78
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The cross-race effect is mitigated by own-gender bias but not minimal groups or university affiliation

ORCID Icon, , & ORCID Icon
Received 03 Jun 2023, Accepted 09 Apr 2024, Published online: 24 Apr 2024

References

  • Anderson, J. R. (2020). Cognitive psychology and its implications (9th ed.). Macmillan.
  • Bernstein, M. J., Young, S. G., & Hugenberg, K. (2007). The cross-category effect. Psychological Science, 18(8), 706–712. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01964.x
  • Fuller, E. A., Majolo, B., Flack, T. R., & Ritchie, K. L. (2021). The importance of out-group characteristics for the own-group face memory bias. Visual Cognition, 29(4), 263–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2021.1905125
  • Harrison, V., Hole, G., & Habibi, R. (2020). Are you in or are you out? The importance of group saliency in own-group biases in face recognition. Perception, 49(6), 672–687. https://doi.org/10.1177/0301006620918100
  • Hehman, E., Mania, E. W., & Gaertner, S. L. (2010). Where the division lies: Common ingroup identity moderates the cross-race facial-recognition effect. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(2), 445–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.11.008
  • Herlitz, A., & Lovén, J. (2013). Sex differences and the own-gender bias in face recognition: A meta-analytic review. Visual Cognition, 21(9-10), 1306–1336. https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2013.823140
  • Hills, P. J., & Lewis, M. B. (2018). The development of face expertise: Evidence for a qualitative change in processing. Cognitive Development, 48, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2018.05.003
  • Kinzler, K. D., & Shutts, K. (2008). Memory for “mean” over “nice”: The influence of threat on children’s face memory. Cognition, 107(2), 775–783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2007.09.005
  • Kloth, N., Shields, S. E., & Rhodes, G. (2014). On the other side of the fence: Effects of social categorization and spatial grouping on memory and attention for own-race and other-race faces. PLoS One, 9(9), e105979. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105979
  • Lovén, J., Herlitz, A., & Rehnman, J. (2011). Women’s own-gender bias in face recognition memory. Experimental Psychology, 58(4), 333–340. https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000100
  • Ma, D. S., Correll, J., & Wittenbrink, B. (2015). The Chicago face database: A free stimulus set of faces and norming data. Behavior Research Methods, 47(4), 1122–1135. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-014-0532-5.
  • Macmillan, N. A., & Creelman, C. D. (2005). Detection theory: A user’s guide (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Marsh, B. U. (2021). The cost of racial salience on face memory: How the cross-race effect is moderated by racial ambiguity and the race of the perceiver and the perceived. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 10(1), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0101790
  • Marsh, B. U., Pezdek, K., & Ozery, D. H. (2016). The cross-race effect in face recognition memory by bicultural individuals. Acta Psychologica, 169, 38–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2016.05.003
  • Meissner, C. A., & Brigham, J. C. (2001). Thirty years of investigating the own-race bias in memory for faces: A meta-analytic review. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 7(1), 3–35. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8971.7.1.3
  • Pauker, K., Ambady, N., & Freeman, J. B. (2013). The power of identity to motivate face memory in biracial individuals. Social Cognition, 31(6), 780–791. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2013.31.6.780
  • Rule, N. O., & Sutherland, S. L. (2017). Social categorization from faces: Evidence from obvious and ambiguous groups. Psychological Science, 26(3), 231–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721417697970
  • Shriver, E. R., Young, S. G., Hugenberg, K., Bernstein, M. J., & Lanter, J. R. (2008). Class, race, and the face: Social context modulates the cross-race effect in face recognition. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(2), 260–274. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167207310455
  • Slone, A. E., Brigham, J. C., & Meissner, C. A. (2000). Social and cognitive factors affecting the own-race bias in whites. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 22(2), 71–84. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15324834BASP2202_1
  • Sporer, S. L. (2001). Recognizing faces of other ethnic groups: An integration of theories. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 7(1), 36–97. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8971.7.1.36
  • Stanislaw, H., & Todorov, N. (1999). Calculation of signal detection theory measures. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 31(1), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03207704
  • Tanaka, J. W., Heptonstall, B., & Hagen, S. (2013). Perceptual expertise and the plasticity of other-race face recognition. Visual Cognition, 21(9-10), 1183–1201. https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2013.826315
  • Trawiński, T., Aslanian, A., & Cheung, O. S. (2021). The effect of implicit racial bias on recognition of other-race faces. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 6(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-021-00337-7
  • Wallis, J., Lipp, O. V., & Vanman, E. J. (2012). Face age and sex modulate the other-race effect in face recognition. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 74(8), 1712–1721. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-012-0359-z
  • Wan, L., Crookes, K., Reynolds, K. J., Irons, J. L., & McKone, E. (2015). A cultural setting where the other-race effect on face recognition has no social-motivational component and derives entirely from lifetime perceptual experience. Cognition, 144, 91–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2015.07.011
  • Young, S. G., & Hugenberg, K. (2012). Individuation motivation and face experience can operate jointly to produce the own-race bias. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(1), 80–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550611409759

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.