Publication Cover
Journal of Sexual Aggression
An international, interdisciplinary forum for research, theory and practice
Latest Articles
777
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Recidivism outcomes for young people who have committed a sexual offence and received treatment: A systematic narrative review of studies conducted in Australia and New Zealand

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Received 07 Feb 2023, Accepted 25 Feb 2024, Published online: 01 Apr 2024

References

  • (* indicates a study included in the present systematic review)
  • Adams, D., McKillop, N., Smallbone, S., & McGrath, A. (2020). Developmental and sexual offense onset characteristics of Australian Indigenous and non-Indigenous male youth who sexually offend. Sexual Abuse, 32(8), 958–985. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063219871575
  • *Allan, A., Allan, M. M., Marshall, P., & Kraszlan, K. (2003). Recidivism among male juvenile sexual offenders in Western Australia. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 10(2), 359–378. https://doi.org/10.1375/pplt.2003.10.2.359
  • *Allard, T., Rayment-McHugh, S., Adams, D., Smallbone, S., & McKillop, N. (2016). Responding to youth sexual offending: A field-based practice model that “closes the gap” on sexual recidivism among Indigenous and non-Indigenous males. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 22(1), 82–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600.2014.1003107
  • Ape-Esera, L., & Lambie, I. (2019). A journey of identity: A rangatahi treatment programme for Māori adolescents who engage in sexually harmful behaviour. New Zealand Journal of Psychology (Online), 48, 41–51.
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2022). Recorded crime - offenders. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics.
  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2020). Contact with the criminal justice system. https://www.indigenoushpf.gov.au/measures.
  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2021). Youth detention population in Australia 2021. https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/.
  • Beck Institute. (2021). Introduction to CBT. https://beckinstitute.org/about/intro-to-cbt/.
  • Borduin, C. M., Schaeffer, C. M., & Heiblum, N. (2009). A randomized clinical trial of multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders: Effects on youth social ecology and criminal activity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(1), 26–37https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013035.
  • Caldwell, M. F. (2016). Quantifying the decline in juvenile sexual recidivism rates. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 22(4), 414–426https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000094.
  • Cunneen, C. (2014). Colonial processes, Indigenous peoples, and criminal justice systems. In M. Tonry & S. Bucerius (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of ethnicity, crime, and immigration (pp. 386–407). Oxford University Press.
  • *Curnow, R., Streker, P., & Williams, E. (1998). Juvenile justice evaluation report: Male adolescent program for positive sexuality. Victorian Government, Department of Human Services.
  • Dopp, A. R., Borduin, C. M., & Brown, C. E. (2015). Evidence-based treatments for juvenile sexual offenders: Review and recommendations. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 7(4), 223–236https://doi.org/10.1108/JACPR-01-2015-0155.
  • Edwards, R., & Beech, A. (2004). Treatment programmes for adolescents who commit sexual offences: Dropout and recidivism. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 10(1), 101–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600410001670946
  • Ellerby, L. A., & MacPherson, P. (2002). Exploring the profiles of Aboriginal sexual offenders: Contrasting Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal sexual offenders to determine unique client characteristics and potential implications for sex offender assessment and treatment strategies. Research Branch, Correctional Service Canada. https://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/research/092/r122_e.pdf.
  • Fanniff, A. M., & Becker, J. V. (2006). Specialized assessment and treatment of adolescent sex offenders. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11(3), 265–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2005.08.003
  • Farrington, D. P. (2003). Methodological quality standards for evaluation research. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 587(1), 49–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716202250789
  • *Fortune, C.-A. G. (2007). Not just ‘old men in raincoats’: Effectiveness of specialised community treatment programmes for sexually abusive children and youth in New Zealand.
  • Grey, R., Lambie, I., & Ioane, J. (2023). Aotearoa New Zealand adolescents with harmful sexual behaviours: The importance of a holistic approach when working with Rangatahi Māori. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600.2023.2165732
  • Gutierrez, L., Chadwick, N., & Wanamaker, K. A. (2018). Culturally relevant programming versus the status quo: A meta-analytic review of the effectiveness of treatment of indigenous offenders. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 60(3), 321–353. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2017-0020.r2
  • Hanson, R. K., Gordon, A., Harris, A. J., Marques, J. K., Murphy, W., Quinsey, V. L., & Seto, M. C. (2002). First report of the collaborative outcome data project on the effectiveness of psychological treatment for sex offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14(2), 169–194. https://doi.org/10.1177/107906320201400207
  • Harkins, L., & Beech, A. (2007). Measurement of the effectiveness of sex offender treatment. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2006.03.002
  • Harrison, J. L., O’Toole, S. K., Ammen, S., Ahlmeyer, S., Harrell, S. N., & Hernandez, J. L. (2020). Sexual offender treatment effectiveness within cognitive-behavioral programs: A meta-analytic investigation of general, sexual, and violent recidivism. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 27(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2018.1485526
  • Henggeler, S. W. (2012). Multisystemic therapy: Clinical foundations and research outcomes. Psychosocial Intervention, 21(2), 181–193. https://doi.org/10.5093/in2012a12
  • Henggeler, S. W., Smith, B. H., & Sahloenwald, S. K. (1994). Key theoretical and methodological issues in conducting treatment research in the juvenile justice system. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 23(2), 143–150. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp2302_4
  • HueyJrS. J., Henggeler, S. W., Brondino, M. J., & Pickrel, S. G. (2000). Mechanisms of change in multisystemic therapy: Reducing delinquent behavior through therapist adherence and improved family and peer functioning. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(3), 451–467https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.68.3.451.
  • Kenny, D. T., & Lennings, C. J. (2007). Cultural group differences in social disadvantage, offence characteristics, and experience of childhood trauma and psychopathology in incarcerated juvenile offenders in NSW, Australia: Implications for service delivery. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 14(2), 294–305. https://doi.org/10.1375/pplt.14.2.294
  • Keogh, T. (2012). The internal world of the juvenile sex offende: Through a glass darkly then face to face. Karnac Books. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10521488
  • Kettrey, H. H., & Lipsey, M. W. (2018). The effects of specialized treatment on the recidivism of juvenile sex offenders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 14(3), 361–387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-018-9329-3
  • Kim, B., Benekos, P., & Merlo, A. (2016). Sex offender recidivism revisited: Review of recent meta-analyses on the effects of sex offender treatment. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 17(1), 105–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838014566719
  • *Kingi, V. M., & Robertson, J. P. (2007). Evaluation of the Te Poutama Ārahi Rangatahi residential treatment programme for adolescent males. Child, Youth and Family Wellington.
  • Knopp, F. H. (1985). Recent developments in the treatment of adolescent sex offenders. Adolescent sex Offenders: Issues in Research and Treatment, 1–27.
  • *Laing, L., Tolliday, D., Kelk, N., & Law, B. (2014). Recidivism following community based treatment for non-adjudicated young people with sexually abusive behaviors. Sexual Abuse in Australia and New Zealand, 6, 38–47.
  • La Macchia, M. (2016). An introduction to over-representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in the criminal justice system. https://doi.org/10.4225/50/5804152606bb0
  • *Lambie, I., Hickling, L., Seymour, F., Simmonds, L., Robson, M., & Houlahan, C. (2000). Using wilderness therapy in treating adolescent sexual offenders. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 5(2), 99–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600008413302
  • Lambie, I., & Seymour, F. (2006). One size does not fit all: Future directions for the treatment of sexually abusive youth in New Zealand. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 12(2), 175–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600600823647
  • Långström, N., Enebrink, P., Laurén, E.-M., Lindblom, J., Werkö, S., & Hanson, R. K. (2013). Preventing sexual abusers of children from reoffending: Systematic review of medical and psychological interventions. Bmj, 347, 1–11https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f4630.
