal well-being: The self-concordance model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(3), 482–497. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.76.3.482
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, M., McEwan, H. E., Tod, D., & Martindale, A. (2019). UK Trainee sport and exercise psychologists’ perspectives on developing professional judgement and decision-making expertise during training. The Sport Psychologist, 33(4), 334–343. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2018-0112
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, B., & McGannon, K. R. (2018). Developing rigor in qualitative research: Problems and opportunities within sport and exercise psychology. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(1), 101–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2017.1317357
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, B., & Sparkes, A. C. (2016). Interviews: Qualitative interviewing in the sport and exercise sciences. In B. Smith & A. C. Sparkes (Eds.), Routledge handbook of qualitative research methods in sport and exercise (pp. 103–123). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Sparkes, A. C., & Smith, B. (2014). Qualitative research methods in sport, exercise and health. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Stake, R. E. (1995). The art of case study research. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Symonds, M. L., & Tapps, T. (2016). Goal-prioritization for teachers, coaches, and students: A developmental model. Strategies, 29(3), 34–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/08924562.2016.1159155
   Google Scholar
• Tod, D., Hardy, J., Lavallee, D., Eubank, M., & Ronkainen, N. (2019). Practitioners’ narratives regarding active ingredients in service delivery: Collaboration-based problem solving. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 43, 350–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.04.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tracy, S. J. (2010). Qualitative quality: Eight “big-tent” criteria for excellent qualitative research. Qualitative Inquiry, 16(10), 837–851. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800410383121
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wanlin, C. M., Hrycaiko, D. W., Martin, G. L., & Mahon, M. (1997). The effects of a goal-setting package on the performance of speed skaters. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 9(2), 212–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413209708406483
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinberg, R., Butt, J., Knight, B., & Perritt, N. (2001). Collegiate coaches’ perceptions of their goal-setting practices: A qualitative investigation. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13(4), 374–398. https://doi.org/10.1080/104132001753226256
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widmeyer, W. N., & Ducharme, K. (1997). Team building through team goal setting. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 9(1), 97–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413209708415386
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson, O., Swann, C., Bennett, K. J., Bird, M. D., Goddard, S. G., Schweickle, M. J., & Jackman, P. C. (2022). The performance and psychological effects of goal setting in sport: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1–29. (Advanced online publication). https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2022.2116723
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wressle, E., Eeg-Olofsson, A. M., Marcusson, J., & Henriksson, C. (2002). Improved client participation in the rehabilitation process using a client-centred goal formulation structure. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 34(1), 5–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/165019702317242640
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zakrajsek, R. A., Martin, S. B., & Zizzi, S. J. (2011). American high school football coaches’ attitudes toward sport psychology consultation and intentions to use sport psychology services. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 6(3), 461–478. https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.6.3.461
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar