Missionary as gatekeeper in translation: exploring motivations based on the cases of two missionaries in the late Chinese Ming dynasty (1580s-1640s)

References

• Aleni, G., and X. Fang. 1996. 职方外纪校释 [An Annotation to Zhifang Waiji], Translated by Fang Xie. Shanghai: Zhonghua Book Company.
   Google Scholar
• Arzık-Erzurumlu, Ö. 2020. “Interpreting During the Cold War Era in Turkey.” Translation & Interpreting Studies 15 (3): 419–440. https://doi.org/10.1075/tis.20084.arz.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai, J., and Y. Yang. 2018. “近代传教士在华科技译著的特征及社会语境 [The Characteristics and Social Context of Scientific and Technical Translations of Missionaries in Modern China.” Chinese Science & Technology Translators Journal 31 (2): 55–58.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. [1977] 2013. Outline of a Theory of Practice, Translated by Richard Nice. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. 1986. “The Genesis of the Concepts of ‘Habitus’ and ‘Field.” Sociocriticism 2 (2): 11–24.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P., and L. J. D. Wacquant. 1992. An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Boyer, C. B., and U. Merzbach. 2011. A History of Mathematics. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, H. 2018. “Rethinking Agency and Creativity: Translation, Collaboration and Gender in Early Modern Germany.” Translation Studies 11 (1): 84–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/14781700.2017.1300103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassidy, W. P. 2006. “Gatekeeping Similar for Online, Print Journalists.” Newspaper Research Journal 27 (2): 6–23.
   Google Scholar
• Cranefield, J., and P. Yoong. 2007. “The Role of the Translator/Interpreter in Knowledge Transfer Environments.” Knowledge & Process Management 14 (2): 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.271.
   Google Scholar
• Dehergne, J., and S. J. 1995. 在华耶稣会士列传及书目补编 [Supplements of Biographies of Jesuits in China and Bibliography of Translations], Translated by Sheng Geng. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company.
   Google Scholar
• Fang, H. 1988. 中国天主教史人物传 [Biography of Chinese Catholic History]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company.
   Google Scholar
• Fang, H. 2008. 中西交通史 [History of Transportation Between China and the West]. Shanghai: Shanghai People’s Publishing House.
   Google Scholar
• Fang, J. 2000. “顺民与强盗: 传教士在中国近代的角色 [Obedient Citizens and Robbers: The Role of Missionaries in Modern China].” Democracy & Science (6): 40–42. https://org/CNKI:SUN:MZKX.0.2000-06-014.
   Google Scholar
• Feng, Q. 2017. “On the Gate-Keeping Activities of News Translators and Their Qualifications.” Journal of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies 28 (2): 103–109.
   Google Scholar
• Gu, C. 2004. 传教士与近代中国（第三版） Missionaries and Modern China. 3rd ed. Shanghai: Shanghai People’s Publishing House.
   Google Scholar
• Hu, W. 2019. “A Study on Missionaries’ Sci-Tech Translation Activity in the Period of Late Ming Dynasty and Early Qing Dynasty from the Perspective of Bourdieu’s Field Theory.” Shanghai Journal of Translators (1): 44–50. https://org/CNKI:SUN:SHKF.0.2019-01-008. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• John Witek, S. J. 1999. “Aleni, Giulio.” In Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions, edited by H. A. Gerald, 9–10. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
   Google Scholar
• Kirifuji, K. 2011. “The Jesuit Missionaries and Portuguese in the Late Ming Dynasty: Formation of the Perception That Missionary Equals Aggressor.” Collected Papers of History Studies (3): 68–74. https://org/CNKI:SUN:SHXZ.0.2011-03-011. (In Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Kong, W. M. 2015. “Nineteenth Century Missionary-Scholars at Work a Critical Review of English Translations of theDaodejingby John Chalmers and James Legge.” Monumenta Serica 63 (1): 124–149. https://doi.org/10.1179/0254994815z.0000000005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lan, L. 2018. “Review and Prospect on the Research of Missionary Western Medicine Translation in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.” Medicine and Philosophy 39 (10A): 90–93. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Lan, K., and Y. Sun. 2013. “The Examination of the Role Transition of Western Science in Missionary Activities in China.” Journal of Qilu Normal University 28 (5): 101–106. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Lewin, K. 1947. “Frontiers in Group Dynamics.” Human Relations 1 (2): 143–153. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872674700100201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, N. 2002. 中国口译史 [History of Chinese Interpreting]. Qingdao: Qingdao Publishing House.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, Y. 2012. “The Religiosity of a Former Confucian-Buddhist: The Catholic Faith of Yang Tingyun.” Journal of the History of Ideas 73 (2): 25–46.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, Z., and Y. Chen. 2018. “The Scientific Enlightenment Characteristics and Influence of the Physics Textbooks Translated by Missionaries of the Late Qing Dynasty.” In Chinese. Studies on Science Popularization 73 (2): 84–90. https://doi.org/10.19293/j.cnki.1673-8357.2018.02.012.
   Google Scholar
• López-Alcalá, S. 2021. “Issues of Explanation in Translation History: An Example from US–Mexican Religious Historiography.” Translation Studies 14 (1): 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/14781700.2020.1777193.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, F. 2009. “Translation, Manipulation and the Transfer of Negative Cultural Images.” The Translator 15 (2): 327–349. https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2009.10799284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, M. 2013. “US-American Protestant Missionaries and Translation in China 1894.” CLCWeb: Comparative Literature & Culture 15 (2). https://doi.org/10.7771/1481-4374.2217>.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, D. 2004. ““传教士东来与西学传播” [The Missionaries’ Coming to the Orient and the Spread of Western Culture].” Qilu Journal 183 (6): 43–47.
   Google Scholar
• Ma, Z. 2006. 中国翻译通史——古代部分 [A History of Translation in China: Ancient Times]. Vol. 1. Hu Bei: Hubei Education Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ma, Z. 2010. “”西学东渐”与 “东学西渐”———明末清初传教士科技翻译的历史文化语境. [”Western Learning to the East” and “East Learning to the West”: The Historical and Cultural Context of Missionaries’ Scientific and Technological Translation in the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties].” Journal of Language and Literature Studie 8: 83–87.
   Google Scholar
• Maggio, R. 2017. An Analysis of Pierre Bourdieu’s Outline of a Theory of Practice. London: Macat International.
   Google Scholar
• O’Brien, S. 2011. “Collaborative Translation.” In Handbook of Translation Studies, edited by Y. Gambier and L. van Doorslaer, 17–20. Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Pan, L. 2014. “Investigating Institutional Practice in News Translation: An Empirical Study of a Chinese Agency Translating Discourse on China.” Perspectives 22 (4): 547–565. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676x.2014.948888.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfister, L. A. 1995. 在华耶稣会士列传及书目 [Biographies of Jesuits in China and Bibliography of Translations], Translated by Chengjun Feng 冯承钧. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pomplun, R. T., J.-P. Rubiés, and I. G. Županov. 2020. “Introduction: Early Catholic Orientalism and the Missionary Discovery of Asian Religions.” Journal of Early Modern History 24 (6): 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342666.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pym, A. 2014. “Translator Associations—From Gatekeepers to Communities.” Target International Journal of Translation Studies 26 (3): 466–491. https://doi.org/10.1075/target.26.3.06pym.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu, W. 2014. “Chinese Translations of Legal Terms in Early Modern Period: An Empirical Study of the Books Compiled/Translated by Missionaries Around the Mid-Nineteenth Century.” Semiotica 2014 (201). https://doi.org/10.1515/sem-2014-0030.
   Google Scholar
• Ricci, M., and N. Trigaul. 1983. 利玛窦中国札记 [On the Christian Mission Among the Chinese]. Shanghai: Zhonghua Book Company.
   Google Scholar
• Russell, B. 2004. History of Western Philosophy. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Shoemaker, P. J., and T. P. Vos. 2009. Gatekeeping Theory. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Song, L. 2010. “近代来华传教士译介成长小说述略 [A Brief Introduction to the Translation of Bildungsroman by Missionaries in Modern China.” Modern Chinese Literature Studies 6:1–14. https://doi.org/10.16287/j.cnki.cn11-2589/i.2010.06.011.
   Google Scholar
• Sun, Y. 2016. “明代来华传教士科技翻译对中国科技发展的意义 [The Significance of Science and Technology Translation of Missionaries in China in the Ming Dynasty to the Development of Science and Technology in China.” Journal of Weifang Engineering Vocational College 29 (5): 54–57.
   Google Scholar
• Swartz, D. 1998. Culture & Power: The Sociology of Pierre Bourdieu. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Thomso, P. 2008. “Field.” In Pierre Bourdieu Key Concepts, edited by M. Grenfe, 67–81. Durham: Acumen.
   Google Scholar
• Wan, M. 1993. “Western Missionaires’ Attempts in China in the Late Ming Dynasty: Their Success and Failure.” Journal of Peking University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) (5): 50–60. https://org/CNKI:SUN:BDZK.0.1993-05-009. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Wang, M. 2021. “To Translate or Not to Translate: Early Translation of Chinese Myths by European Missionaries (1575-1688.” Foreign Language Teaching and Research 53 (2): 273–283. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.19923/j.cnki.fltr.2021.02.010.
   Google Scholar
• Wong, L. W.-C. 2015. “Rethinking the Translation of “Superintendent” in the Treaty of Nanking.” Chinese Translators Journal (3): 31–41. https://org/CNKI:SUN:ZGFY.0.2015-03-011. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Wu, Y. 2000. 在宗教与世俗之间——基督教新教传教士在华南沿海的早期活动研究 [Between Religious and Secular: A Study on the Early Activities of Protestant Missionaries in the Coast of South China]. Guangzhou: Guangdong Education Publishing House.
   Google Scholar
• Xiong, J. 2012. “Research on the Missionary’s Material Selection in Translation in Late Qing Dynasty.” Language and Translation (2): 61–64. https://org/CNKI:SUN:YYFY.0.2012-02-016.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, G. 1963. 徐光启集 [Collections of Xu Guangqi]. Shanghai: Zhonghua Book Company.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, Z. 1949. 明清间耶稣会士译著提要 [A Summary of the Translations by Jesuits During the Ming and Qing Dynasties]. Shanghai: Zhonghua Book Company.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, Z. 2000. “On the Dissemination and Significance of the Thirteen Books of Euclid ‘S Elements.” Journal of Central China Normal University (Natural Sciences) 34 (2): 243–249.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, J., and J. Zhang. 2011. “Court Interpreter as Institutional Gate-Keeper.” Chinese Translators Journal (1): 24–28. https://org/CNKI:SUN:ZGFY.0.2011-01-008.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, X., Y. Zhao, and X. Luo. 2019. “译者行为批评视域下19世纪新教传教士英译儒经行为研究——以柯大卫的《四书译注》为例 [Research on the Behavior Translation of Confucian Classics from Chinese to English in the Perspective of Translator Behavior Criticism—Taking the Chinese Classical Work Commonly Called the Four Books by David Collie as an Example.” Zhongguo Fanyi 中国翻译 [Chinese Translators Journal] 1: 42–50.
   Google Scholar