  • Lim, S., Lambie, I., & Cooper, E. (2012). New Zealand youth that sexually offend: Improving outcomes for Māori rangatahi and their whānau. Sexual Abuse, 24(5), 459–478. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063212438923
  • Lösel, F., & Schmucker, M. (2005). The effectiveness of treatment for sexual offenders: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 1(1), 117–146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-004-6466-7
  • Macgregor, S. (2008). Sex offender treatment programs: Effectiveness of prison and community based programs in Australia and New Zealand. Indigenous Justice Clearinghouse. https://www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/sites/default/files/EXH.015.022.0007.pdf
  • Marshall, W. L. (1993). The treatment of sex offenders: What does the outcome data tell us? A reply to Quinsey, Harris, Rice, and Lalumière. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 8(4), 524–530. https://doi.org/10.1177/088626093008004007
  • Marshall, W. L., & Marshall, L. E. (2007). The utility of the random controlled trial for evaluating sexual offender treatment: The gold standard or an inappropriate strategy? Sexual Abuse, 19(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.1177/107906320701900207
  • Marshall, W. L., & Marshall, L. E. (2008). Good clinical practice and the evaluation of treatment: A response to Seto et al. Sexual Abuse, 20(3), 256–260. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063208323839
  • Marshall, W. L., & Marshall, L. E. (2010). Can treatment be effective with sexual offenders or does it do harm? A response to Hanson (2010) and Rice (2010). Sexual Offender Treatment, 5, 1–8. http://www.sexual-offender-treatment.org/index.php?id=87&type=123
  • Marshall, W. L., & Pithers, W. D. (1994). A reconsideration of treatment outcome with sex offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 21(1), 10–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854894021001003
  • Methley, A. M., Campbell, S., Chew-Graham, C., Mcnally, R., & Cheraghi-Sohi, S. (2014). PICO, PICOS and SPIDER: A comparison study of specificity and sensitivity in three search tools for qualitative systematic reviews. BMC Health Services Research, 14(1), 579.
  • Ministry of Justice. (2017). Adolescent sex offender treatment: Evidence brief. https://www.justice.govt.nz/assets/Adolescent-Sex-Offender-Treatment.pdf.
  • Ministry of Justice. (2020). Youth Justice Indicators Summary Report December 2020. https://www.justice.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Publications/Youth-Justice-Indicators-Summary-Report-December-2020-FINAL.pdf
  • Ministry of Justice. (2021). Youth Justice Indicators Summary Report December 2021 https://www.justice.govt.nz/assets
  • Ministry of Justice. (2022). Research and data. https://www.justice.govt.nz/justice-sector-policy/research-data/justice-statistics/data-tables/#offence
  • *Molnar, T., McKillop, N., Allard, T., Rynne, J., & Adams, D. (2021). Patterns of rearrest for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous youth who have sexually harmed. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 27(2), 167–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600.2020.1850894
  • Oremus, M., Oremus, C., Hall, G. B., McKinnon, M. C., & ECT, & Team, C. S. R. (2012). Inter-rater and test–retest reliability of quality assessments by novice student raters using the Jadad and Newcastle–Ottawa Scales. BMJ Open, 2(4), e001368. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001368
  • Oxnam, P., & Vess, J. (2008). A typology of adolescent sexual offenders: Millon adolescent clinical inventory profiles, developmental factors, and offence characteristics. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 19(2), 228–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789940701694452
  • Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., & Brennan, S. E. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. International Journal of Surgery, 88, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijus.2021.105906
  • Pham, A. T., Nunes, K. L., Maimone, S., & Hermann, C. A. (2021). How accurately can researchers measure criminal history, sexual deviance, and risk of sexual recidivism from self-report information alone? Journal of Sexual Aggression, 27(1), 106–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600.2020.1741709
  • Popay, J., Roberts, H., Sowden, A., Petticrew, M., Arai, L., Rodgers, M., Britten, N., Roen, K., & Duffy, S. (2006). Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews. A product from the ESRC methods programme Version, 1(1). https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document
  • Quinsey, V. L., Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E., & Lalumière, M. L. (1993). Assessing treatment efficacy in outcome studies of sex offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 8(4), 512–523. https://doi.org/10.1177/088626093008004006
  • Reitzel, L. R., & Carbonell, J. L. (2006). The effectiveness of sexual offender treatment for juveniles as measured by recidivism: A meta-analysis. Sexual Abuse, 18(4), 401–421. https://doi.org/10.1177/107906320601800407
  • Rice, M. E., & Harris, G. T. (2003). The size and sign of treatment effects in sex offender therapy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 989(1), 428–440. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07323.x
  • Rosenthal, R. (1979). The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results. Psychological Bulletin, 86(3), 638. https://pages.ucsd.edu/~cmckenzie/Rosenthal1979PsychBulletin.pdf
  • Schmucker, M., & Lösel, F. (2008). Does sexual offender treatment work? A systematic review of outcome evaluations. Psicothema, 20, 10–19. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/727/72720103.pdf
  • Schmucker, M., & Lösel, F. (2015). The effects of sexual offender treatment on recidivism: An international meta-analysis of sound quality evaluations. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 11(4), 597–630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-015-9241-z
  • Seager, J. A., Jellicoe, D., & Dhaliwal, G. K. (2004). Refusers, dropouts, and completers: Measuring Sex offender treatment efficacy [article]. International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology, 48(5), 600–612. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X04263885
  • Sherman, L. W., Gottfredson, D. C., MacKenzie, D. L., Eck, J., Reuter, P., & Bushway, S. D. (1998). Preventing crime: What works, what doesn’t, what’s promising.
  • Smallbone, S., Crissman, B., & Rayment-McHugh, S. (2009). Improving therapeutic engagement with adolescent sexual offenders. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 27(6), 862–877. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.905
  • Smallbone, S., & Rayment-McHugh, S. (2013). Preventing youth sexual violence and abuse: Problems and solutions in the Australian context. Australian Psychologist, 48(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-9544.2012.00071.x
  • Tamatea, A. J., Webb, M., & Boer, D. P. (2011). The role of culture in sexual offender rehabilitation: A New Zealand perspective. 313–329. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119990420.ch16.
  • Trevethan, S. D., Moore, J.-P., & Naqitarvik, L. (2004). The Tupiq program for Inuit sexual offenders: A preliminary investigation. Research Branch.
  • Uman, L. S. (2011). Systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 20, 57–59.
  • United Nations. (2022). Who are the youth? https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/youth.
  • Walker, D. F., McGovern, S. K., Poey, E. L., & Otis, K. E. (2004). Treatment effectiveness for male adolescent sexual offenders: A meta-analysis and review. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 13(3-4), 281–293. https://doi.org/10.1300/J070v13n03_14
  • White, R. (2015). Indigenous young people and hyperincarceration in Australia. Youth Justice, 15(3), 256–270. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473225414562293
  • Winokur, M., Rozen, D., Batchelder, K., & Valentine, D.. (2006). Juvenile sexual offender treatment: A systematic review of evidence-based research [unpublished report]. Fort Collins, CO: Social Work Research Center, Colorado State University.
  • World Health Organization. (2022). Adolescent and young adult health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescents-health-risks-and-solutions.
  • Worling, J. R., & Curwen, T. (2000). Adolescent sexual offender recidivism: Success of specialized treatment and implications for risk prediction. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24(7), 965–982. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(00)00147-2
  • Worling, J. R., & Langstrom, N. (2006). Risk of sexual recidivism in adolescents who offend sexually. In H.E. Barbaree & W.L. Marshall (Eds.), The juvenile sex offender (pp. 219–247). The Guildford Press.